The article discusses the ways in which we can survive in the wild and accessories for survival
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Survival in the wild
Survival is a situation where the soldiers forced to use all their skills and knowledge, intellectual, mental and physical abilities, and improvised means that they have at their disposal in order to extreme natural conditions, save their lives and health.
The proper attitude in a survival situation
Training in survival in winter and polar conditions
Of all the most important proper attitude to a crisis situation, ie keeping sanity. Experience shows that a rational understanding of survival possible in every, even the seemingly worst situation, as well as in all areas on Earth, from Arctic conditions in the tundra to lifeless areas in the desert.
Survival depends largely on conditions in the environment. The priorities are not the same in different climates and in different periods of time in cold mountainous and Arctic regions shelter and fire are a priority, in the desert and tropical regions emphasis is given to finding the much needed water. Also it depends on the equipment that is available: the person who finds himself in the mountainous regions, and with him a lighter or matches, warm and tight clothes and a good deal of the insulation material does not have to worry about the cold, her priority becomes finding food and water as and making shelters.
However, in any situation where survival is possible to see it, should be reiterated that survival depends primarily on the proper mental framework and survival generally begins "in your head".
No matter how much equipment was sophisticated man is still a key factor for survival and what it often hampers and limits are its psychological reactions to stress. In a stressful situation should recognize the dangers, but also opportunities for their removal. It is important to immediately accept the fact that this is an extreme situation, but also need to immediately look into the options that are pulled out the most possible in order to stay in the wild in an unknown area as safe as possible.
Situations survival is easier to overcome in a group rather than individually, but it is important that is a cohesion. The group that is not working team reduces the chance of survival because eventually leads to problems, and danger fear turns into panic resulting in a lack of concentration and a reasonable understanding.
In such moments of fear is a normal reaction to the unknown. He appears whenever the situation negatively affects the essential human needs and livelihoods, can be reduced continuous training and confrontation with what can happen. Fear can be ambiguous because it sometimes works and positive, can also be the focus, because it speeds up thinking, encourages ideas and enhances reactions essential for survival. Therefore, the feeling of fear should not suppress and deny it should be the expert guidance and exercise properly directed to the correct goal - survival.
Pain occurs as a result of physical stress, effort, injuries and wounds, and is a natural indicator that something is wrong. It's human nature to partially remove the pain by doing something that fully engages, both mentally and physically. In survival situations sensation of pain can be reduced by redirecting attention to the way out of the situation and solve the problem. If you are constantly thinking of the pain, abilities are limited, and the probability of survival declines drastically.
The cold is a greater threat than it seems at first glance, and this problem should be addressed seriously. In addition to reducing the ability to think, the cold adversely affect the morale and the will to survive, and human behavior in general. Next to it, hunger and thirst are the strongest opponents of the psyche because they cause disorientation, decline of morals and a sense of powerlessness. During prolonged lack of food and water comes to a low immune system that results in severe difficulties, disease, and ultimately death. In these situations it is impossible to avoid the fatigue that causes lack of concentration and caution, leading to a feeling of resignation.
Loneliness and boredom can lead to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness, however, it should be noted that they themselves do not pose any real threat but only a certain difficulty. In fact, anyone can survive alone, but when someone is close survival is easier. Boredom increases above experiences: nothing happens, there is a monotone, uncertainty and panic, pain is felt increasingly, loneliness is unbearable, there is a feeling of inability to cope with the new situation. It should be in time to prevent so to find something creative that fills the time, and at the same time benefit stay in the wild (eg. Making beds).
Accessories for survival
Survival kit that carries includes various trinkets and toys that stay in the wild make safer and more pleasant, and is determined by the weather and soil conditions for areas where planning movement. It is best if kit contains supplies for the operation in all conditions, but the kits are then usually larger and larger mass, so choose only what you really might need in a particular environment.
The knife is the most important piece of equipment that allows the processing and preparation of food, making shelter and tools, and also serves as a weapon. Funding for fires (lighter, matches, flint) and material Firewood and inciting fire (paper, feathers, dust, twigs, bark, resin, wool, cotton, wipes impregnated with alcohol) are essential, especially during the winter. Wax candles are useful because they keep the heat in the shade, and provide lasting light. Needle and thread come in handy in the repair and making clothing and footwear. Compass is essential in all military missions and so when survival. The mirror can be of great help in signaling or when there is a necessity to look behind cover without undue exposure. The wire is very useful when creating shelter, but also in the hunt, because it is made traps for animals. Accessories for medical supplies should be given the greatest attention, as well as prevention and treatment of wounds, because even minor injuries such as scratches due to infection can lead to serious complications. Sometimes in a survival kit can be found and various spices that enhance the taste of scarce prepared food in survival situations. Nylon bags have multiple values, and it is best if they are larger in size. Used for collecting water, heat and waterproofing shelters to protect equipment from the water when crossing bodies of water and as a makeshift raincoat.
