Viscum album

zak

The Living Force
You are going to find in this thread several excerpts about the differents possibilities of the mistletoe:

The single success story was mistletoe, which seemed to help the body to 'resocialize' the photon emission of tumor cells back to normal. In one of numerous cases, Popp came across a woman in her thirties with breast and vaginal cancer. Popp tried mistletoe and other plant extracts on samples of her cancerous tissue and found that one particular mistletoe remedy created coherence in the tissue similar to that of the body. With the agreement of her doctor, the woman began forgoing any treatment other than this mistletoe extract. After a year, all her laboratory tests were virtually back to normal. A woman who was given up as a terminal cancer case had her proper light restored, just by taking a herb.2? To Fritz-Albert Popp, homeopathy was another example of photon sucking. He had begun to think of it as a 'resonance absorber'." --- Lynne Mctaggart, The Field - The Quest for the Secret Force of the Universe
"Iscador P contains mistletoe extract from V. pini (mistletoe from pine trees). • Iscador Qu contains mistletoe extract from V. quercus (mistletoe from oak trees). The three types are also available formulated with low concentrations (10~8 g per 100 mg fresh plant extract) of certain metal salts, such as those of copper and mercury. A lectin-standardized extract, also prepared according to the anthroposophic approach, is available, although this formulation does not include metal salts." --- Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson, Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
"A recent study shows that mistletoe can induce a condition known as eosinophilic (an increase in the number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell) in healthy adults. [Journal Society Integrative Oncology 4: 3-7, 2006] mistletoe extract has been shown to reduce adverse effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on the microcirculation and the immune system of cancer patients. [Anticancer Research 25:601-10, 2005] Iscador is popular in Germany where it was recently shown to improve survival (slightly) among malignant melanoma patients. --- Bill Sardi, You Don't Have to be Afraid of Cancer Anymore
"Disch Med Wochenschr 125: 1222-26, 2000] A study of patients who had undergone bladder cancer surgery did not find that mistletoe extract significantly delayed recurrence of cancer. [Journal Urology 168: 72-75, 2002] In 2002, a German medical journal reported that mistletoe therapy has not gained an established placed in the treatment of cancer and no overall improvement in survival had been reported."
"Alternative Therapy Health Medicine 7: 57-66, 68-72, 2001 ] For comparison, some widely promoted anticancer drugs like Erbitux only extend life by an average of four months and cost $48,000. A survey of German physicians found that the probability to achieve complete or partial remissions with mistletoe extract was estimated to be 6% and 15% respectively. [Disch Med Wochenschr 125: 1222-26, 2000] A study of patients who had undergone bladder cancer surgery did not find that mistletoe extract significantly delayed recurrence of cancer." --- Bill Sardi, You Don't Have to be Afraid of Cancer Anymore
"Lectin-standardized mistletoe extracts, which are distinct from anthroposophical mistletoe preparations, are also available, particularly in Germany. mistletoe products prepared from different host trees are prescribed for patients with different types of cancer. Treatment is usually given by subcutaneous injection, although the intravenous injection route is sometimes used, and oral formulations are also available. In the preparation of anthroposophical medicines, particular attention is paid to the source and methods of farming used in growing plant raw materials." --- Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson, Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
"In folk medicine, mistletoe is also used for attacks of dizziness, amenorrhea, and joint diseases. Side effects: Refer to the German Commission E monograph excerpt; with long-term administration, allergic reactions may occur. Making the tea: Pour cold water over 2.5 g finely cut dried herb. Allow to stand at room temperature for 10— 12 hours and then strain. Drink 1— 2 cups daily (see also: Indications). 1 teaspoon = about 2.5 g. Tea preparations: mistletoe herb is offered as a single herb tea in loose pack and in filter tea bags and is a component of cardiac/circulation herbal tea formulas." --- Josef A. Brinckmann and Michael P. Lindenmaier, Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Practice on a Scientific Basis
"MISTLETOE • Viscum album (European mistletoe); Phoradendron flavescens (American mistletoe). A parasitical plant with a root firmly attached to the wood of the tree on which it grows, it was sacred to the Druids and reputedly used by them to cure sterility and epilepsy; and as an antidote for poisons. Hippocrates and Galen used it as an external remedy and internally to treat sleep disorders. It is also used in "organic" cosmetics. See also Juniper Berry. MITRACARPUS SCABER • A South American vine. MIXED CRESOLS • A preservative. See Cresols. MIXED IONONES • Fragrance ingredients." --- Ruth Winter, M.S., A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients
