99 Million Additional Colors Visible To Some

JGeropoulas

The Living Force
This article picked up on an idea that first intrigued me when reading SHOTW years ago: Indications in art and literature that people have only become able to see the color blue in relatively-recent centuries. (It's always been mystifying that, despite the richness of my imagination, it's impossible for me to imagine a new color, e.g. a 4th primary color.)

These current findings have tantalizing implications regarding those previous capacities that were disconnected by 4STS DNA tampering, and/or potential capacities that may lie ahead as we Work our Way to higher consciousness.

As this article points out, most of us in 3D use 3 types of cone cells to see the 1 million colors of all our 3-dimensional world. But now they've identified rare "tetrachromats" who use 4 types of cone cells to see 100 million colors...of a 4-dimensional world?...or of some bleed-through from 4D?

Maybe it's because I'm finishing up "Reality Of Being", but some of the author's comments about seeing beyond familiar colors (in the last paragraph) sound just like Jeanne de Salzmann's comments about seeing beyond familiar "reality."

The Humans With Super Human Vision

An unknown number of women may perceive 
millions of colors invisible to the rest of us. One British scientist is trying to track them down and understand their extraordinary power of sight.

by Veronique Greenwood
Discover Magazine
July-August special issue: Science, Technology and the Future


An average human, utterly unremarkable in every way, can 
perceive a million different colors. Vermilion, puce, cerulean, periwinkle, chartreuse—we have thousands of words for them, but mere language can never capture our extraordinary range of hues. Our powers of color vision derive from cells in our eyes called cones, three types in all, each triggered by different wavelengths of light. Every moment our eyes are open, those three flavors of cone fire off messages to the brain. The brain then combines the signals to produce the sensation we call color.

Vision is complex, but the calculus of color is strangely simple: Each cone confers the ability to distinguish around a hundred shades, so the total number of combinations is at least a million. Take one cone away—go from being what scientists call a trichromat to a dichromat—and the number of possible combinations drops a factor of 100, to 10,000. Almost all other mammals, including dogs and New World monkeys, are dichromats. The richness of the world we see is rivaled only by that of birds and some insects, which also perceive the ultraviolet part of the spectrum.

Researchers suspect, though, that some people see even more. Living among us are people with four cones, who might experience a range of colors invisible to the rest. It’s possible these so-called tetrachromats see a hundred million colors, with each familiar hue fracturing into a hundred more subtle shades for which there are no names, no paint swatches. And because perceiving color is a personal experience, they would have no way of knowing they see far beyond what we consider the limits of human vision.

Over the course of two decades, Newcastle University neuroscientist Gabriele Jordan and her colleagues have been searching for people endowed with this super-vision. Two years ago, Jordan finally found one. A doctor living in northern England, referred to only as cDa29 in the literature, is the first tetrachromat known to science. She is almost surely not the last.

The first hint that tetrachromats might exist came in a 1948 paper on color blindness. Dutch scientist HL de Vries was studying the eyes of color-blind men, who, along with two normal cones, possess a mutant cone that is less sensitive to either green or red, making it difficult for them to distinguish the two colors.

Out of curiosity, De Vries tested the daughters of one subject and observed that even though they were not color-blind, they needed more red in their test light than normal people to make the match precise. If the women weren’t color-blind, what was going on?

Pondering the situation, De Vries thought he saw an explanation. Color blindness ran in families, affecting men but not women. While color-blind men had two normal cones and one mutant cone, De Vries knew that the mothers and daughters of color-blind men had the mutant cone and three normal cones—a total of four separate cones in their eyes. He suspected the extra cone could be why the women perceived color differently—not because they saw less than most people but because they saw more.

In 2007 Jordan, now at Newcastle, returned to testing using a new method. Sitting in a dark room, peering into a lab device, women saw three colored circles flash before their eyes. To a trichromat, they all looked the same. To a tetrachromat, though, one would stand out. That circle was not a pure color but a subtle mixture of red and green light randomly generated by a computer. Only a tetrachromat would be able to perceive the difference, thanks to the extra shades made visible by her fourth cone.

Jordan gave the test to 25 women who all had a fourth cone. One woman, code named cDa29, got every single question correct. “I was jumping up and down,” Jordan says. She had finally found her tetrachromat.

What would it be like to see through cDa29’s eyes? Unfortunately, she cannot describe how her color vision compares with ours, any more than we can describe to a dichromatic person what red looks like. “This private perception is what everybody is curious about,” Jordan says. “I would love to see that.” Jordan’s next challenge is discovering why cDa29 is different from the other women she tested. “We now know tetrachromacy exists,” Jordan says. “But we don’t know what allows someone [who's physically tetrachromatic] to become functionally tetrachromatic, when most four-coned women aren’t.”

