Catalonia

SolarMother

Dagobah Resident
I found out about this website because I am considering working for the woman who started it years ago but had to stop for personal reasons and now needs help to restart the site. This is an article that comes from her website that has to do with translating Spanish and other languages into English.
http://www.translatingspanish.com/catalan_vs_spanish.php
Even though this site is business oriented, I thought the information about Catalonia, Barcelona and the specifics about the language was fascinating, especially because my mother's family is from Barcelona.

Catalan is not Spanish
and Barcelona is not Spain


How many of us can actually point out Spain, Cataluña or Barcelona on the map?

How many of us think that the primary language in these areas is Spanish?

It's not surprising that many people throughout the world think that these areas of the world speak Spanish as the primary language. We also assume that French is spoken in France and Italian in Italy. However, you might be surprised to find that an estimated 6.7 million people in portions of Spain, France and Italy speak Catalan, a romance language of the Indo-European family.

An additional five million people carry Catalan as a second language. You may also be surprised to find out that although Catalan has many similarities with Spanish, Catalan is not Spanish or any derivative of that language. A visit to Barcelona underlines this point; signs are in Catalan, then in Spanish, and then in English.
Why is Catalan special?

Catalan has roots in Vulgar Latin, not unlike many other languages spoken today. History tells us that the Catalan language first appeared during the 10th century. Catalan developed from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern Pyrenees Mountains, a range of mountains in southwest Europe that form a natural border between France and Spain. Conquests in the 13th century brought Catalan to regions of what is now southern Spain; including Barcelona and Valencia. Catalan suffered several periods of prohibition and repression in the 18th century and use of the language was banned for many years during different political struggles. A period of economic, cultural and national renaissance began during the 19th century and Catalan became the "language of literary culture". The language was then standardized by the publication of spelling rules and grammar in the early 20th century. The use of Catalan was once again banned during the Spanish Civil War and did not return until democracy was restored to these areas in 1975. Since that time Catalan has returned as the official language and has been promoted in business and education by local governments.

History tells us that this language represents much more than just a foreign tongue. Catalan was the language of an oppressed people and of political struggle. Speaking Catalan is now a matter of historic pride and a special tradition for millions of people throughout southwest Europe.
Catalan Today

Catalan is presently the primary regional European language used in politics, education and the media throughout much of southwest Europe. The traditions, the food and the culture all have a different flair than the rest of southwest Europe. The people of Barcelona even take offense when we refer to them as Spaniards.

The table below displays some of the obvious differences between Catalan and Spanish:
Catalan Spanish English
noi muchacho boy
sostre techo ceiling
cadira silla chair
net limpio clean
brut sucio dirty
got vaso drinking glass
terra piso ground
nebot sobrino nephew
taula mesa table
finestra ventana window
dona mujer woman

As you can see, Catalan varies greatly from Spanish. At times word similarities can be recognized in German, Portuguese, Spanish or even English. We all share Latin as the root to many of our words.
Catalan in Business

Barcelona lies in Cataluña, an autonomous region of Spain. Valencia, the Basque Country, and Galicia are also autonomous regions where Catalan is spoken or understood. Since most of the autonomous regions are promoting the use of Catalan in business markets and schools, businesses that offer products and services in Catalan are growing rapidly. These market sectors include biotechnology, information technologies and logistical services.

Even though 11.7 million is an impressive number of possible customers for any business, thousands of products target only the Spanish, French or Italian speaking audiences. Due to the autonomous nature of the Catalan speaking cultures, they distance themselves at every opportunity from everything that might be related to their oppressors. No matter how wonderful your products or services might be, if your products are only presented in Spanish, French or Italian, you may find that these areas of Spain, France and Italy are ignoring you and your products while the competition is taking over these market sectors by offering products in Catalan.

Even the entertainment industry feels the pressure to conform. A popular movie was recently dubbed in Spanish and released to areas where Catalan is spoken. It didn't go as well as the movie producers planned. Had they taken the time to consider the possible 11.7 million customers speaking Catalan and disliking anything Spanish, perhaps they would have invested in a version dubbed in Catalan. Knowledge in this case is truly power. Meeting the expectations of niche clients is playing an increasing role as a driving force in market competition. Understanding that this is a strong and proud audience, it is a good idea to start doing business with Catalonia.

New technologies and business sectors are emerging worldwide. As communication improves, millions of prospective customers are brought closer to you and your business. To bridge the communication gap, your products should be targeted towards the audience. If it is your intention to reach millions of Catalan speaking customers, you should invest the time and energy to market your products or services accordingly.
 
SolarMother said:
I found out about this website because I am considering working for the woman who started it. This is an article that comes from her website that has to do with translating Spanish and other languages into English.

SolarMother,

I do not see a link to the website you mention. Can you edit your post and add a link at the end?

Thanks in advance,
Jordi
 
jordifs said:
SolarMother said:
I found out about this website because I am considering working for the woman who started it. This is an article that comes from her website that has to do with translating Spanish and other languages into English.

SolarMother,

I do not see a link to the website you mention. Can you edit your post and add a link at the end?

Thanks in advance,
Jordi

Sorry about that, I missed that one! http://www.translatingspanish.com/catalan_vs_spanish.php
 
Regarding Catalonia, I remember to have read about the origin of the name. Some theories are interesting, and they include some stories already seen in other areas of the world.

So I searched again for the different theories on the name

_http://www.catalonia.8k.com/

WHERE DO NAMES OF COUNTRIES COME FROM ?

The ancient dilema "...what was first, the egg or the chicken ?" can also be formulated in another situation: "...what was first, the coronimus or the ethnic name ?" , in other words, "do places give name to its inhabitants or is it the other way round ?". The difference here, is that, while the egg/chicken dilema remains unresolved, the coronimus/ethnic dispute has really just one winner : the ethnic name. Human history has proven that this is so in 99% of the cases.

So, bearing in mind that the name of a country is derived from the name of its inhabitants, let's see now, how the various names of countries can be distributed :

a) Names which define the geographical position of the land with respect to a phsycal characteristic attribute: Extremadura, Navarra, Vallès ...etc

b) Names which define the geographical position of the land with respect to another land : Osterreich, Anatolia, Austrasia ...etc

c) Names defined by physical characteristic attributes: lots of ice (Iceland), large forests (Ardenes, Savoia), water flows (Bosnia, Senegal), big mountains (Balcans), natural resources (Costa Ivori, Argentina).

d) Names derived from the inhabitants name which live or lived in that land : Andalusia, France, England, Deutschland ... etc

e) Names derived from an existing place : a city (Potugal, Marroc, Egypt ), a castle (Castilla, Tirol).

f) Names derived from a political resolution: Provença, Palatinat.

g) Finally, names derived from the names of great men or from a dinasty : Lorena, Filipines.

In the case of Catalunya it looks like only cases d) and/or e) would apply.





HOW WAS CATALUNYA NAMED BEFORE ?

The name of Catalunya is documented since 1070, but, how was it named before ? - A variety of other names had been used to name this land:

The romans named it first "Hispania citerior", although some decades later they renamed it for "Tarraconense". The land under this name would comprise todays territory of Catalunya and Aragon.

In 711ac, the arabs invaded the iberian peninsula and they renamed the Tarraconense province with the name "Sarkosta" (Zaragoza). But the fact is that this part of the peninsula was never really under full control by the arabs, which had to face continuous wars with the local people (helped by the Francs). The borders changed from day to day, and this is why the arabs would very often use the word "Afrany" ( arabic word which means "border region to France") when referring to this part of the Iberian peninsula.