"Medicinal species containing lectins include Phytolacca decandra, Viscum album, Urtica dioica and Juglans nigra (Lewis and Elvin-Lewis 1977). mistletoe (Viscum album) contains lectins, viscotoxins (low-molecular-weight polypeptides), amines, polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols, fatty acids and phenyl-propanoids. mistletoe lectins have been found to bind to erythrocytes, lymphocytes, leucocytes, macrophages, glycoproteins and plasma proteins." --- Andrew Pengelly, The Constituents of Medicinal Plants: An Introduction to the Chemistry and Therapeutics of Herbal Medicine
"Rudolph Steiner, PhD popularized the use of mistletoe in the early 20th century. A certain lectin in mistletoe has been found to inhibit the growth of proliferating cells. By the 1980s, about 40,000 patients worldwide were receiving Iscador, a fermented form of mistletoe that is injected. Iscador and its variations are licensed in Germany as drugs. -Stanislaw R. Burzynski, MD, PhD theorized that certain anti-neoplastons, or naturally occurring peptides, could inhibit the growth of tumor cells without interrupting normal cell growth." --- Patrick Quillin, PhD,RD,CNS, Beating Cancer with Nutrition
"Mistletoe In a Phase I/II study, the effect of mistletoe (Eurixor) treatment was evaluated in 16 patients with pancreatic cancer. mistletoe was administered twice a week by subcutaneous injection. Apart from one anaphylactic reaction, which necessitated suspension of treatment for a few days, no severe side effects were observed. Eight patients (50%) showed a CT-verified status of "no change" (according to the World Health Organization criteria) for at least 8 weeks. Median survival time in all patients was 5.6 months (range = 1.5-26.5 months). --- The Life Extension Editorial Staff, Disease Prevention and Treatment
"All except two patients claimed that mistletoe had a positive effect on their quality of life, with an obvious decline only during the last weeks of life. These results indicate that mistletoe can stabilize quality of life and therefore may help patients to maintain adequate life quality in their few remaining months (Friess et al. 1996). Another, more recent paper described a patient with inoperable cancer of the pancreas who developed marked eosinophilia during treatment (on day 22) with injections of Viscum album (mistletoe)." --- The Life Extension Editorial Staff, Disease Prevention and Treatment
"Mistletoe In a Phase I/II study, the effect of mistletoe (Eurixor) treatment was evaluated in 16 patients with pancreatic cancer. mistletoe was administered twice a week by subcutaneous injection. Apart from one anaphylactic reaction, which necessitated suspension of treatment for a few days, no severe side effects were observed. Eight patients (50%) showed a CT-verified status of "no change" (according to the World Health Organization criteria) for at least 8 weeks. Median survival time in all patients was 5.6 months (range = 1.5-26.5 months)." --- The Life Extension Editorial Staff, Disease Prevention and Treatment
"Scientists found that cultures of human cells produced more antitumor hormones when they were treated with a mistletoe protein. Since then, some clinics have adopted Iscador for treatment of cancer. A few warnings are in order for the herbal enthusiast eager to experiment. Steiner's extract is made from European mistletoe plants. mistletoe berries are poisonous, so never eat them. The stems and leaves must be processed before they are used as medicine, and the finished product raises one's blood pressure and pulse. Those with heart problems should not use it." --- William L. Fischer, How to Fight Cancer & Win
"The mistletoe most widely sold in America is Phoradendron flavescens, but it is the true mistletoe of Europe that holds the best medicinal properties and should be used. Dead Men DO Tell Tales "What I'm about to share with you is worthy of an investigation by the great Sherlock Holmes himself. mistletoe has been used since the time of Christ for alleviating the symptoms of hypertension. But the evidence doesn't come from ancient Celtic inscriptions painted on a broken pottery shard or stiff piece of leather; instead it comes from the stomach of a very waterlogged and mummified ancient Briton." --- John Heinerman, Heinerman's Encyclopedia of Healing Herbs and Spices
"History & Folklore In Norse mythology, a mistletoe bough was used to slay Balder, the god of peace. The plant was subsequently entrusted to the goddess of love, and kissing under it became obligatory. Medicinal Actions & Uses European mistletoe is chiefly used to lower blood pressure and heart rate, ease anxiety, and promote sleep. In low doses it also relieves panic attacks, headaches, and improves concentration. European mistletoe is also prescribed for tinnitus and epilepsy. In anthroposophical medicine, extracts of the berries are injected to treat cancer." --- Andrew Chevallier, The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