Knife
A good knife is indispensable and perhaps the most important accessories in survival situations. With you should always have at least one blade, and preferably have a spare (folding) in the vest, pocket or a backpack. If you do not have it, we make it of handy materials that we encounter in nature such as stone, wood, bone, glass, metal, plastic, etc.
Knife to stay in the countryside must be tightly constructed thicker profile and made of a single piece. Commercial '' Rambo knives '' not a good choice to stay in the wild because they are usually of lower quality with a hollow handle that was often shot. The knife should always be sharp and it is necessary to check regularly that it is in place. It is only used for the purpose for which it is intended, therefore, it is impermissible to use it as a spear or for fun by driving into a tree in the country. The blade is used for cutting, trimming, making tools and supplies, etc. It can not be cut anything harder than wood.
A good knife is indispensable and perhaps the most important survival kit
In the wild, it is sometimes useful to have a machete and that is very versatile as a tool, but because of its size and mass tiring over long hike across. Contrary to popular belief, machetes are never used for clearing vegetation for the purpose of making times because it creates a lot of noise, reduces the audibility and leaves very visible traces.
Improv clothing and footwear
In case of lack of clothes and shoes can improvise and create a variety of handy materials such as jute bags, animal skins, woven fabric and the like. Improv raincoat is making so that a larger piece of material overlapped by half and then to make an opening for the head.
When used, it is necessary to wear a seat belt around your waist or a piece of rope to cloak its width would not restrict movement and that during movement does not falter for vegetation. Nipples (tails) are made of older presses, parts of nylon, resistant fabrics, jute and similar materials. They are very useful in wet and cold regions because they trap heat and help the clothes stay dry. As a material for thermal insulation which fills the clothing is used to dry grass and leaves, straw, moss, feathers of various birds, old newspapers, nylon bags, cotton, wool and animal skins.
Footwear can be made of rubber, tree bark, animal skins and similar materials. From old tires to cut off a piece the size of which corresponds to normal wear, covers the entire foot and attaches to the leg rope. Such improvised footwear because of its profile as a tire specially fits heavier soil types (rocks, mountains, ...). Backpack can be made of materials that are found in nature and we carry with us: stronger branches (of them are doing construction, so-called. A-frame), ropes for making straps (straps, sleeves, pant legs), flap, raincoat or storage bag and content protection.
Huts
Huts are extremely important in situations of survival, especially in winter periods. They protect against the weather and animals, but also of the opposing observations, and if you are planning made and of the firing of action. They have a favorable psychological effect, raise morale because they give a sense of security and increase the fighting spirit and the will to survive. Huts can be natural (caves, hollows in the rock, pit, trench), and can be manufactured from various materials (snags, logs, wooden logs and planks, rope, wire, their curtains and raincoats, camouflage nets, nylon bags, parachute, stones, snow blocks, nylon, canvas). It is best to take advantage of potential natural shelters that can modify the available material. What will be the shelter depends on the material and the time available, making an effort, and the requirements of the shelter.
A place that is chosen for making shelters determined by a number of factors. In peacetime and civilian survival situations aspiration is to comfort. Military units are taken into account and the tactical situation in relation to the opponent, and comfort them, then less important. In the case of floods and torrents of rain, snow or rockfall avalanche shelter will remain dry and safe if it is on an elevated position. Places in the valleys are colder, accumulate moisture and often freezing, and the stepped surface in areas with lots of rain and fog often prekrivenije of the inhabitants of the valley or on a hill. Huts must be near water sources because it is one of the preconditions of life, especially in situations of survival.
However, as much as preferable to the shelter near the water, it should not be too close to the source for the animals, especially insects. Also, the sound of murmuring water reduces the audibility, ie. Conceals other sounds that can warn of danger (animals, enemy patrols). It is essential that the cover above the line because water levels and dry river beds can be quite sprout during rainy periods. Huts also have to be away from animal dwellings and marking, and particularly to avoid bees, wasps, hornets and brood of snakes, scorpions, spiders and millipedes.
Members of the Australian army learn to prepare a meal from what they find in nature. Instructors their Australian natives, skilled survival in the harshest conditions
It is good if the shelter in a place that allows for clear signaling and use of the device for connection, and one of the most important rules is that the shelter must have hidden routes of entry and exit, which entrance is always masked (especially be careful of your own tracks and ugaženost grass around the shelter ). Valleys, dry riverbeds, etc. Are not suitable due to the accumulation of moisture and cold. Avoid places place individual trees because they are susceptible to lightning strikes. This is especially true for oak, while lightning rarely strikes the fir, spruce and pine, and almost never in beech.