Replace the word "trichromats" with "psychopaths" in the paragraph below to see a familiar theme ;)

Jay Neitz, a vision researcher at the University of Washington, thinks that potential tetrachromats may need practice to awaken their abilities. “Most of the things that we see as colored are manufactured by people who are trying to make colors that work for trichromats,” he says. “It could be that our whole world is tuned to the world of the trichromat.” He also suspects the natural [trichromat] world may not have enough variation in color for the brain to learn to use a fourth cone. Tetrachromats might never need to draw on their full capacity. They may be trapped in a world tailored to creatures with lesser powers.

Perhaps if these women regularly visited a lab where they had to learnreally learnto tell extremely subtle shades apart, they would awaken in themselves the latent abilities of their fourth cone. Then they could begin to see things they had never tried to see before, a kaleidoscope of colors beyond their imagining.
 
I loved that last part, what a great analogy of our situation here :D
 
Yes, I remember reading this and thinking :O for real, this can happen, Then I remembered Gurdjieff, SEEing and all that:

Beelzebub's Tales To His Grandson pg 428 - 435 said:
"Wednesday, the day of painting, was devoted to the study of the combinations of different colors.

"On that day the learned beings of this group brought for demonstration all sorts of objects for domestic use made of very durable colored materials, such as 'carpets,' 'fabrics,' and 'chinkrooaries,' that is, drawings in various colors on skins specially tanned to last many centuries. On these objects were drawn, or embroidered in many-colored threads, various scenes of nature on that planet and different forms of beings breeding there.

"Before continuing to speak about the way in which these terrestrial learned beings indicated certain fragments of knowledge in their combinations of colors, I must point out one fact concerning this subject, which is most distressing for your favorites and which took place in their presence, again on account of those abnormal forms of daily existence established by them themselves.

"This fact I wish to explain to you concerns the gradual deterioration in the quality of those 'organs of perception' which are formed in the presence of every kind of being, especially the organ that interests us at present, namely, the organ for perceiving and distinguishing what is called the 'blending of center-of-gravity vibrations,' which reach their planet from the spaces of the Universe.

"I am referring to what is known as the 'common integral vibration issuing from all sources of actualizing,' which the learned being Aksharpantziar
called the 'white ray,' and also to the separate blendings of 'center-of-gravity vibrations,' which are perceived and distinguished by beings as different 'tonalities of color.'

"You must know that from the time of the arising of the three-brained beings of the planet Earth, before the period when the organ kundabuffer was implanted in them, and later when this organ was totally removed from their presence, and even much later, beginning from the second transapalnian catastrophe almost up to the time of our third flight in person to the surface of that planet, the organ of sight was actualized in them with the same 'sensitivity of perception' as in the common presence of all ordinary three-brained beings of the whole of our Great Universe.


"During these periods I have mentioned, in all the three-brained beings arising on your planet, this organ was formed with the requisite sensitivity to perceive the blendings of the separate 'center-of-gravity vibrations' of the 'white ray,' and to distinguish one-third of all the 'tonalities of color' found in general in the presences of the planets as well as in all other cosmic concentrations, great and small.

"Objective Science has precisely established that the number of separate blendings of 'center-of-gravity vibrations' issuing from the 'common integral vibration,' that is, the number of 'tonalities of color' is exactly equal to one 'hooltanpanas' which, according to the calculations of the terrestrial three-brained beings, would amount to 5, 764, 801 tonalities.

"Only a third of this total number of blendings or tonalities—with the exception of the one tonality which is accessible only to the perception of our All-Autocratic Endlessness—that is, 1, 921, 600 tonalities, can be perceived as 'different colors' by all ordinary beings on whatever planet of our Great Universe they arise.

"But if the three-brained beings complete the perfecting of their highest part, and their organ for the perception of visibility thereby acquires the sensitivity of what is called 'olooestesnokhnian sight,' they can then distinguish two-thirds of the total number of tonalities existing in the Universe which, according to terrestrial calculation, amounts to 3, 843, 200 different tonalities of color. And only those three-brained beings who perfect their highest being-part to the state of what is called 'Ishmetch' become able to perceive and distinguish the total number of blendings or tonalities, with the exception of that one tonality which, as I have already told you, is accessible to the perception of our All-Maintaining Creator alone.

[...]

