James Fallon: Public Psychopath

American neuroscientist James Fallon talks to Claudia Hammond about his own personal journey of discovery about the nature of criminal brain. With his expertise in neuroanatomy, James Fallon was often asked to analyse and interpret the brain scans of convicted murderers in legal cases. Neuroimaging studies have shown that psychopaths often have differences in brain structure and functioning to normal people.

Knowing his professional interest in the criminal brain, his mother then told Professor Fallon about a dark ancestral streak in his father's side of the family. Genealogical detective work uncovered 8 murderers and alleged killers in one branch of the family tree - including Lizzy Borden (who was accused but acquitted of the axe-murders of her father and step mother).

The opportunity to have his own brain scanned then came up. James Fallon was unnerved to discover that aspects of his own brain functioning had marked similarities to those of psychopath he had studied. Adding to the alarm were results of some subsequent genetic tests.

A number of genes have been linked to aggressive and violent behaviour. One of these has been nick-named the 'warrior' gene. The gene makes a brain chemical called monoamine oxidase A, MAO-A. There are different versions or 'flavours' of this gene. James Fallon turned out to have the version which has been most strongly correlated with violent behaviour in some studies. Professor Fallon says that in a sense, he's a born killer.

However, Professor Fallon's discoveries about himself have had a profound effect on his thinking about the roots of psychopathy and violent behaviour. He used to be a strong advocate of the power of genes on human nature and behaviour. Now, he's convinced that his childhood and upbringing made all the difference in who he is.

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Anderson Cooper said:

I'm convinced...I mean, I find this whole topic of Psychopaths really interesting, because I am convinced that there are a lot more people out there who are Psychopaths then we realize. And particularly successful people, accomplished people. You know people on TV, people in the political sphere, I am convinced there are tons of Psychopaths.

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Scientist Related to Killers Learns He Has a Psychopath's Brain
Nov. 30, 2013
By SUSAN DONALDSON JAMES


James Fallon admits he has a lot in common with serial killer Ted Bundy and Columbine assassin Eric Harris. He is aggressive, lacks empathy and is a risk-taker.

Fallon, a professor of psychiatry and human behavior at the University of California Irvine, accidentally discovered what friends and family have suspected for years -- he has all the genetic traits and brain scan patterns of a psychopath.

"When somebody gets mad at me, I never show it -- they can't read it on my face," Fallon, 66, told ABCNews.com. "I never get even immediately, but four years down the road, I get them with revenge."

"I don't have special emotional bonds with those who are close to me -- I treat everyone the same," he said. "I am involved in a lot of charities and good works, and my intentions are good for the world. But I don't have the sense of romance or love I am supposed to have for my wife. It's not there."

But Fallon is not a mass murderer and in his new book, "The Psychopath Inside: A Neuroscientist's Personal Journey Into the Dark Side of the Brain," he tries to understand why.

For years Fallon has worked with criminologists and other legal experts to evaluate the brain for abnormalities. But while volunteering with his own family for a study of Alzheimer's disease, Fallon learned on his PET scan that he has all the features of a psychopath.

"The last scan in the pile was strikingly odd," he writes about the 2005 discovery. "In fact it looked exactly like the most abnormal of the scans I had just been writing about, suggesting that the poor individual it belonged to was a psychopath -- or at least shared an uncomfortable amount of traits with one. ... When I found out who the scan belonged to, I had to believe there was a mistake. ... But there had been no mistake. The scan was mine."

Fallon, who has three children and five grandchildren, analyzes why he is a law-abiding, though impulse-driven, citizen, and yet other psychopaths with the same genetic predisposition, go on to kill.

Two of his distant relatives were notorious: One, Lizzie Borden, was acquitted of murdering her father and stepmother with a hatchet in 1892. Another, Thomas Cornell, was the first in the American colonies hanged for killing his mother in 1672.

Fallon said he escaped the same fate because of the interplay between nature and nurture. He was raised in a loving family. Still, he had some other telltale signs, such as panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive tendencies and social anxieties.

"Looking at my genetics, I had lethal combination, but I just had the happiest childhood growing up," he said. Fallon's mother had four miscarriages before his birth and, as a result, he said he was, "treated well because they didn't think I would be born."