During the the IX century, with the start of the "Reconquesta" (the holy war to reconquer the territory occupied by the arabs), the catalan land was the first to recover its territory from the arabs, and for almost two centuries was the only region in the entire iberian peninsula not being under arab accupation. This fact gave the region the name of "Marca Hispanica" (Spanish Mark).

During the XI century, the region saw the growth of some properous countys structured in castles, which lead by the powerful county of Barcelona, defeated the arabs and extended their dominations south, up to the river Ebro. It was during this time (1070), when the people started using the term "Catalunya" for naming this land of countys.



THE THEORIES BEHIND THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME

Various theories have been trying to explain where did the name of Catalunya come from, but only the three summarized here have, in my opinion, some credit to be accepted:

1) The figure of Otger Cathaló

This is the olderst theory and one of the most popular ones , although historians argue that it is not scientifically acceptable since it is based on an unproved assumption : the existence of the legendary figure of Otger Cathaló. According to several historic-literature books from the medieval ages, the great captian Otger Cathaló and its nine barons ( baron of Montcada, of Pinós, of Mataplana, of Cervera, of Cervelló, of Alemany, of Anglesola of Ribelles and of Erill) came from the south of France to fight the arabs in the name of God. After several victories and having pushed the arabs back into the peninsula, the captain died in the siege of Empúries. The loss of the great captain made his army to step back to the Pyrennes mountains where they fortified themselves and asked for help to Carlemany. Some years later, with the help of the King of France, the arabs were expelled from Barcelona and from most of the current territory of Catalunya.

The story of this legend can be clearly read in a manuscrit dated in 1418 which can be found in Valencia's university library.

The army men and the followers of Otger Cathaló were called cathalons, and that's what gave name to the land they conquered: Cathalonia.

From the liguistic point of view this theory is totally acceptable. If we take cathalo and we lose the non-pronunceable "h" we have cataló. And if we think that the sound "ó" of the catalan speaking people of the Roselló (region in the south of the France) is equivalent to the vowel-sound "à" in the rest of the catalan speaking territories, then we will have català, the ethnic and language name. In the case of the name of the country, it is also very easy to think how the name Cathalonia would derive to Catalunya.



2)The name of Catalunya and the Kathalaunic fields

The Kathalaunic fields, located in the Belgium Gal-lia, became famous during the V century for some great battles that were fought on them. Many medieval documents have been found which, for some reason or the other, they reference this place. One of these documents is a manuscrit, dated in the XI century, from a judge of Barcelona named "Bonsom". In this manuscrit we can read "... Theodoricus, rex Francorum, cum esset Kathalaunia ..." (Theodoricus, king of France, coming from Kathalaunia...).

Another important document found, related to this theory, is an Italian chronicle from the XIII century that describes the lengend of Atila marching through Chalons-sur-Marne, previously known as <<Campi Cathalauni>>.

Back in our century, Giulano Bonfante in 1944, wrote an article about the name of Catalunya. The theory he wrote is based on the proven fact that the french army helped the locals to fight and expel the moors from the north east corner of the Iberian peninsula. Bonfante then says that " ... it happened that the soldiers of this french division were all from Chalons-Sur-Marne, previously known as Kathalaunia, and to honour the land they had just conquered they named it with their ancient name: Kathalaunia. In fact, most of this soldiers, having seen the beauty of the weather and the fertility of the land, decided to settle down on it, and became known by the local people as the Kathalauns, which is fonetically identical to Catalans, the current ethnic word for naming the people that live in the land of Catalunya".

Analyzing this theory in more detail, we have to say, that no written proof of any kind has been found to support the first part of the theory : the importance of an event such of giving a name to a land should be reflected in an official document sign by the King of France.

On the other hand, the second part of the theory could very well be the real story, since it satisfies two crucial aspects: firstable it is acceptable from the linguistic point of view, and secondly, it satifies the globally accepted rule which says that "...the name of the inhabitants of a land is first; and it's this name which then gives name to the land".



3)Catalunya: land of castles

This new theory, derived by the historian Balari, is based on the following fact: the enormous amount of castles that were build during the "Reconquesta", the big war to expel the moors from the catalan land. Many historical documents from the XI century describe the necessity of building fortified castles along the conquered land in order to have better defenses against arab counterattacks. Nowadays, most of this castles still exist, and have become a natural part of Catalunya's lanscape.

The fact is, that most of the castles were owned by only a few men. For better organisation, these men would then lend their castles to its vassals; a vassal with a castle was known as a "castellanus". According to Balari, the low level of latin would make this expression to change to "castlanus", with its variants "castlà" and "catlà" . Balari then says, that during the following decades, the people from the border countries like France, knowing that this land was full of "castlanus", started naming its people "catlans". From here, says Balari, it is easy to derive the current ethnic word "catalans".

This theory, although being historically solid, it is not liguistically acceptable. Linguists argüe that, there's not a single case in the history of our language in which the phoneme "st" would end up in "t" by any means. A similar case can be seen in our neighbours land name "Castilla", which still preserves the "s".



4 & 5)Two arabic theories on the origin of Catalunya's name

Lately, some arabic historians have also given their opinions on this matter, and I have to say that it could well be that the origin of the name Catalunya has its roots in the arabic culture. Two main theories have been derived.

The first one, from professor Vernet, is based on the existence of a place named Talunia. Vernet built his theory after having read a book of an arabic geographer named <<Abul-l-Abbas b. Umar b. Anas-al-Udia-al Daloi>> which was born in Almeria in 1002ac. The book is called "Tarsi-al-Ajbar" and is a description of the major walking pathways in the peninsula. One of these paths is the one that joins Saragossa with Lleida, and in its description the following can be read : "... from the city of Zaragoza, up to the city of Lleida, located in the east, there are 117 miles. From Zaragoza to Burch-al-Rumi, 35 miles. From Burch-al-Rumi to Huesca, 12 miles; from Huesca to Talunia, 35 miles; from Talunia to the city of Lleida, 35 miles ...". The problem is that, nowadays, there is no such place named Talunia. The interesting thing, though, is that around the area where Talunia should be, one can find lots of toponims like "Torre de Castro", "Punta de Castro", "el Cascallar", "la Resala", "la Alcantarilla", which indicate a possible previous existence of towers and castles in that area. It is then possible that one of this castles was called Talunia, and then ,since"castle" in arabic is "calà" , and the abbreviated form is "ca", we have that the arabic form of "Castle of Talunia" would be "Ca-Talunia". This would not be the first time that a castle would give name to a land, since we have the examples of Castilla and Tirol.

In any case, this theory has two drawbacks: there is no physical evidence of the existence of this castle and secondly it goes against the globally accepted rule which says that "...the name of the inhabitants of a land is first; and it's this name which then gives name to the land".

The second arab theory, recently derived by Enric Guiter, is, once more, based on the amount of castles that were built, during the X and XI, with the idea of being powerful defenses against arab counterattack wars. According to Guiter, the arabs fighting at the front line would start calling this territory "land of calats" (land of castles), and they called its people, "calatans". In fact, there are many other places in the peninsula which contain the the term "cala" in its name, like Calataiud, Calatrava, Alcala, Calaceit ...etc. As part of his study, Guiter asked 1000 students from the Montpeller University to repeat the word "Calataiud". Surprisingly, around 70% of the students said "Catalaiud" instead of "Calataiud".