Fire
Fire is essential for survival, especially in winter and in the mountains. When it comes to morality, it is the decisive factor that prevails in survival situations. It is used for heating, food preparation and boiling water, making tools and weapons, for signaling, for the protection of animals (especially of beasts and insects). To stay in the wild are recommended to wear lighter and vodotpornih match in the bag, but the fire may be made from at hand, which is easily found in nature. The fire still burns in a place protected from the wind, and if it does not makes the reflector that directs heat to the reservoir. It takes time, training and attempts to obtain a primitive method of fire without a lighter or match. To save gas and matches it is desirable to light a wax candle which still burns fire.
Most often it is not advisable to light an open flame (due to the proximity of opposing forces), so one can create a hidden fire small scale in the hollow trunk, under dense vegetation, in the country and the like.
Firelighters and inciting: paper, feathers, dust, twigs, bark (the best of birch), resin, wool, dry grass, dried moss, straw, cotton, gunpowder, cones, handkerchiefs soaked in alcohol, gunpowder, animal fat and excrement , seeds, fuel, cloth soaked with gasoline. Wood particularly suitable for Firewood: inner bark, sawdust, fir, oak, spruce, pine, birch, oak, olive trees and vines.
Magnifying lights fire during sunny days, used lenses of glasses, binoculars and rifle scopes, cameras, glass clock, etc. Commercial quartz are very good for creating sparks and burning fire, but if it does it can be improvised from ordinary rock and a metallic object (eg. the upper edge of the blade). Hitting rock metal object produces the spark that lights the material to light it. Friction hard rod on a piece of soft wood, a very large heat-generating grill. The underlying previously carve dimple in length, towards the end of the board to which it is pressed against the material to light it. If you put a little sand, powder or crushed coal into the recess friction will be stronger, resulting in a stronger spark and gaining rapid fire. Friction stick of wood can be accelerated with the help of port. The bow is made of flexible wood and rope (rope, cable ties with shoes). Hollow stone or piece of wood stiffer adheres to stick to all the time standing perpendicular to the surface, and it is pressed down. While spinning, stick a hole in a tree and produces a spark.
Water
In nature can never go without enough fresh water supplies. Just means at least for a day or two more than what we plan to spend in nature. Finding water is a priority during your stay in the wild because the man can survive three days without water.
Uvjiek should ensure sufficient supplies of drinking water
The average person loses two to three liters of water a day and at the lack of water should be reduced physical activity to a minimum, and run them during the day when the temperature is lower, at dusk and dawn. In summer at high temperatures is recommended to perform the work during the early morning, dusk and night, and during the day relax in the shade. To avoid severe stress, strong sun, lying on warm surfaces, smoking, alcohol, superfluous conversation, even when there is no food intake.
Water can be found in the recesses because the water naturally flows to the lowest point in the area (valley, channel, ditch, the bottom of the sinkhole). Water should look for and where the lush green vegetation (ferns, mosses), in holes in the rocks (especially in karts regions), in certain trees with high water content (cacti, bamboo), in dry riverbeds where digging usually lead to water, especially at the outer corners and gravel areas. Animals can serve as indicators of where they can find water.
Mammals, like most animals, always looking for water sources and predators are able to cross the hundreds of kilometers to find them. Birds are usually near some sort of water sources, and their linear and low flight means that they go to the watering hole. Birds of prey are not good indicators because they can not survive very long without water. Reptiles can not help us to identify where there is water for collecting dew and moisture of prey which catches. Bees fly up to 6 km from the hive to the water. Ants often in the column get water. The flies are kept at a hundred meters from some kind of source water.
Filtering water without boiling or disinfection chemicals is only partially purifying the water that can not be done completely harmless to health. The filter can be made from tin cans, plastic bags, cloth, socks, wooden barrels and the like. Water is filtered moss, pebbles, canvas, charcoal, additional payments and sand. Coal is prepared that is well Burned wood quenched with water, coal is washed with water from the ashes, chop it while still wet, and it was dry sieved to separate from impurities.
Water must be boiled for at least ten minutes in order to be usable for drinking. In this way, each treated water found in nature, as rainwater and water from ponds or depressions in the rock in karst areas, melting ice and snow, and the like.
Water disinfection chemicals is a very safe way to purify water from dubious sources without risks to health. Such devices are available in pharmacies and useful it is to have on hand.
Finding and collecting water in the field
The water can be collected and condensation of the branches so that the plastic bag pulled over branches with healthy leaves and firmly tighten it. Evaporation leaves will cause condensation and shrinkage of water at the bottom of the bag. Collection of water from the country is carried out by condensation from the excavated hole width of one meter and depth of half a meter. Container for collecting water put on the bottom of the hole. Cover the hole with nylon to form a cone with the top of the container, and screw the edge of the rocks and soil. Smaller stones put in the middle of nylon to form a cone with its weight. Evaporation of water from the land leads to condensation and shrinkage of water on the walls of nylon that by tilting go into the pan. This method is especially effective in the summer and warm climates. Although people sometimes were forced to drink their own urine to survive, that for health reasons is not recommended. Water can also get snowmelt.