"First of all it must be said that the 'common integral vibration,' like every already definite cosmic formation, is formed according to the completed
result of the fundamental cosmic law of the holy Heptaparaparshinokh, namely, that cosmic law which the three-brained beings of the planet Earth of the Babylonian period called the 'Law of Sevenfoldness', in other words, this vibration consists of seven complexes of results or, as is sometimes said, seven 'classes of vibrations' issuing from cosmic sources, whose arising and further action depend on seven other sources, which in their turn arise and depend on seven further ones, and so on right up to the first most holy, unique, seven-propertied vibration issuing from the Most Holy Prime Source.

And all these together compose the 'common integral vibration' of all sources of actualization of everything that exists in the Universe, and later, thanks to their transformations, they actualize in the presences of the cosmic insapalnian concentrations the number of different tonalities of color I have mentioned.

"As for the details of the 'most holy, unique, seven-propertied vibration,' these you will understand only when I have explained to you in its proper
time, as I have already many times promised you, all about the great fundamental laws of world-creation and world-maintenance.

"And meanwhile, as regards this question, you ought to know that when this 'common integral vibration,' which the terrestrial three-brained beings call the 'white ray,' enters with the presence proper to it into the spheres of its possible transformation in the presence of an insapalnian planet, there occurs in it, just as in the case of every definite cosmic arising having the possibility of further actualization, that cosmic process called 'djartklom', that is to say, it itself remains as a presence, but its essence disintegrates, as it were, and engenders processes for evolution and involution by the separate 'center-of gravity vibrations' of its arising, and these processes are actualized thus certain groups of 'center-of-gravity vibrations' separate themselves from the others and are transformed into third ones, and so on.

"During these transformations, the 'common integral vibration,' or 'white ray,' acts through its 'center-of-gravity vibrations' upon other ordinary
processes taking place nearby in intraplanetary and surplanetary arisings and decompositions, and owing to 'kindred vibrations,' and in accordance with surrounding conditions, its center-of-gravity vibrations blend and become part of the common presence of these definite intraplanetary or surplanetary formations in which these processes are taking place.

"So, my boy, during my personal descents to the planet Earth, I noted, at first without any conscious intention on the part of my Reason, and later I quite intentionally verified, the progressive worsening of this being-organ in all your favorites.

"Deteriorating century by century, the 'sensitivity of perception' of that organ, by means of which there chiefly proceeds in the presence of three brained beings what is called the 'automatic saturation by externals'—which serves as the basis for the possibility of natural Self perfecting had been diminished to such a point that at the time of our fifth stay there, during the period called by contemporary beings the period of the 'greatness of Babylon,' your favorites could perceive and distinguish the blendings of the 'center-ofgravity vibrations' of the white ray at most up to the third degree of its 'sevenfold strata,' that is, only up to 343 different tonalities of color.

"Here it is interesting to note that quite a number of the three-brained beings of the Babylonian epoch already suspected the gradual deterioration of the sensitivity of this organ of theirs, and certain of them even founded a new society in Babylon, which launched a peculiar 'movement' among the painters of that time. This peculiar 'movement' had the following program to find out and elucidate the truth only by means of the tonalities existing between white and black. And they executed all their works using exclusively the tonalities from black to white.

"When I found out about that particular 'movement' among the Babylonian painters, they were already using about fifteen hundred quite distinct shades of the color 'gray. ' This new 'movement' in painting made a great stir among the beings who were striving to learn truth at least in something, and it even gave rise to another and still more peculiar 'movement,' this time among the beings then known in Babylon as
'olfactorists,' who studied and devised new combinations of 'concentrations of vibrations' acting in a particular way on the sense of smell of beings, and producing definite effects on their general psyche, that is to say, among those beings who made it their aim to find the truth by means of smells.

"Certain enthusiasts of this study, in imitation of the followers of the new 'movement' in painting, founded a similar society, the stated purpose of which was: 'to seek the truth in the nuances of smells given off between the moment of the action of cold at freezing and the moment of the action of heat at decomposition.'

"As the painters had done with colors, they also found between these two limits of smell about seven hundred very definite gradations, which they employed in their experiments.

"I do not know where these two peculiar 'movements' in Babylon would have led, if a newly appointed mayor of the city, soon after our arrival there, had not started prosecuting the followers of that second 'movement' since, with their already sufficiently keen sense of smell, they had begun to get wind of and unwittingly to expose certain of his 'shady dealings,' with the result that he used every possible means to suppress everything connected not only with that second 'movement,' but with the first as well.

