Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functions

[obyvatel]

I wanted to share with you some portions of Dabrowski's book Multilevelness of Emotional and Instinctive Functions. D's Theory of Positive Disintegration has been covered in this forum. The Multilevelness book describes psychological processes which appear and disappear on the path of positive disintegration towards the destination of secondary integration. D's secondary integration is very similar to the second birth described in esoteric literature - it is perhaps the state of Man 4 in Gurdjieff's 4th Way. This book describes the sequential progress in the inner world of a person as he/she moves towards this second birth. D also talks about conditions necessary for such evolution and the factors affecting it. Reading this book has had a profound influence on me. I believe that in this forum we have members at varying levels of this developmental process and many would be able to identify with what is described in the book and hopefully find some solace in their dark hour of emotional pain along with the strength and encouragement to march onwards towards their respective destinies. More advanced members can perhaps verify the accuracy of what D had to say regarding the advanced levels having experienced those levels personally.
I had taken the liberty of some paraphrasing, ordering and emphasizing of the material so that it has an easier to understand logical progression for my own self when I was reading the book . I hope that this is helpful for other forumites as well.

Introduction to Positive Disintegration and Levels of Development
In the theory of positive disintegration, development is a function of the level of organization. The most significant aspect of human development is emotional development but such a development has a different character than neuromuscular or cognitive development. The level of emotional functioning is not produced automatically but evolves as a function of other conditions. A high level of cognitive functioning does not guarantee a high level of emotional functioning but the reverse may not be true. The concept of multilevelness is the starting point for the analysis of development and behavior. In general, higher levels of development are characterized by mental processes and behavior that are more conscious and voluntary while lower levels are characterized by processes which are more mechanical and automatic.

Positive Disintegration is the process by which the transition from a lower to higher level of functioning takes place. It consists of a weakening and dissolution of lower level mental structures and functions and a gradual generation and growth of higher levels of mental functions culminating in a personality integration at a higher level.
This process of development from a lower to a higher level of mental functioning is characterized by conflict, instability and partial or even complete disorganization of behavior followed by gradual emergence and organization of new mental structures which are higher than those of the previous stable state.
My comments: corresponds to friction and fusion in 4th Way terminology.
Internal conflicts play a decisive role in inhibiting primitive impulses. Reflection, hesitation and inhibition are indicative of internal conflict and as such are less automatic than immediate response to stimulii.

Levels of development:
A level is a distinctly identifiable developmental structure - it is not a temporal sequence or stage. When we use the expression " a level is attained", it means the structure of a lower level is replaced by the structure of a higher one. Also the use of the expression "transition from one level to another", is colloquially convenient but inaccurate. In the process of development, the structures of two or even three contiguous levels may exist side by side, although it must be understood that they exist in conflict. The conflict is resolved when one of the structures is eliminated or at least comes under the complete control of another structure.
5 distinguishable levels of development according to the theory of positive disintegration are

1) Primary Integration: Cognitive and emotional structures and functions are automatic, impulsive and rigid. Behavior is controlled by primitive drives and external motivations. Intelligence serves the cause of primitive drives. No inner conflict while external conflicts rule.

2) Unilevel Disintegration: Begins with the loosening of the cohesive and rigid structure of primary integration. There is hesitation, doubt, ambivalence, increased sensitivity to internal stimuli, mood fluctuations, excitations and depressions, various forms of mental and psychosomatic disharmony. There is ambitendency of action, either changing from one direction to another, or being unable to decide which course to take and letting the decision fall to chance, or a whim of like or dislike. Thinking has a circular character of argument for argument's sake. Internal conflicts are unilevel and superficial. When internal conflicts are severe and engage deeper emotional structures the individual often sees himself caught in a "no exit" situation. Severe mental disorders are associated with unilevel developmental structure.