Guiter concludes his theory by saying that in those times, very few people could read and write, and most of the knowledege was passed from father to son by word of mouth; therefore it is very possible that the word "calatans", by confusion, and by word to mouth, became "catalans".

This theory, could well be the right one, since it is liguistically acceptable, it has a historical background and the ethnic name appears first, hence satisfying the globally accepted rule. However it has one drawback : a conqueror sets the name of its defeated enemy's land ; not the other way round.


CONCLUSION

The controversy about the origin of the name "Catalunya" has been going on for ages, and still no one has been able to prove that this theory or that theory is the right one. This document just tries to offer you the chance to think about this interesting and unresolved matter.

If I had to choose between these five theories, I would probably go for theory number two, the one about the "Kathalaunic fields". But what about you ? which theory do you think could be the right one ?

They didn't include the possibility of the name deriving from Visigoths, through the name Gothalania:

_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia#Etymology

Another theory suggests that Catalunya (Latin Gathia Launia) derives from the name Gothia (or Gauthia), "Land of the Goths", since the Spanish March was first known as Gothia, whence Gothland > Gothlandia > Gothalania > Catalonia theoretically derived.

Yet another less accepted theory points to the Lacetani, an Iberian tribe that lived in the area and whose name, due to the Roman influence, could have evolved by metathesis to Katelans and then Catalans

There was another tribe in ancient (pre roman) Catalonia called 'Castelani', even more similar to the current name of that region, though strangely it sounds even much closer to Castilia, the big central area of Spain.

catalcastell.jpg


30371158988005213028.gif


The name of the origin of many areas and countries must have been distorted on purpose by the PTB as another tool to manipulate the masses.

SolarMother said:
I found out about this website because I am considering working for the woman who started it years ago but had to stop for personal reasons and now needs help to restart the site. This is an article that comes from her website that has to do with translating Spanish and other languages into English.
http://www.translatingspanish.com/catalan_vs_spanish.php
Even though this site is business oriented, I thought the information about Catalonia, Barcelona and the specifics about the language was fascinating, especially because my mother's family is from Barcelona.

Catalan is not Spanish
and Barcelona is not Spain

It seems that Catalan was influenced much more by Occitan (and on a lesser extent French) than by Spanish or any other latin language. Some even consider it a Langue D'Oc, or a direct derivative. Even before the romans, those lands seem to have been much more in contact with Acquitanians, Ligures, Gauls, etc., through the pyrenean areas. And even in middle ages, it was culturally very linked to Occitania (same with Aragon). Including the Cathars, troubadours, courtly love.

[Edit: :oops: I couldn't fix the seize of the first image. The original seize is here, where the name of the tribe Castelani can be seen: _http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Northeastern_Iberians ]
 
Ramon Llull (Catalan pronunciation: [rəˈmoɲ ˈʎuʎ], 1232[1] – June 29, 1315) (Anglicised Raymond Lully, Raymond Lull, in Latin Raimundus or Raymundus Lullus or Lullius) was a Majorcan writer and philosopher. He wrote the first major work of Catalan literature. Recently-surfaced manuscripts show him to have anticipated by several centuries prominent work on elections theory. He is sometimes considered a pioneer of computation theory, especially given his influence on Gottfried Leibniz. Llull is well known also as a glossator of Roman Law.

Below I present here an introduction to the figure of Ramon Llull and some curiosities in the history of Catalonia. Some information in this article may not be strictly scientific and belong to the legendary story.
source: http://ghostchild.org/a/ramon-llull-i-la-cabala-catalana_post198.html


Ramon Llull is in direct relation with the catalan cabala and its teachings. We will make an exposure of his biography for placing him in a historical, cultural and geographical context.

The biography of Ramon Llull is enigmatic. It is not known completely when it was born. The date of 1232 and the place of Mallorca is commonly accepted . The Llull were a rich family, well related with the Catalan nobility.

Genealogically, Ramon Llull belonged to the family of the Erill. This family was one of 9 that went to the call of the legendary and mythical Otger Cataló and also the one that constructed the Romanesque churches of Santa Maria de Taüll and other of the valleys of the Pyrenees.

The Romanesque art, born in Catalan lands, how it explains Alexandre Deulofeu, was the first art of the European unit. The Romanesque art and the catalan cabala were born in the same place.

We have said that Llull was from the saga of the Erill and that these were one of the families that went with Otger Cataló. Who was Otger Cataló? Otger Cataló, is a legendary lieutenant of the German emperor Carlomagno, and become Catalan myth because after the defeat of the Catalan troops in hands of the Saracens, he took refuge in a cave of the mountain where adog nourished him; after the wounds were cured he made a call and he summoned the 9 Lords of the Land, with whom leaving from the monastery of the black virgin of N.S of Montgrony, reconquered the Catalan lands and reconstituted the catalanism.

This myth has a cabalystic interpretation. One of the 9 barons one was called "Erill", another was called "German". The Germans have been always beside the vernacular cause of the Catalan Countries and of the culture of Catalan language. Llull and Gaudí, among others, are catalan figures admired and recognized in Germany.

The parents of Ramon Llull lived in Barcelona -some biographers say that they were from Mataró (I·luro for the íbers)- and they went to Mallorca accompanying Jaume I the Conqueror (considerated for some medievalists historians like encarnament of the mythical King Arthur, and also a cabalist, with the title of King of Jerusalem).

To the reconquered territories to the Muslims, Jaume I gave it the category of reins, such it is the case of Kingdom of Valencia, Kingdom of Lleida, Kingdom of Mallorca....

Ramon Llull was a troubadour and a kind of tutor or cultural advisor of the prince Jaume who was the future King of Mallorca with the title of Jaume II to the death of Jaume I. Ramon Lull was then a person with culture. On an occasion he won a prize of poetry in Barcelona and received some Floral Sets. The Floral Games had been instituted in Barcelona, capital of Catalonia, by the King Joan I the "Loving one of the Kindness" the year 1393.

This Floral Games or of Gaia Science have been suppressed along the times due to spanish political situations.

The political situations that have forbidden them and have been against, have been political situations that have wanted to impose the culture of Spanish language in the name of centralist conception of Spain that they favor in Madrid and defavor the nations of the Iberian Peninsula that manifest themselves with vernacular languages, how it is the case of the Catalan Countries, the Galician Countries, and the Basque Countries, and also the lost betic league who lived in the territories today called Andalucia, Extremadura and Murcia, the Betics Countries.

After having been forbidden in Catalonia, the Floral Games were returned in year 1859 again. A great poet won them in this new stage, Jacint Verdaguer. The author of the epic poems "Canigó" and the "Atlantida".

The Floral Games or of the Gaia Science were proclaimed originally by a group of troubadours in the cathedral of Toulouse of Llenguadoc (Occitània) in the presence of the image of Our Virgin of the Golden One. The name of Gaia makes reference to the God of the Earth.

Fulcanelli, pseudonym of a famous alchemist like Ramon Llull, in the titled book "The mystery of the cathedrals" says that the cathedrals, especially the Gothic cathedrals, are really open books that teach the same culture than the pyramids of Egypt and the temples of Greece.

The cathedrals are the characteristic religious buildings of the Middle Ages and they were constructed in the centuries to give cult to the images of the black virgins.