"There were dark periods I went through, but they didn't bring me to a psychiatrist, but they told my sisters and teachers to watch out for me," he said. "My mother instinctively knew there was a problem."

Conscience and a sense of morality and impulse control lie in the limbic system and in the orbital cortex in the brain, according to Fallon.

"They connect and inhibit each other not unlike the super-ego controlling the id," he said. "It's the interface between the intellectual mind and the emotions attending to them."

Fallon's brain scans show low activity in both regions of the brain.

"No behavior is really evil or bad -- it's all contextual," he said. "There is a time for sex and a time for killing, when someone attacks the family. But it's done in context. The orbital cortex adjudicates the idea of morality and interacts with the amygdala's drive to eat, drink and screw. There would be mayhem if it didn't exist."

As a neuroscientist, Fallon said he always believed humans were ruled solely by their genes and not their environment in the nature versus nurture debate.

"I never took it seriously," he said. "I was the poster boy for genes causing everything. But I had to eat crow and say I was wrong."

His personal story was the subject of a TED talk that went viral on YouTube in 2007 and he even had a guest role on the television show, "Criminal Minds." Fallon was contacted by literary agents last year to write a book about his experience.

He blames abuse in the first three years of life, combined with biological features that turn off serotonin in the brain, leading to psychopathic violence.

"It's a loaded gun," he said, but not necessarily a "death sentence."

Fallon suggests that a child born with biological tendencies to be a psychopath can be pushed over the edge by early abuse and by bullies.

Northeastern University criminologist Jack Levin agrees environmental influences determine whether a psychopath will go on to be violent, but discredits Fallon's theory. The author of a book about mass murderers, "Extreme Killing," Levin said most serial killers are in their 30s and 40s.

"You can determine the biological roots of psychopathy, including the lack of empathy and remorse and manipulative disposition, but the problem is, that does not necessarily translate into violent behavior," he told ABCNews.com. "There are literally millions of psychopaths."

The American Psychological Association claims that as many as 3 percent of all Americans have antisocial personalities, according to Levin, "meaning they are crafty and shrewd and masters at presentation of self."

"They might sell you a bad used car, or might be womanizers or pathological liars or cheaters, but that doesn't mean they will kill anyone," he said. "Not unless you become an obstacle to their success -- and then you better watch out."

All serial killers seem to share a "feeling of profound powerlessness," said Levin.

One of the earliest signs can be animal cruelty. "If you see a 6-year-old who sadistically abuses a dog or cat that is the family pet in an up-close and personal way, in order to maximize the suffering of the animal, clearly that's a red flag and you have a problem on your hands."

Levin suggests that psychopathic killers have difficulty transitioning from adolescence into adulthood.

"If the triggers occurred in early childhood, they would start killing people when they were 9 or 12," he said. "There is some environmental factor beyond how they were raised."

"It's impossible to predict [who will be a killer] under the Fallon model," said Levin. "A lot of people have the symptoms, but don't get the disease. They have been brutalized under terrible circumstances, been sexually stimulated by their parents and yet grow up to be healthy, decent people."

Fallon said his bad biology didn't stop his professional success, even if has taken a personal toll. Throughout life, he said he has had a larger-than-life personality that attracts people, but puts those he loves at risk.

"I wouldn't want to marry me," he said. "I am a pain in the ass and competitive. I can be so manipulative and I am always on the make, but I am not going to kill anyone or rape anyone."

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All serial killers seem to share a "feeling of profound powerlessness," said Levin.

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HowToBe said:

Wasn't there another guy who was discussed on the forum who wrote a book or was in a documentary about how he was a "narcissist"? I recall in that discussion it was estimated that he was actually a full-blown psychopath (if you can separate the two) based on some clues including the effects that interviewing him had on the documentary staff. ?

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Heimdallr said:

HowToBe said:

Wasn't there another guy who was discussed on the forum who wrote a book or was in a documentary about how he was a "narcissist"? I recall in that discussion it was estimated that he was actually a full-blown psychopath (if you can separate the two) based on some clues including the effects that interviewing him had on the documentary staff. ?

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You're probably thinking of Sam Vaknin - https://cassiopaea.org/forum/index.php/topic,8381.0.html

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