3) Spontaneous multilevel disintegration - Its characteristic is an extensive differentiation of mental life. Internal experience begins to control behavior, wavering is replaced by a growing sense of "what ought to be" as opposed to "what is" in one's personality structure. Behavior is guided by an emerging autonomous , emotionally discovered hierarchy of values and aims. He starts to feel a difference between what is higher and what is lower. He looks for ideal examples and models around him and in himself as well. Developmental dynamisms include positive maladjustment, astonishment with oneself, feelings of shame and guilt, feeling of inferiority and dissatisfaction towards oneself.

4) Organized multilevel disintegration - Its main characteristics are conscious shaping and synthesis. At this level a person exhibits more tranquility, systematization and conscious transformation of his personality structure. While tensions and conflicts are not as strong as at the previous level, autonomy and internal hierarchy of values and aims are much stronger and clearly developed. There is a pronounced growth of empathy as one of the dominants of behavior and development. Developmental dynamisms at this level are: subject-object in oneself, third factor (conscious discrimination and choice), inner psychic transformation, self-awareness, self-control, education of oneself and autopsychotherapy.

5) Secondary integration: This level marks a new organization and harmonization of personality. Personality ideal is the dominant dynamism in close union with empathy and the activation of the ideal. There is a need to transcend verifiable, consensual reality (known through sensory perception) and to reach empirically through intuition, contemplation and ecstasy towards a transcendental reality. Developmental dynamisms are: responsibility,autonomy,authentism and personality ideal. Those who achieve the level of secondary integration epitomize universal compassion and sacrifice. There are no internal conflicts at this level in the sense of opposition between "what is" and "what ought to be". The cognitive and emotional structures are fused together into a harmonious and flexible whole.

 

[obyvatel]

Re: Brief Look at Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functions

Developmental Potential (DP), Overexcitabilities (OEs) and Types of Development

Definition of Developmental Potential : “The original constitutional endowment which determines the extent of mental growth possible for a given individual under ideal conditions”
DP determines the relationship between individual development and the 3 sets of factors that control development.
1) The first factor is related to genes and permanent transformations that may take place within the womb, during birth or soon afterwards. It represents the innate constitutional characteristics.

2) The second factor is composed of social environmental influences coming from individual persons or groups.

3)The third factor represents autonomous processes which a person brings into development such as inner conflict, self-awareness, choice and decision in relation to personal growth, inner psychic transformation, subject -object in oneself etc. Self determination becomes possible when autonomous factors emerge.

My comments: this third factor is the factor of conscious choice.
[quote author=SOP of FOTCM]
Those in whom biology overwhelmingly determines behavior identify with Matter; those in whom Consciousness and Conscience, leading to Free Will, rule over biological and social determinants of behavior identify with Spirit. The feedback mechanism of Soul Development, whereby Consciousness increases in concert with Conscience, which then exerts an influence on genetics, allows for even greater expressions of Consciousness.
[/quote]

When DP is limited to the first factor, we are dealing with a psychopathic or sociopathic individual indifferent to social opinion and influence, pursuing only his totally egocentric goals.
When DP is limited to first and second factors, the individual remains limited by social opinion and their own basic psychological type.
When DP is comprised of all 3 factors, the individual consciously struggles to overcome his social programming and constitutional limitations.

The first two factors allow for only external motivation while the third factor is a factor of internal motivation in behavior and development. This is an important distinction. The aggressiveness, enterprise and leadership of "self-made" men may often appear to spring from an internal locus of control but one closer examination show no evidence of autonomous developmental dynamisms. Such individuals may be driven by a great deal of energy but their motives and goals are geared to external norms of success (servicing primitive drives).

Next, we try to identify specific factors whose presence is a condition of development through positive disintegration and whose absence would limit it to primary integration.