The black virgins were compared to the god Isis of Egypt and to the god Artemisa of Greece, all them of black color. The images of the black virgins represent - in cabalistic terms - the sefirah of Binah in the diagram of the Tree of the Life. Fulcanelli, tells us that there is "an original language" and that to find it people have to search in the cabalístic origin of the word more "than in its literal meaning". we can deduce that "there is an esoteric language inside the structural language".

This "argotic league", is the language that used the mythical argonauts in the ship Argos. This language is also called the "league of the birds".

This language is what Jesucrist reveals to its Apostles when he tells them that they will speak it when they have been born from above.

The language of the ones born of above means "the ones born of the Spirit" or "Ein Sof", it is the language that in cabalístic language is called "tiferetic language". Some traditions also call it the "language of the birds".

The language of the ones that are born of the meat and the blood, so it is, genealogically (of the ethnic or racist genes) it is the language that in cabalístic language is called "yesodic language".

In this belief is based itself ALL the Christian teachings of the "gift of languages", being the gift that instills the Saintly Spirit to the Christians in such a way that they speak in the vernacular language of each place and therefore this is the meaning of the -catholic adoption - celebration of the Pasqua de Pentecostes (Easter). This was the party in that the troubadours like Ramon Llull went to the castles to concern in their exploits and recite their poems.

Ramon Llull, cabalist and Christian wrote in Catalan language. Like this made it the troubadours, also in Occitania and the Provença, while the Catholic official authorities preached only in Latin and not in vernacular language.

This language used by troubadors teached the mystery of all the things and, what is essential, teaches the deepest truths.

During the Middle Ages, this esoteric language or language of the gods, was known also with the name of Gaia Science or Bright Knowledge.

The Bright Knowledge, or catalan language, was introduced on the countries that were called "Gotland" that means "Land of the Gods" which it were the countries surrounding the Pyrenees mountains, were the vernacular languages were spoken (Basque, Occitan, Catalan and Provençal). French and Spanish were not spoken.

In the cathedral of Toulouse of Llenguadoc, devoted to the cult of the black virgin, is placed the "Golden One", a black virgin, in whom the troubadours and the Cathars and cabalistic people constituted the Floral Games.

The Floral Games have been a cultural demonstration of Catalonia in Catalan language. The Occitan language, the Provençal language, the Basque language, they have been "gaiatan" vernacular languages. The international Castilian, known as "spanish language", has ever not been it. On the contrary, it has been used to impose and erase them, to forbid them and to destroy its creative work.

E. C. Agrippa, advising German cabalist of the Emperor of Europe, Carles I of Germany wrote in his book "De Oculta Philosofa, De Vanitate Scientarum Declamatio, In artem breuen Raimundi Lulii commentaria you Tabula Abreuiatta, Orationes you Epistolae" chapter LXXIV titled "Proportion, and correspondence and reduction in the letters in the celestial signs and planets": "God is the word the humans divided in different languages, each one with its characters of writing, with its own order, number and figure, orderly, not to the the random or at will of the man, but according to the harmonic disposition with the celestial bodies. Of all the known languages, the Hebrew language is the holiest"

The book of E.C. Agrippa "natural and magic" has been translated into the Castilian with the title of "Hidden philosophy". They have deprived it of the name of "Ramon Llull" that came out in the original title. There are Spanish publishing companies that erase the names that make reference to the catalanism and to the catalan authors.

This hostility of Spain towards Catalonia, is related with the contents and the familiarity of the Catalan culture, as vernacular culture, with the culture of the cabala.

The book of E.C. Agrippa, supporter of the Great Art of Ramon Llull, continues saying: "Written (The Hebrew language) first in the headquarters of God, that it is the heavens, and following the position of the stars, the Hebrew letters are full of celestial mysteries, its figure and meaning as well as for that they refer to the numbers makes it contain the harmony that they guard among it. According to the Origins Theory, the names translated into another language do not preserve its origin" quite a lot lose its signification and naturalistic composition, its natural activity. The names imposed arbitrarily, without scientific/cabalistic basis, do not have natural activity "They are like "being disconnected".

"Who is capable of sorting and combining its letters correctly- suggests E.C. Agrippa - in any other language will be capable of Create".

Given that the cabala was born on Occitan, Provençal and Catalan lands and culture, it makes sense to think that these languages (languages familiarized because linguistic trunks are shared) are languages made by qualified persons to sort and to combine the letters correctly.

On the other hand, Ramon Llull - considerated the father of the Catalan language, given that he was cabalist, teacher in Bright Knowledge and creator of the Combinatory Method based in the cabalístic Tree of the Life - made the Catalan language with the cabalista criterion of "to sort and to combine correctly the letters" to give to the Catalan language a creative and living aspect, a tiferetic language. This universal language is the connection with "the natural activity" that emanates of the Ein Sof.

At present the Gaia Theory, inspired in the Origins principle that the "earth is a living organization" has been popularized for the scientist James Lovelock and it has many supporters, environmentalists, especially in the USA.

This poetic contests about the Gaia Science, in that the words have a hidden meaning and a determinate rhyme is based on the numbers, is based in the sefirotic system of the Tree of the Life and in the science of the cabala.

Denis de Rougemont in his book "The Love to Occident", the troubadours were Cathars.

The Cathars, who were known also with the name of Albigensian Christians and are considered Arian Christians like the Visigoths by some historians, were cabalists. The troubadours were also related with the black virgins, and these were related with to the cabala; in particular with the sefirah of "Binah".

Ramon Llull visited the cave where the image of the black virgin of Our Woman of Loving Stone (Verge de Rocamador) was found. The name of this Occitan black virgin is very clear in cabalistic language. The black virgins make reference to the sefirah of "Binah" of the Tree of the Life.

This sefirah has two demonstrations; one of them suggests "Wet nurse" the other one is called "Aima". "Ama" is the etymological root of the "loving" toponym and of catalan surnames like "Amat (Loved)" and "Amador (Loving)".
Rocamador (Stone Loving), that in French ("Rocamadour") has no sense, in Catalan and in Occitan (troubadour languagess) means: "Roc" means "stone"; "Ama", or "wet nurse", in cabalístic language means "black" with regard to the sefirah of "Binah"; "Dor" in Catalan means "made of gold" and in Hebrew and cabalístic language it makes reference to the "light" of the knowledge.

"Binah", in cabalístic language, is "the force of the delivery" in all types and levels and it also means "giving birth". This is: "where the idea is brought about that coming from the Ein Sof, it deposits in Kether and after becomes visible in Chockmah, who is the Father, it is brought about, - it materializes -" in Binah that it "is the Mother", the Great Mother Earth, that is visualized completely covered of black from the head to the "feet".

We have mentioned the Catalan king Joan I, establisher of the Floral Games in Barcelona, which was called "Loving of the Kindness". Given that he was a troubadour, this word, "Loving" being a cabalístic word that makes reference to the sefirah of Binah in the aspect of "Wet nurse".

The cabala speaks us about a sefirah called "Binah" that is visualized through the black color; the Muslims of the Islam have the black stone of the Kaaba. Christian black virgins and black stone of the Islam they have a thing in common: they are both an object of pilgrimages. Can the language of the cabala establish a bridge of dialog among Jews, Christians and Muslims? I believe that it is possible.

Three Catalans have played the lead in this dialog. Ramon Llull promoted the dialog with the Muslims with his cabalístic and Christian method. Anselm Turmeda became Muslim and adopted the name of Ab allah Targuman (Targum is the name with which cabalístics documents coming from Palestina are known) and he was considerated "saint" for the Muslims. Bonastruc ça Porta (Isaac the Blind) was cabalist and set up the School of the Soul in Girona.