"As regards that organ of theirs about which we began to speak, namely, the organ for perceiving the visibility of cosmic arisings outside themselves, the deterioration of its sensitivity continued after the Babylonian period and reached such a point that during our last stay on the surface of this planet your favorites, instead of the 1, 921, 600 'tonalities of color' which they ought to have perceived, had the possibility of perceiving and distinguishing only the result of the penultimate 'sevenfold crystallization of the white ray,' that is, forty-nine tonalities, and even then only some of your favorites had that capacity, while the rest, perhaps the majority, were deprived even of that.

"But what is most interesting as regards the progressive deterioration of that most important part of their common presence is the sorry farce that results, which is that those contemporary three-brained beings who can still manage to distinguish this miserable fraction of the total number of tonalities—merely forty-nine—look down with disdain and self-conceit upon those other beings who have lost the capacity to distinguish even this insignificant number, as upon beings with an abnormal deficiency in that organ, and speak of them as afflicted by the disease called 'Daltonism.'

"The last seven blendings of the 'center-of-gravity vibrations' of the 'white ray' were called in Babylon, just as now among the contemporary beings of that planet, by the following names:
  • Red
  • Orange
  • Yellow
  • Green
  • Blue
  • Indigo
  • Violet

"Now listen to the way in which the learned beings belonging to the group of painters indicated the useful information and various fragments of knowledge they had attained, through lawful inexactitudes of the great cosmic law called the 'Law of Sevenfoldness,' by means of the combinations of these seven independent definite colors and other, secondary tonalities derived from them.

"In accordance with that definite property of the 'common integral vibration,' or the 'white ray,' during the process of its transformations
about which I have just spoken and which was already familiar to the learned Babylonian painters, each of its 'center-of-gravity vibrations' or one of the separate colors of the 'white ray' always ensues from another and is transformed into a third, for example, the color orange is obtained from red, and in turn passes into yellow, and so on and so forth.

"So, whenever these learned painters of Babylon made their pictures, or wove or embroidered with colored threads, they arranged the different
tonalities—whether lengthwise or crosswise or at the points of intersection of the lines of color—not in the lawful sequence in which this process normally takes place in accordance with the Law of Sevenfoldness, but 'otherwise', and it was in these equally lawful 'otherwises' that they placed the substance of certain information and knowledge.

A few highlights from the article:
_http://discovermagazine.com/2012/jul-aug/06-humans-with-super-human-vision said:
Researchers suspect, though, that some people see even more. Living among us are people with four cones, who might experience a range of colors invisible to the rest. It’s possible these so-called tetrachromats see a hundred million colors, with each familiar hue fracturing into a hundred more subtle shades for which there are no names, no paint swatches. And because perceiving color is a personal experience, they would have no way of knowing they see far beyond what we consider the limits of human vision.

[...]

In the 1980s neuroscientist John Mollon of Cambridge University, then Jordan’s adviser there, was studying color vision in monkeys and became interested in De Vries’s note on tetrachromacy. Mollon and Jordan realized that since color blindness is common, four-coned women must be as well. Jordan estimates they make up as many as 12 percent of women. To find if tetrachromats were hidden in this group, the researchers sought out the mothers of color-blind sons and had them take matching tests similar to the one used by De Vries, but with a twist. If they were true tetrachromats, they would never be able to make a satisfactory match, because they would be able to sense color gradations beyond those available on the test.

[...]

Jay Neitz, a vision researcher at the University of Washington, thinks that potential tetrachromats may need practice to awaken their abilities. “Most of the things that we see as colored are manufactured by people who are trying to make colors that work for trichromats,” he says. “It could be that our whole world is tuned to the world of the trichromat.” He also suspects the natural world may not have enough variation in color for the brain to learn to use a fourth cone. Tetrachromats might never need to draw on their full capacity. They may be trapped in a world tailored to creatures with lesser powers. Perhaps if these women regularly visited a lab where they had to learn—really learn—to tell extremely subtle shades apart, they would awaken in themselves the latent abilities of their fourth cone. Then they could begin to see things they had never tried to see before, a kaleidoscope of colors beyond our imagining.

"Fracturing into a hundred more subtle shades," Gurdjieff described it pretty well now didn't he.

An ability that is based in genetics and thus runs in families hmmm, but I disagree that "the natural world may not have enough variation in color for the brain to learn to use a fourth cone." The natural world is THE SOURCE of variation in the tonalities of color, all you have to do is pay attention and you'll see for yourself that there is not just one blue, green, red, etc, there are so many subtleties within and between.