Overexcitability - A heightened sensitivity and responsiveness to stimuli manifested by psychomotor,sensual,imaginational,intellectual and emotional means are termed overexcitabilities (OE).
Emotional, intellectual and imaginational OEs are associated with accelerated and universal development, that is development in which autonomous factors (3rd factor of DP) are particularly strong. The highest level of development is possible if the Emotional OE is the strongest or at least as strong as the other OEs. The psychomotor and sensual forms of OE may enhance such development by giving it more energy and more numerous areas of conflict but by themselves do not contribute to the autonomous factor. In cases where the emotional, intellectual and imaginational OEs are weak or absent, development remains under strong if not total external control. Great strength of psychomotor and sensual forms at the cost of others limits development to the lowest levels. When enhanced psychomotor and sensual OEs is combined with strong ambition, tendencies towards showing off, lying and cheating , then it constitutes a nucleus of psychopathy and characteropathy.

Types of development - Normal, one-sided and universal.
One-sided development is characterized by special talents but lacking multilevel DP. Disproportionate Emotional OE may lead to excessive identification with others to the point of losing one's identity but lacking the more mature and balanced aspects of relationships. Disproportionate Sensory OE may lead to a great fascination with the whole range of the sensory world of real life. Disproportionate Imaginational OE may lead to fascination with the dream or occult world without any sense of discrimination. Disproportionate psychomotor OE would lead to great fascination with physical activities, like extreme sports.
These may give rise to copious creative outpourings in writing, painting, movie making or scientific endeavor but lack the universal context of human experience, knowledge and objective hierarchy of values.

Normal development means an undisturbed expression of DP.

Both one-sided and normal development are characterized by gradual psychobiologolical integration of functions which proceed in conformity with the general maturational pattern of the human species - infancy, childhood, adolescence, maturity,aging and death. There is general adjustment to external conditions of life and conformity to prevailing culture. OEs and maladjustment only appear in specific phases of development like puberty and adolescence or under stressful conditions - but disappear when the maturational phase or stress pass. In other words, normal and one-sided development are characterized by the first 2 factors of development and are lacking in autonomous factors. Autonomous factors, if present, are not strong enough to push development much beyond unilevel disintegration.
Accelerated universal development follow a disintegrative path with maladjustment towards social and maturational patterns. It is controlled primarily by the third factor and often works in conflict with the first and second factor.

 

[obyvatel]

Re: Brief Look at Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functions

Dynamisms and distinguishing the levels of development
The development and differentiation of the internal environment of man or the inner psychic milieu is the distinctive feature of autonomous development. Dynamisms are the intra-psychic factors that shape development.
At the level of primary integration, there is no proper inner psychic milieu as there are no transformative dynamisms at work. At the level of unilevel disintegration, psychological factors start playing a role and a inner psychic milieu appears but is without a definite structure (ahierarchic). The dynamisms are not transformative at this level but disintegrative with respect to the cohesive structures of primary integration. At the level of multilevel disintegration, with the appearance of multilevel transformative dynamisms, a hierarchically structured inner psychic milieu is formed. Knowing the elements of this structure or detecting their absence is a clue to the determination of the developmental level. Also, the presence or absence of the dynamisms characteristic of a given level is the differentiating factor in recognizing the developmental level of a given form of behavior (or function).
At each developmental level, there is a constellation of factors. Some of these factors extend over several levels of development. At the borderlines of levels, dynamisms of a lower level exist side by side with the emergent dynamisms of the higher level. For example there are instances where the unilevel factors of level 2 acquire a somewhat multilevel character (like multilevel ambivalence). The important thing is that the multilevel dynamisms do not appear to be derived from the transformation of unilevel ones. Rather, they emerge as new and distinct factors.

My comments: I have tried to show some of the dynamisms that span across multiple levels of development in a tabular format below in the attached pdf file. Sorry, I could not get this to work very well with the "table" options available in the message body itself. If someone can suggest a better way to incorporate this, please let me know. TIA

Some specific dynamisms characteristic to the levels

Level2

Ambivalences and ambitendencies: Changeable or simultaneous feelings of like and dislike, approach and avoidance, inferiority and superiority, love and hatred. Fluctuations of mood, alternating excitation and inhibition, indecision are common.