Ramon Llull, married to Blanca Picany and had two sons: a girl called Margarida and a boy called Domènec.

When he was 30 years old had a vision of Jesucrist while he wrote a song for a lady, as a troubadour, and he became a mystic, a person who has direct contact with the divinity. He left the woman and the sons and, going to the mountain of Randa in Mallorca, went to live as a hermit. He lived solitary, meditating during some years. After some time, he wrote books about the contemplation of God and invented a system to talk mathematically, found for him in the nature, and inspired by God. This system had to serve everybody, especially the Jew religions, Muslim and Christian, in the Truth, to fraternize

He gave the name of Art to this system. The book is called THE ART OF FINDING THE TRUTH and is known also with the name of the system that is THE GREAT ARS in Latin, and that can be translated into the Catalan for: "The Great Art", a way to refer to the "knowledge more importing of the world": The knowledge of Truth.

THE ART OF FINDING THE TRUTH
"Is a mechanized system of reasoning". This mechanized system of reasoning, in so far as it was founded in a symbolic conception of the shared reality for the Christians, the Muslims and the Jews - the three monotheistic religions -, had to allow - according to Llull -, the members of these different religions to talk about the truths of the faith, not from arguments of the respective authorities, but through "necessary reasons".

The academicians - scholastic in time of Ramon LLull - did not agree on following this system or path. Today, the same situation is lived. It does not take the dialog to us to the communion in the common sense of the Truth. The Truth does not make us free nor twins because nobody agrees on describing what is the Truth. And, on the other hand, there are political powers which does not interest them in the Truth but in their power in the lie.

The method of reasoning of Llull is valid also in our times. According to Francesc Hillocks, - General Concept of the Catalan Science -, the education of this "art", of this path, is part of the international mission that has Catalonia in front of all the peoples of the Earth. Among other things, because it is trhough this path that peoples can arrive at the true peace, which is, the peace based on the respect for everybody. Over dogmas and doctrines, of races and social classes, of nations and regions, the human beings feel brothers in a reasonable way, dialoging without rejecting to change of opinion when the other one shows us its part of the Truth that we all share.

"The system of reasoning of Llull - the Art -, was a hermit-like intuition. "The Art mixes combinatorily, the objects of the reason, the concepts (Represented in symbolic letters) from the reading of the natural mixture of the elements (water, fire, earth|land and air)."

Are taken into account the three level: Divine, Spiritual and Material, and the three principles: Truth, Kindness and Beauty. These combinations, correlate also with the colors, the musical notes (Llull was a troubadour), the stars, etc. Due to the utilization of combinations, Llull was the first computer specialist of the history. So, Llull, is related with the computer science.

Of combinations, in a basic way there are three classes: Square (4 figures), Triangular (3 figures) and Circles (9 figures).

It would be an example of square combination or table - of 4 elements:

The elements - Air, Fire, Water and Earth placed in the vertex of the square.

(The cabalistes make these combinatories of 4 elements from the 4 letters of the name of God, the Tetragramma, - IHVH -)

Nostradamus was son of the Catalan man called "Jaumet", also also used 4 verses - quatretes - in his predictions).

Outside this square, there is another square in the vertex of the small one. In the vertices of the big one we place the principles of the mentioned elements:

Hot, Cold, Humid and Dry.

Ramon Llull bases all his Art of finding the truth on combinatories.

The first combinations that he makes are "quaternaries".

B Memory
C understanding or Common Sense
D loving Will
E Acts on BCD vertices


F Memory
G understanding or Common Sense
H disloving Will
A Acts on FGH vertices



K forgetting Memory
L Ignoring or lack of Common Sense
M loving or disloving Will
N Acts on the KLM vertices


O Composts of BFK
P Composts of CGL
Q Composts of DHM
R Composts of OPQ



The 4 letters of the cabalistes derive from all combinatories were the 4 letters of the name of Jahvé: IHVH (Iod, Have, you Go, He). These 4 letters are known with the name of Tetragrammaton.

The Tetragrammaton is represented symbolically with 4 red poles in a golden background: the Catalan flag. This flag has the symbolic name of "Senyera", and it means "wisdom"

The Tetragrammaton can be used in all sciences. We find them in the cosmos, in the nature and in the human body. On many occasions we use them in an unaware way when we speak or we reason with wisdom.

The 4 elements are not essences, but states of combination. They are the result of some proportions.

This is deduced from the reality. It proposes a metaphysical question to us: What is the Being and what is the Reality? What there is out of the reality? The essence is the Truth, but the Reality is only a perception, it is not the that Him.

This art not only give us answers, but makes us bring up questions.

This is the one that Llull calls the Scale (Stair) of the Creation, he conceives the thought as a shadow, a wall, a demeanor among the event and the perception, among the reality and the catchment that we make of her.

Regarding the triangular combinatories - of three elements -, he made them tying letters that represented concepts.

For example, the letter T represented God, Operation, Creature. It is related, if combined, with other concepts or adjectives:

Difference, Setback, Concordance,

Beginning, Medium, End

Senior, Equal, Minor

Affirmation, Negation, Doubt

Regarding the combinatories of 9 elements - the circles or wheels -, he circumcised capital letters and names of the attributes of God.

(This is precisely what also the cabalists make with the tree of the Knowledge and the 4 names of God)
These attributes correspond in the sefiroth of the Tree of the Knowledge. 9 are used because of the combinatories. The number One is not used because it represents "I".

Cabalistic attributes are: Welfare (Spirit), Wisdom, Common Sense, Pity, Power, Beauty, Feelings, Thoughts, Subconscious, Needs (Material).

To the spirit (Kindness) corresponds the white color or blue sky, to the wisdom the lilac color, to the common sense the deep blue color, to pity the blue color, to the power the red color, to the beauty (balance, Self-Supervision) the yellow color, to the feelings the green color, to the thought the orange color, to the subconscious the blue color, to the needs (Matter|Subject, carnal Passions) the black color.

Everything has correspondence with the cosmos, the earth and the parts of the human body. At the three levels there are doors or points of contact with the other upper levels and subordinates.

(The Templars looked for determinate geographical places to install churches, monasteries, castles and cities there. They say also that there are relations between these points and the megalithic monuments. This combinatory, configures a geopolitical map of astrologic nations).

The cabalists say "emanation". All what there is in the Creation, emanates of God. All these arguments remember the teachings of the cabala by which the diagram of the Tree of the Knowledge is based on.

Any phenomenon of the Creation, due to emanating or flowing of God, had to behave according to a combination of these mentioned. The combinatories were mathematics, logic, algebra, geometria... the concept of God would be that God is a great mathematician.

To find the truth of any question, it is only necessary to reduce it and to compare it to a combination of these attributes.

If it is not done like this, it means that the deduction or proposal is false, since it is not according to the structure of God nor of its reflection, the Universe.

The attributes and the relationships can apply to 9 subjects: God, Angels, Sky, Elements, Humans, Animals, Vegetals, Minerals and Matter.

Putting the 9 representative letters in two concentric circles and making it to turn, he obtained all combinations in couples.

To obtain the combinations from 3 in 3 he made it both with 3 concentric circles making turn from inside. Also he put triangles and squares in the circles there. This gave him combinations of three in three and four by four.

The Trinity - the triangle - and the square (Tetragamma, 4 stick ,4 letters of the name of God), were fundamental.