ADDED:
Laura said:
Q: (Ark) Last question. Uh, there was in the 20’s a German physicist, and he was claiming he could see magnetic monopoles– which nowadays is almost forgotten. He had a lot of experiments and theories. Did he really see magnetic monopoles?
A: Yes.

Sight beyond sight, light beyond light:
Laura said:
Q: (Ark) Long ago, years ago, we were talking here about magnetic monopoles, and there was kind of a confirmation that they exist, but we didn’t go further into the subject. Now, there are three theories about magnetic monopoles concerning their speed. First: they are slower than light. Second: they have the speed of light. Third: they are faster than light. Which is true?
A: 3.
 
bngenoh said:
Yes, I remember reading this and thinking :O for real, this can happen, Then I remembered Gurdjieff, SEEing and all that:

Beelzebub's Tales To His Grandson pg 428 - 435 said:
"Wednesday, the day of painting, was devoted to the study of the combinations of different colors....

I printed all that off and can't wait to read it later. Looks like I need to dust off Beelzebub's Tales and push on past where I left off (It felt like a treatment to cure speed reading) :nuts:
 
JGeropoulas said:
I printed all that off and can't wait to read it later. Looks like I need to dust off Beelzebub's Tales and push on past where I left off (It felt like a treatment to cure speed reading) :nuts:

:rotfl: It definitely is. :lol: Gurdjieff makes you slow down, think and contemplate, that's why I love the man (I actually do love him, I'm not just saying that.)

Wherever you are Gurdjieff. :love: :hug: :D
 
bngenoh said:
An ability that is based in genetics and thus runs in families hmmm, but I disagree that "the natural world may not have enough variation in color for the brain to learn to use a fourth cone." The natural world is THE SOURCE of variation in the tonalities of color, all you have to do is pay attention and you'll see for yourself that there is not just one blue, green, red, etc, there are so many subtleties within and between.

I would tend to agree that there are enough variations in color in nature. For instance, in photography, you can get 16,777,216 colors by combining 8 bits per color channel -- Red, Green, Blue -- (a 24 bit image which gives 256 steps between black and white in each color channel). Here I'm of course talking about the image being digital, whether captured that way or scanned from film. But nobody (except true tetrachromats, I guess) would be able to distinguish 16.8 million colors with their eyes -- the color information is there but the eye can't see that kind of subtleties of detail -- but the equipment (hardware and software) actually captures and stores that color information.

Now if you go to a 16 bits per color channel image -- a 48 bit image -- again whether captured by professional photo equipment digitally or scanned with a professional scanner that can do 16 bits per channel/48 bit scans, the amount of color information will be 218,474,976,710,656 colors. There will be 65,536 steps between black and white in each color channel (RGB). Now you have equipment that has captured and stored 218.475 trillion colors. Now given, many of those trillions of color values -- different combinations of Red, Green, and Blue -- may give the same exact color if measured by a colorimeter but there will still be much more color information than an 8 bit per channel/24 bit image and MUCH more than humans can distinguish with their eyes. FWIW.



bngenoh said:
JGeropoulas said:
I printed all that off and can't wait to read it later. Looks like I need to dust off Beelzebub's Tales and push on past where I left off (It felt like a treatment to cure speed reading) :nuts:

:rotfl: It definitely is. :lol: Gurdjieff makes you slow down, think and contemplate, that's why I love the man (I actually do love him, I'm not just saying that.)

Wherever you are Gurdjieff. :love: :hug: :D

:lol: :lol:
 
Does it matter how many colors we see? It is waves frequencies (from-to) that defines colors. And there are unlimited number of colors.
It would be interesting if color range will be broader it terms of frequency and we see objects semi transparent as birds see it, or see infrared and "feel temperature".
 
On a somewhat similar topic, people with the normal set of three color receptors in their eyes were able to see a new color from a low-intensity laser that activated just one of the receptors in the eye:

Novel color via stimulation of individual photoreceptors​

We introduce a principle, Oz, for displaying color imagery: directly controlling the human eye’s photoreceptor activity via cell-by-cell light delivery.

Theoretically, novel colors are possible through bypassing the constraints set by the cone spectral sensitivities and activating M cone cells exclusively.

In practice, we confirm a partial expansion of colorspace toward that theoretical ideal. Attempting to activate M cones exclusively is shown to elicit a color beyond the natural human gamut, formally measured with color matching by human subjects.

They describe the color as blue-green of unprecedented saturation.

Usually, the "green" receptor almost always overlaps with the "red" receptor - and they targeted a color that is just in the "green" receptor range and apparently does not usually appear in nature:

color.png
 

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