Second Factor : Susceptibility to social opinion and influence of others. Behavior is guided by what others will think or say, or by the need for recognition and approval. Acceptance of stereotyped values and ideas projected from external sources comes from a need to conform as there is no internal structure to generate and support nonconformity.

Level3 :

Dissatisfaction with oneself: A powerful dynamism of discontent with one's own behavior in relation to oneself and in relation to others. Strong dissatisfaction with oneself is one of the most highly significant indicators of accelerated development.

Inferiority towards oneself: A powerful dynamism which consists of the experience and awareness of the disparity between one's actual level and a higher level towards which one strives. Feeling of inferiority is followed by a desire to bring about developmental changes in oneself.

Disquietude with oneself: An early dynamism of multilevel process. The feeling of uneasiness with oneself when realizing within oneself primitive behaviors, lack of control, compulsions etc.

Astonishment with oneself: One of the earliest dynamisms of multilevel process. The feeling that some mental and emotional qualities of oneself are unexpected or strange along with surprise at the world and behavior of others. In its mild and positive aspect, it is a sense of wonder. In the developmentally strong and negative aspect, it is the beginning of a critical attitude towards oneself - the forerunner of subject-object in oneself.

Feelings of shame: The feelings of self-conscious distress and embarrassment with usually a little more of external than internal sensitivity. A less conscious and externally caused form of shame may appear in Level2. If the same feeling arises out of a inner moral conflict, then it would be more closely related to disquietude with oneself.

Feelings of guilt : This arises in the context of relationships with others. It is particularly significant if it is combined with a need for reparation and self-correction. It is a forerunner of the higher dynamism of responsibility.

Positive Maladjustment : A conflict with and rejection of standards and attitudes of one's social environment which are incompatible with one's growing awareness of higher values. In its incipient form, this may appear as a critical reaction and opposition to one's environment.

My comments:
Based on my own experience and as I see the experiences of some other forumites, I think some or all of these level three dynamisms as described by D are at work leading to a significant discomfort and distress. For me it was heartening to see this state described in such a way in this book along with the probable picture of what could happen at the culmination of this uncomfortable process in broad terms.

 

[obyvatel]

Re: Brief Look at Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functions

Dynamisms of Level 4 and the Level 4-5 boundary

Level 4

Subject-object in oneself: A process of looking at oneself as if from outside (the self as object) and of perceiving the individuality of others (the other self as subject). The activity of this dynamism consists in observing one's mental life to understand oneself better and to evaluate oneself critically. It is the beginning of developing an objective view of oneself and the world. This may appear in a precursor form at the borderline of levels 2 and 3. Then it is only a process of introspection and self observation. With the appearance of self evaluation it acquires a multilevel component and along with the conscious need to develop oneself, it becomes the proper dynamism of subject-object in oneself.

Third factor: A dynamism of conscious choice by which one sets apart both in oneself and in one's environment those elements which are positive and therefore considered higher and those which are negative and considered lower. By this process a person denies and rejects inferior demands of the internal as well as of the external milieu, and accepts affirms and selects positive elements in either milieu. This leads directly to the awareness of not being identified with one's body, but that body and consciousness can be separated.
One could say that the third factor works on the valuation of the data that the dynamism of subject-object has uncovered and inner psychic transformation is the process by which the decision taken by the third factor is put to work.