The light is not only a perceivable thing, but also something with which we see every thing. The pure being is light and spirit, the body is darkness; when they both are joined the form is born.

In the year 1289 he returns to the city of Montpeller, and made more accessible to people a reduction in the Art of Finding of the Truth. We know this art with the name of Abbreviated Art of finding the Truth.

The aspects of the Art are summarized in 5 points:

1.-Reduction to 4 figures; the fourth comes off compound as a general of 3 circles. In the course of the years these sleep rules complimented on rulers and questions.

2.-Reduction of the attributes or divine dignity in 9: Kindness, Greatness, Eternity, Power, Wisdom, Will, Truth and Gloria

3.-Reduction and unification of the alphabet; he uses only 9 letters and he distributes all meanings that will be used in them.

4.-Explanation of all the possible comminatory in a General Table (the amount of combinations are 1.680)

5.-Writing of the questions or rulers and the subjects. In the first case it is a matter of introducing the questions that in the Aristotelian philosophy introduce the predicaments in the mechanism of the Art and that in this system it have a purpose in the elaboration of the definition.


The subjects are the serialization in a closed list, of all the possible matters, they are specified in: God, the angels, the sky, the soul, the imaginative one, the sensitive one, the vegetative one, the elementative.

After meditating and writing in the Majorcan mountain of Randa, he went down from the mountain and he dedicated himself to explaining to the universities and the courts of Europe, Asia and Africa and to the Popes of the Vatican his Art.

In this sense, the biography of Llull remembers the biography of Buddha or Zaratrustra, and other great spiritual teachers, who after living in the mountain isolated and meditating in a cave and under a tree, find the light and go down to explain it to the rest of the human beings. The cave has its cabalístic symbolism that makes reference to the inner world and the tree makes reference to the Tree of the Life.

He set up monasteries like that of Miramar in Mallorca. He traveled to Barcelona, Montpeller, Girona, Paris, Tunisia, Gènova, and several places. He always preached at university and ecclesiastical churches - Christian, Jewish and Islamic Muslims.

The biographers tell us that he preached using three languages, the Catalan, the Latin and the Arab. It seems that to convince to the Jews he would also have to use the Jew. In Mallorca there was a lot of Jews that spoke Catalan. However, determinate anti-cabalists powers have wanted to erase all signals that they relate to Ramon Llull with the Christian cabala.

He was going to visit the cave of the black virgin of N.D. of "RocAmaDor (Loving stone)" in Occitània, near l'Albi, the capital city of the Cathars, and he visited the caves of black virgins nearby N.D. of Lluch in Mallorca, and also the black virgin of Montserrat and the black virgin the Mercè (Mercy) in Barcelona.

But in his biography there are 9 years unknown. 9 years of initiation in an unknown place. It is not known what he made in that time nor where he was. If it is known, is not said.

He died in the year 1315. His grave is in the church of Sant Francesc de Palma de Mallorca.

Everybody agrees: he was Catalan, he was troubadour, he was Christian, wrote the Art, a system of finding the Truth talking mathematically and with logic... we have a biography of Ramon Llull accepted by everybody. But there are different analyses, and contradictory interpretations.


COMPARISONS OF THE WORK OF RAMON LLULL AND THE HEBREW CABALA

1. - The definition of the Art
The definition of the Art, the Art of finding the Truth, is the following one: The Art is a system of reasoning that can be demonstrated mathematically. The cabala can also describd in this way.

2. - The symbolism of the 4 stages of life
His life had 4 deliveries:
The mundane one (Courtly troubadour until 30 years).
The solitary one (Hermit in a cave on top of a mountain)
The intellectual (Writer of book and in particular of the Great Art)
The missionary (Journeys and public witness)

We can take a look at his life in a different way, analyzing the environment. The circumstances that surround a person are important to describe it, and many times bring us, for the "intuitive logic" those pieces that we lack to recompose the "puzzle".

Llull was a Christian, not a Catholic. The Catholics have made several interpretations of the Faith and have changed of opinion along the years according to criteria approved of in several councils. Ramon Llull suffered very fierce inquisitorial control by the inquisitor Arnau Eimerich. The Catholic Church has not made him saint. It has only made him "lay brother".

3. - The relation of Llull with the nature
As a Christian, Llull, had a lot present what Jesucrist said: I am the path, the Truth and the Life. The good truth will make us free. The life of Ramon Llull adapted itself to this outline. The Art of Finding the Truth is the path that Ramon Llull opened us. However, he found the Law of God observing the nature. It was not invented. Also we find these relationships or correspondences with the nature in the cabala.

Everybody can walk this path. What do we need to make? He teaches us: The Tree, the Scale, the Deed, and the Combinatory of the names or letters.

4. - Coincidence of the symbols in Lull's thought and the symbols of the cabala

The Tree
The Scaler of the Knowledge or Intellect
The importance of the writing
The 4 names of God
The technique of the combinatory
The geometric figures: Triangulation, quadratures and circles


The cabala also uses these symbols and these methodologies. The cabala uses the combinatory of letters.

Is The Art of Llull a cabalístic system?

The lullian symbols are:
The Tree
The Scale
The 4 names of God
The writing as a means of to be in touch and to make path with God.

Thee symbols of the cabala:
The Tree of the Knowledge (of the Life or of the Wisdom)
The Scale of Jacob
The Tetragramma (The 4 letters of the name of God)
The writing is holy: God constructs the world with the Verb and the Word, the language... The Devil to destroy the Work of God, destroys its languages.

Jaume I populated Mallorca with Cathars (Gabriel Alomar Esteve, "Càtaros y occitanos en el Reino de Mallorca"). The family of Ramon Llull went in Mallorca with Jaume I. Llull was a Cathar and therefore Christian Albigensian?

We should analyze and would have to seek what these things and these concepts mean all and would have to penetrate, in its circumstances, also:

- The cabala was born in the Provença
- The Templars
- Llull was of Catalan-Provençal dynasty
- Llull was a Troubadour
- He made pilgrimages in places where there are black virgins
- The European empire was then favorable to the vernacular nations
- Saint Benet and the Benedictine monasteries where there was cult to black virgins
- Saint Bernat and the order of Cluny
- Construction of Monasteries
- Construction of Cathedrals
- Fights with the Islam to reconquer Jerusalem and to impose a cultural conception
- Black plague....
- Appointment in Casp...
- Dynasty of the Trastámara de Castilla...
- Destruction of the culture of the cabala and determinate vernacular nations like Catalonia, Occitània, Scotland, Llombardia...
- Success of States like Italy, France, Spain and Great Britain....
- Some new languages prevail as officers and other come off exiled and they are an object of destruction.
- The cabala is buried and distorted, slandered and proscribed.

New nations with non vernacular languages have spent centuries and the world has not found the peace. The cabalístic language and the Vernacular Peoples Order have to be returned based on its values: Truth, Love and Justice. This means that the States like Spain and France, were born when the cabala was buried, and that they will be buried when the cabala succeeds again.

5. - The Book of the Order of Cavalry and the Sefer Yetzirah
The Book of the Order of Cavalry is the place were Llull introduces his doctrine in a narrative frame, and it is divided or distributed in 7 deliveries.

In the "prologue" he explains to us: "Coming from the 7 planets, we are Celestial Corsicans and we govern the Earthly Corsicans; we separate this Book from Cavalry in 7 part to demonstrate that we the knights have honor and lordship about the people of Heavens to defend them".
In "Sefer Yetzirah", the Book of the Training" (IV, vi), he teaches the postulates of the cabala and he sugests the following: "Having been the 7 consonants, double powers were stablished, combined, weighing for God, and formed the 7 planets and the 7 levels of the world..."