Inner Psychic Transformation: This is the process which carries out the work of developmental change in man's personality structure, of which the changes in the emotional structure are by far the most crucial. Where there is lack of inner psychic transformation then whatever the individual's experience does not represent developmental changes. Inner psychic transformation is observed in fundamental, deep responses sometimes even violent, which change the direction of behavior, deepen sensitivity and bring about a transformation of psychological type.
Two (but not only) distinct manifestations of the this dynamism are transcending of the biological life cycle and transcending of psychological type. As the somatic determinants of maturation, aging or disease are replaced by mental and emotional determinants of rich psychic development, there is a continuation of creativity, psychic growth and expansion of emotional experience with age. The psychological type is transcended by introducing traits of opposite type like an extrovert becoming introverted, an impatient person becoming patient and gentle or a timid and anxious person turning into a confident leader. When such transformation reaches the point of irreversibility, i.e. losing the impulse to revert to the earlier form of behavior so that it does not flare up even under stress, then we consider it developmentally true. The transformation would not be true if it were only a suppression. Inner psychic transformation may be observed in precursor form at a lower level, for instance in efforts to become more self-controlled, organized and considerate of others.

Self awareness: Awareness of one's identity as a continuity of past with present; awareness of one's individual uniqueness and that certain distinctive personal qualities are significant and lasting while other qualities are secondary and transient. Awareness of one's development and direction.

Self-control: A highly conscious dynamism of bringing order and unity into one's development. Growth of self control takes place in proportion to increasing calmness and confidence in one's developmental path.

Autopsychotherapy: It is process of education of oneself under conditions of increased stress as in developmental crises in critical moments of life. As development proceeds through spontaneous to organized multilevel disintegration, the conflicts, disturbances, depressions and anxieties are handled consciously by the individual himself. Conscious self-healing is an example of this process at work ; it is however more crucial in the mental and emotional than in the physical realm. Solitude and concentration play a very important role in this process.


Borderline of level 4-5

At the level of secondary integration, personality ideal remains as the only recognizable dynamism as all other dynamisms get unified in the new structure. The chief dynamisms that are involved in this grand synthesis which leads to secondary integration are empathy, responsibility, authentism,autonomy and personality ideal.

Empathy: Empathy achieves its highest expression in the readiness to sacrifice one's life for the sake of others. Empathy develops not only towards the people one is responsible for but for everything that exists specially all living creatures and towards one's highest strivings. There is profound and active empathy towards all those who are hurt and humiliated. Love is emanated quite strongly in the contemplative states of meditation as in conditions of everyday life.

Responsibility: Sources of responsibility are the highest level of empathy and love for every human being and the need to turn this love into action.

Authentism: When individual and common essence is attained at the level of secondary integration, it means that central unrepeatable and experientially unique individual qualities are retained and continue to develop together with universal qualities of humanity. Authentism signifies the realization that the experience of essence, i.e the meaning and value of human experience, is more fundamental than the experience of existence.

Autonomy: Freedom from lower level drives and behavior and from the influence of external environment (which does not negate responsiveness to its needs). Autonomy is a function of identification with the highest levels, in particular with the personality ideal.

Personality Ideal: Prior to secondary integration it is an individual standard against which one evaluates one's actual personality structure. Personality ideal arises out of individual experience and development. It is shaped autonomously and authentically, often in conflict and struggle with the prevailing standards of society. As a mental and emotional structure, personality ideal is first perceived intuitively as a broad outline and becomes the empirical model after which personality is shaped. As development advances, personality ideal becomes more and more distinct and plays an increasingly significant role in the synthesis of the inner psychic milieu by guiding the activity of the DDC (disposing and directing center). This process is called the dynamisation of the ideal.
At the level of secondary integration, personality ideal is the primary source of both inner life and outwardly expressed behavior.

 

[Biomiast]

Re: Brief Look at Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functi

Hi obyvatel,

Thank you so much. I always wanted to have a look at Dabrowski's theory but lack of time and resources prevented me. Your posts helped me a lot, and showed a light at the end of the tunnel when I was beginning to think "I can't do this." I am grateful that you took time to write this summary for us.

 

[Approaching Infinity]

Re: Brief Look at Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functi

Hi obyvatel,

Thank you so much. I always wanted to have a look at Dabrowski's theory but lack of time and resources prevented me. Your posts helped me a lot, and showed a light at the end of the tunnel when I was beginning to think "I can't do this." I am grateful that you took time to write this summary for us.

Seconded. Great summary, obyvatel! That's one of my favorite books, and you did a good job condensing the main ideas.

 

[obyvatel]

Re: Brief Look at Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functions

Thanks Biomiast and AI. I want to specially thank you AI for mentioning Dabrowski's work in the forum - that is how I came to know of him.
Indeed this book is a storehouse of priceless psychological knowledge for people engaged in esoteric pursuits. It takes the mumbo jumbo out and gives clear landmarks for people walking on the path towards awakening. It is an unlikely place to find such information given that it comes from a mainstream psychiatrist and psychologist. I think it is unfortunate that this book is not available widely in the market.

 

[Mountain Crown]

Re: Brief Look at Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functions

Thanks from me too obyvatel.

 

[obyvatel]

Re: Brief Look at Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functions

A look at how fear and anxiety get experienced and expressed through the levels.

Level 1 (Primary Integration): Fear arises as a primitive reaction before sudden, threatening phenomena such as forces of nature, catastrophes, physical pain, sudden death or authority of power. This type of reaction shows that reflection is totally absent, or is very weak. Individual is either immobilized by his fear through a paralyzing concern with his survival, or acts only to protect himself, regardless if it means harm to others.
My comment: Anxiety is largely absent in level 1 as there is very little reflection.

Level 2 (Unilevel Disintegration) : Fears are not defined but may take the form of fears of closed or open spaces, or are occasioned by cyclicity of moods, feelings of helplessness, loneliness or an indeterminate fear of death (ambivalences). Fluctuations of feelings of inferiority and superiority, or feelings of shame before others give rise to anxiety. The environment has a strong influence as a source and shaper of anxiety.

Level 3 (Spontaneous Multilevel Disintegration): Beginnings of alterocentric and altruistic anxieties. Appearance of existential fears and fear of death. Level 3 dynamisms act in shaping these emotions.

The dynamism of astonishment leads to surprise as to the origin of fear.

Disquietude is manifested as a concern about the level of states of fear, for instance, by suddenly realizing that one may fear more the loss of one's health than of a loved person. Such disquietude as a rule raises the developmental level of fear. Under the influence of this dynamism fear loses it biopsychological cohesiveness. It becomes subject to criticism, self-awareness and self-control. The temperamental and egocentric component of states of fear is being reduced.

Feelings of inferiority towards oneself introduce differentiation between lower and higher levels of fear, and lead to significant analysis, disintegration, even pushing out of primitive states of fear to the margin and slowly working out a transition towards altruistic fears.

Feelings of shame and guilt play a considerable role in overcoming fears of the lower level, their primitive dynamic and primitive symptoms. As a result, altruistic elements of fear can be more freely expressed: fear for others, the feeling and need to help others on their states of anxiety; fear is now much stronger.

Dissatisfaction with oneself establishes a line of demarcation between primitive fear resulting from instinct of self preservation and fears of a more altruistic character. It acts against being seized and controlled by a primitive state of fear.

Positive maladjustment, besides being an attitude of discontent with primitive states of fear, engenders the formation of methods by which to counteract such fears. In the experience of fear, one can face it deliberately, not taking any actions to shake off the fear but let it grow, develop before one’s eyes in order to face it to the end, so that fear would be overcome by looking straight at it by a kind of passive awareness.

Creative Instinct brings new contents into the states of fear. The “new” can be expressed by introducing an attitude of curiosity and elements of analysis and intuition or it may express an urge for active transformation of experienced fear to other kinds of fear, usually of higher levels. New dimensions of fear are now discovered, such as anxiety, dread, terror, and even agony. Killing fear for oneself makes room for a new kind of fear – a fear for the sake of others. The content of fear may be expressed in paintings, literature or music.

Level 4 (Organized Multilevel Disintegration): Altruistic anxieties including moral anxieties in respect to others begin to develop. There are anxieties in face of one’s own imperfection or inadequacy, empathic anxieties in regard to death of others, existential anxieties over difficulties of reaching empirically to transcendental experience.