These 7 planets of the world are those that are represented in the 7 arms of the Menorah in the Jewish culture of the cabala.

6. - The symbolism of the grave of Ramon LLull.
Llull died in Mallorca in 1316 at 84 years of age. His grave is placed in the church of Saint Francesc of the city of Palma de Mallorca. His grave has some symbolism: 14 angels hold 7 crowns with the name of one "Art" in each one.

Suspiciously, an Art is lacking: the philosophy! A considerated very important Art of Ramon Llull is lacking!, precisely the Art for finding the Truth.

14+7 = 11 This figure does not have any cabalistic meaning. If we add the philosophy we have 14+8= 22 This figure represents the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet.

In the grave we can see him with a cylinder of white marble in which it is recorded the cabalistic symbols:
1. 2. 3. - 4. 5. 6. - 7. 8. 9. - 10

Some authorities that do not want to relate Ramon Llull with the cabala nor neither with the interpretation that can be made of the evangelic message of Jesucrist through the cabalístic criterion, do not want to admit that the inscription of this symbol in the Llull's grave was an idea of Llull himself. Which is the meaning of this symbol?

The numbers refer to the 10 sefiroth that integrate the diagram of the Tree of the Knowledge, also called the Tree of Life or the Tree of Wisdom, in Catalan.

The 10 sefiroth make reference to the 10 attributes of God. God manifests in emanation that are represented in the Tree from top to bottom. Upward the Spirit is found and the Matter is found downward.

Those attributes are called also "perfection", due to the nature of the object - God - to wich they are being related.

The 10 attributes summarizes the idea of God. The human being, when acquire - let's also say "to embody" - this ten perfection skills becomes "perfect".

(The last attribute of perfection is in the sefirah called Kether, and it is on the base of the reason why the Albigensian Christians -Cathars- were called "the perfect ones". The name of Catalonia comes etymologically of the same base than the Cathars.

Remember that Catalonia and Occitània are part of a country that was known with the name Gothland (Land of the Gods. In Catalan language "God" ("Déu") and "ten" ("deu") are written in the same way).

This 10 attributes or perfection applies to the perfection of the metals. What the alchemists say it was the trans-substance of the matter is to convert the silver into gold.

Llull in his writings speaks about the scale of silver and about the scale of gold. The Big Work is to change the lead of the helly/infernal Saturn in the gold of the celestial Sun.

Llull and Arnau de Vilanova - the shield of which is significantly cabalistic - would exchange some knowledge. The biographers who have obtained the approval from the official authorities, deny these relations and arguments.

Ramon Rosselló is one of the few historians who accept it and defend it. Those who believe that Llull tried to obtain the "filosofal stone" are many.

Llull was a hermit but, when he left the cave, he teached in a lot of Universities, in some courts of important Kings and to the Popes, more than even in the villages.

He was obsessed on converting Muslims to the Christian faith.

However: Which Christian faith? The answer: the Christian faith that the teachings of the Hebrew cabala are based on.

Llull wrote 250 books about all sciences. Of all these books, the best known are 7. Not too much know the rest. Perhaps because they are the most cabalistic, strange and esoteric.

7. - Moshe Idel, the Israel expert of the cabala and Ramon LLull

The Catalan cabalistic "sefiroth" contributed to stimulating the Llull's "dignity", the attributes of the divine nature.

In the Catalan cabala, the first "sefirah"- Kether, or the Crown -, it is also to the last cause of every being.

For the rabbi, and great Catalan wise man, Moshés well Nahmán (Nahmànides, or Bonastruc ça Porta, or Isaac the Blind), Kether was an entity not created, and the cause of the other "sefiroth"; It means "dignity", according to the used terminology in the language of Ramon LLull.

Moshe Idel, demonstrates that the cabalists from Girona (Catalonia) transmitted the secret doctrine of Nahmànides of the "Kavod" or "Glory" to Llull with the alternative name of "Kether". Kether is Glory, Kether is Dignity.

The Jewish literature has been written in a diversity of languages, among them, the "yiddish". The "yiddish" was destroyed by Adolf Hitler (in Poland) in the same period that Franco (1936) attempted to destroy the Catalan language.

In the Hebrew literature it is said that a Rebirth will be done in "Iberia", and at the same time in Jersualem. It is important to add a comment in this sentence, because when common people think about Iberia they use to refer to Spain. But this is not the mental pattern of hebrew literature.

Like already I have mentioned at first, Iberia had the culture of the cabala due to Catalan people, Iberia is related with the "land of Hebrews", and it applies commonly to the northern side of the peninsula, were Catalonia and Basque and Galizia countries are.
When in 1492, the Catholic Kings made "the Spanish constitution", they imposed the Spanish language as only official language, they wanted to destroy the culture of the cabala that was living in the Iberian languages, among these, in the Catalan language. Also, in the Basque language, in the Galician language, in the bètica language and in the Bable language of the kingdom Astur-Leon.

We remember Moshe of "Leon", in the Kingdom Astur-Leon, writing the cabalistic book "The Zohar" when Spain still not existed. Moshe de Leon was not Spanish, nor the village of "León" was in Spain. Spain was constituted for pursuing and annihilating the culture of the cabala. The Spanish language of Castilla is not correct to Give the cabala teachings, because is not a valid vernacular language to transmit it, but a tiferethic language.

The betic language of the mytical city of Tarsis is at present not recognized for the inhabitants of Andalusia and Extremadura (Betics Countries). In which language did the cabalistes of the Kingdom of Granada and the Caliphate of Cordoba wrote before the Spanish language was imposed in the name of Catholic Spain in 1492? They wrote in Hebrew, but also, in betic language.

The "Spain idea" was born to react against the Jews and to the culture of the cabala. It is necessary to analyze the history for noticing it.


RAMON LLULL AND THE NATIONALISM IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA, IN EUROPE AND INTERNATIONALLY

In the book "De Oculta Philosofa, De Vanitate Scientarum Declamatio, In artem breuen Raimundi Lulii commentaria Tabulates Abreuiatta, Orationes Epistolae" written by E.C. Agrippa (1485-1535), a German that was at the service of the Catalan kings of the Crown of Aragó and Provença, advisor of the European emperor Charles I of Germany, gives an explanation of how the borders should be outlined among the nations of Europe with regard to astrological criteria. Some criteria that can be justied cabalistically.

Once again we find the relationship among Catalan cabalists or disciple of Catalan cabalists and emperors of Europe of German origin: Guifré el Pelós with Charles el Calb, Otger Cataló with Carlomagno, Arnau de Vilanova with Frederic Hohenstaufen, Llull a with E.C. Agrippa and Charles I...

In the chapter XXXI of the mentioned book we can read the following: "Distribution of the kingdoms and provincies in the planets: The universe with different regions and provinces, is distributed in planets and signs. In Saturn with Capricorni corresponds to Macedonia, Tracia, Iliria, India, Arian or Arriana and Gordiana"... Jupiter with Sagitari correspond to Toscana, Celtica, Hispania and Arabia..."

This is a criterion to apply the nationalistic criterion, having into account that astrology has in its basis that everything is in motion. This is the criterion that applies to understand the vernacular nationalism.