The dynamisms of self awareness and self control have strong alterocentric components and do not allow the individual to be overcome with concern for his own self-preservation.

Subject –Object in oneself acts to control and weaken fears of lower level through an objective scrutiny.

The third factor (conscious choice) affirms and selects those fears which are altruistic, existential and even cosmic and rejects fears which are selfish, temperamental or psychosomatic.

Inner psychic transformation operates closely with subject-object in oneself and the third factor in changing states of fear by clearing them of everything that is not alterocentric, social, or existential.

Education of oneself and autopsychotherapy supplement the transformative work carried out by all other dynamisms.

Level 5 (Secondary Integration): At this level there are anxieties over one’s own imperfections, anxieties of not knowing the absolute, anxieties arising in states of strong psychic tension connected with the search for philosophical and mystical yet empirical solutions. Anxieties arise as a result of difficulties in reaching these solutions. The experience of fear is evoked only through affective memory.

Personality ideal finds its expression by a very direct and spontaneous readiness for sacrifice, for protecting others from fear and from any harm or evil. Example Dr. Korczak , a Polish educator went into the gas chamber together with the children of his orphanage telling them stories so as to spare them the fear of death.

 

[Eongar]

Teoría de la Desintegración Positiva

Hello everyone,

I hang up the link to an article on him very complete theory of
Positive Disintegration Dabrowski. Dabrowski was a psychologist and psychiatrist
after many years of research developed a theory that encompasses
the different steps and stages through which a person during his travels
internal development. In my opinion, this theory and the concepts presented in
give her a little more light on some concepts discussed in the system
Fourth Way that can sometimes seem like a difficult both symbolic and
to understand. And like so many interesting jobs, there is little translated into Spanish.

http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistas/edu/11302496/articulos/RCED0404220431A.PDF

And here more:

http://cassiopaea.org/forum/index.php/topic,16959.0.html

Greetings to all

 

[anart]

Re: Teoría de la Desintegración Positiva

Hello everyone,

I hang up the link to an article on him very complete theory of
Positive Disintegration Dabrowski. Dabrowski was a psychologist and psychiatrist
after many years of research developed a theory that encompasses
the different steps and stages through which a person during his travels
internal development. In my opinion, this theory and the concepts presented in
give her a little more light on some concepts discussed in the system
Fourth Way that can sometimes seem like a difficult both symbolic and
to understand. And like so many interesting jobs, there is little translated into Spanish.

http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistas/edu/11302496/articulos/RCED0404220431A.PDF

And here more:

http://cassiopaea.org/forum/index.php/topic,16959.0.html

Greetings to all

Hi Alvaro, I'll be merging this thread with one of the previous threads on Dabrowski, since the Spanish section is not for starting discussions. It is for questions about/help with understanding things written in English.

 

[Eongar]

Re: Brief Look at Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functions

Ok Anart, thanks.

 

[Breo]

Re: Brief Look at Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functions

Thank you, obyvatel for this summary! It is very helpful for my learning.

 

[SolarMother]

Re: Brief Look at Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functions

Thank you, obyvatel for this summary! It is very helpful for my learning.

I am glad you posted Breo, so that I could find this enlightening thread. Thank you Obvatel, for starting this thread, and for your comments.

I like the practicality of language (expression) of Dabrowski. Very helpful in understanding my present states of anxiety, dread, fear and depression--and what level I might be at, and what direction I am heading in (hopefully.)
It is indeed like a light at the end of the long tunnel.

 

[ggen]

Re: Brief Look at Dabrowski's Multilevelness of Emotional And Instinctive Functions

Wow... :D
I have finally found an 'explanation' for what I've been experiencing for so long! What an amazingly calculated and accurate depiction of what ones Self goes through. It's a relief to know that I'm not the only one of course. Thank You obyvatel!