Behind this criterion we find a concept of an Empire of Integrated Nations that describe the world depending on the vernacular identity. The Catalan Countries, Euskalerria (Basque Country), Galizia and Betic Countries also have their vernacular place.

Take now a look to the names of Iliria and Arriana. Guifré el Pelós was born in Arria... the name of Ilna or Elna; Granada was originally "Ilíberis"; Lleida was "Ilerda"; Mataró was "Iluro"... it is necessary to look for some cultural relationship that has been hidden to us! It is necessary to look for this relation because it will help us to meeting a cultural conception that it is identified with the human beings mentally, emotionally and economically. It will help us to return to an universal order that has been altered maliciously and that is the cause of the spoil of the world. It is necessary to meet a new international order if it is wanted to meet the true universal peace.

In the Bible we read that "God distributed each People according to its language and habits, in the Earth"... The universal order, as it is deduced from this writing, or the order that God "wants", is a multinational and multilinguistic order, and not a mono-national order mor a mono-language order.

God breathes in many languages.

Amador Vega, a wise person that has studied deeply Ramon Llull, explains that:
Llull traveled around the world looking for the wisest men and summoned them for arguing or talking with them. In his work Ars Magna, Llull wrote a universal grammar for Christians, Muslims and Hebrews, a scientific method of discussion or dialog. The mystics of the three monotheistic religions accept that God has some attributes, that there is a certain number of names of God: Llull described them and created some tables that they allowed that each word or term could be combined with the others, given that all were equivalent; a universal grammar with a binary logic created combinatory.

Because of that they say that Llull was precursor of the computer science. This method allows the theological dialog and also expresses that the Christian mystics, sufis (Islam) and cabalists (jews) shared the same vision of the Divine.

Harold Bloom is interested in Llull because his Judaic echoes. Llull creates a language that recombines words, because God has written the World and each Word speaks about the World of God.

The mystical thought of Llull originates the modern European thought, the religious nihilism of Nietzche and of Heiddegger.

The method of Llull, or the Art to Find the Truth, explain the Great Ars, a cabalistic method based on the Tree of Life. Its universal fruit is a language that serves to everybody. This book teaches that God created a universal language to talk in many languages, the vernacular languages of each place.

The catalan Guifré d'Arrià, genealogically descendant of the king David of Israel, planted the Tree of Life, Ramon Llull harvested the fruit, Salvador Espriu, complains because the Tree of Life is absent, it has been cut. Who cut it? Who the earth poisons so the Tree of Life can not grow up again?

If we read the poems of Salvador Espriu, we'll have an answer.

On the Earth there are some sovereign Nations and some oppressed Nations. On the Earth there are some Nations that plant the Tree of Life and some Nations that cut the Tree of Life. The Catalan Countries, have been from the Nations that have planted the Tree of Life. At present, the Catalan Countries are a Nation without Sovereignty.
 
Llull has been linked to the Gurdjieff Enneagram too.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Way_Enneagram

Ouspensky claimed in In Search of the Miraculous that the enneagram was part of the teachings originally presented by G.I. Gurdjieff in Russia during the First World War. Gurdjieff is quoted by Ouspensky as claiming that this form of enneagram was an ancient secret and was now being partly revealed for the first time.[1]

Although no earlier publication of the Fourth Way version of the enneagram can be cited, it has been proposed that it may derive from, or be cognate to, the Jewish Tree of Life (Kabbalah) as used in Renaissance Hermeticism (which used an enneagram of three interlocking triangles, also called a nonagram)[2] or a nine-pointed figure used by the Christian medieval philosopher Ramon Llull.

The math (Clifford and Lie Algebras) behind Llull's work is quite interesting too.

http://www.valdostamuseum.org/hamsmith/LlullianScience.html
 
Re: Catalonia--Gaudí

The name Gaudi says something to everybody, even people who don't know where Catalonia is. Below I leave an article on a blog that discusses the relationship of Gaudí and his work with the esoteric and alchemy


Source in spanish: http://expedienteoculto.blogspot.com/2008/03/los-mensajes-ocultos-de-antonio-gaud.html

Antonio Gaudi, was much more than the genius of Spanish architecture and world for many, this great architect was also a hidden mysteries and secrets. And her work is full of these clues and symbols that even today many scholars attempt to explain his art: Magic squares and stairs are always a certain number, representative animals of esoteric culture, strange constellations moved to concrete, among others, are the wide range of possibilities and questions that hover over this magical and enigmatic character.

The Magic Square

One of the puzzling symbols of Gaudi is without a doubt, his "magic square" which is in its unfinished La Sagrada Familia. In this table we can observe a variety of numbers from 1 to 15 that together in any way either horizontal, vertical and diagonal always given the number 33, for many, this number represents the age at which Christ died, however, for others is a number linked to the Masons because of the number 33 is the maximum that can reach a Mason.

Indeed, for those who hold the latter is curious for example that the number 33 does not appear only in a religious place but also in the Park Guell, where a complex of stairs to the sum of the above steps also gives number.

Another fact that may increase over its mystery, is that the ratio of 1 to 15 missing number 12, for many this is simply a mathematical game, for others, this omission Gaudí shook the existence of the disciples of Christ.

More esoteric relationships

For the researcher Sebastian D'Arbó, Gaudí's links with the esoteric are proven, according to D'Arbó, Gaudí was born in Riudoms in Reus, a city where he created the first lodges of Freemasonry, also ensures that both grandparents and and his father were alchemists who worked metals and crystals, showing a family tradition of caldeleros ( boilermaker, boiler-maker), which is the maximum step of handling metals and tin.

Other elements that link the esoteric genius would be the sculpture of the salamander in that Güell Park, an alchemical symbol, and this can be confirmed due to behind the figure is represented an alchemical furnace called Athanor, identical to is at Notre Dame.

Also, the facade of the Church of the Sagrada Familia (the only one who could finish) corresponding to the birth of Christ, carved in stone Gaudí position of the stars of the exact moment of Christ's birth.

On the other hand, co-author of the bestseller, The Key Gaudí, Stephen Martin, says that there is a plane where the seven most important monuments of Gaudí as: the Sagrada Familia, Park Güell, Casa Vicens, Casa Mila or Pedrera, Casa Calvet, Casa Batlló and the Güell Palace, form the constellation Ursa Major would have particular significance for the artist.

However, the Spanish architect, Pedro Ponce de Leon, it would just be a coincidence because Gaudí worked for various promoters and it would be impossible that they all agree on one idea.

Finally, it is curious that all important work of Gaudí is always crowned with the Amanita muscaria, a species of hallucinogenic mushroom, and the use of "cross-dimensional" non-Christian.

In this sense, Gaudi himself said: "The Man moves in two dimensions and the angel is three dimensional. Sometimes after many sacrifices, continuous and excruciating pain, the architect quite visible for a few seconds the three-dimensional angel, architecture emerging from this inspiration produces fruits that are satisfying generations. "

For Ponce de León, this would explain the importance that Gaudí sought in his work, a significance that was not confined to the established view even what is in the future.

Unfortunately, all studies or samples that may better explain the ideas of this genius is lost because his shop was burned forever losing their crystal chemical formulas, designs and much of his drawings and photographs, leaving open even the mystery of what looked magnificent Gaudi buildings.

A strange death


One thing more: Gaudí died on June 7, 1926 hit by a tram in Barcelona in his jacket, doctors at the Hospital of the Poor found a handful of nuts in his pocket and the other sheet where were fragments of the Apocalypse of St. John.
 
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