"Mistletoe [Viscum album) Popular throughout Europe, mistletoe is one of the most widely used plants for hypertension and in the treatment of cancer. It is the main therapy used to treat cancer by anthroposophical physicians. Iscador, a fermented extract of Viscum album, reduces the leukocytopenia produced by radiation and chemotherapy. mistletoe is tumor-inhibiting and cytotoxic to a number of different tumor types. It also increases natural killer-cells. Viscum's cytotoxic components include viscumin and viscotoxins. Viscumin is a lectin component that causes agglutination of tumor cells." --- Donald R. Yance, j r.,C.N., M.H., A.H.G., with Arlene Valentine, Herbal Medicine, Healing and Cancer: A Comprehensive Program for Prevention and Treatment
"European herbalists have a couple of different ways of using mistletoe as a heart sedative and antihypertensive. One way is to take equal parts (about two tablespoons each) of mistletoe and hawthorn berries and lemon balm leaves and steep them in two pints of boiling water for 25 minutes. One-half cup of the warm tea is taken morning and evening. The other way is to soak 4 teaspoons of chopped mistletoe in 1-1/4 pints of cold water overnight, and take one cup of the cool beverage first thing the next morning." --- John Heinerman, Heinerman's Encyclopedia of Healing Herbs and Spices
"Recent studies on the anticancer activities of mistletoe (Viscum album) and its alkaloids. Oncology; 43(suppl l):42-50. 1986 Konopa J, Woynarowski JM, Lewandowska-Gumieniak M. Isolation of viscotoxins. Cytotoxic basic polypeptides from Viscum album L. Hoppe-Seylers Z Physiol Chem; 361(10): 1525-1533. 1980 Kovacs E, Hajto T & Hostanska K. Improvement of DNA repair in lymphocytes of breast cancer patients treated with Viscum album extract (Iscador): Eur J Cancer; 27(1):1672-1676. 1991 Metzner G, Franz H, Kindt A, et al." --- Thomson Healthcare, Inc., PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition
"Effects of a standardized mistletoe preparation on metastatic B16 melanoma colonization in murine lungs. Drug Res; 48:497-502. 1998 Woynarowski J & Konopa J. Interaction between DNA and viscotoxins. Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem; 361(10): 1535-1545. 1980 Zarkovic N, Kalisnik T, Loncaric I et al: Comparison of the effects of Viscum album lectin ML-1 and fresh plant extract (Isorel) on cell growth in vitro and tumorigenicity of melanoma B16F10. Cancer Biother Radiopharmacol; 13:121 -131." --- Thomson Healthcare, Inc., PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition
"Action of viscumin, a toxic lectin from mistletoe, on cells in culture. J Biol Chem. Nov 25;257(22): 13271-7. 1982 Timoshenko AV et al. Influence of the galactoside-specific lectin from Viscum album and its subunits on cell aggregation and selected intracellular parameters of rat thymocytes. In: PM; 61(2):130-133. 1995 Timoshenko AV & Gabius HJ. Efficient induction of superoxide release from human neutrophils by the galactoside-specific lectin from Viscum album. Biol Chem; 374:237-243. 1993 Wagner H. Die Mistel in der Tumortherapie. In: DAZ; 132(20):1087/1088." --- Thomson Healthcare, Inc., PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition
"It served as a urinary aid and was used in the treatment of epilepsy, in combination with mistletoe and peony. At the end of the 19th century, the drug was applied as an ointment for rheumatism. The infusion is used as a remedy for worm infestation, to treat stomach disorders and cramps and to promote menstruation. In Greece, it is used as a tonic and stimulant. precautions and adverse reactions BURNING BUSH ROOT AND HERB Health risks or side effects following the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages are not recorded." --- Thomson Healthcare, Inc., PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition
"Tieghem (Loranthaceae)—mistletoe This Australian plant, which is similar to the true mistletoe (Viscum album L.; Loranthaceae), is a parasite on several plants, including Duboisia myoporoides (see Duboisia spp.). The leaves contain scopolamine and are smoked in Australia as an inebriant (Bock 1994, 85*). It is possible that the scopolamine is extracted from the host tree Duboisia myoporoides as a result of the mistletoe's parasitic activity and is then incorporated into the plant's own tissue. Bernoullia flammea Oliver in Hook." --- Christian Ratsch, The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications
"In vitro effects of mistletoe extracts and mistletoe lectins. Arzneimittel-Forschung 1993; 43:1221-27. 95. Bussing A Suzart K et al. Induction of apoptosis in human lymphocytes treated with Viscum album L. is mediated by the mistletoe lectins. Cancer Letters 1996; 99:59-72. 96. Mochizuki, et al. Inhibitory effect of tumor metastasis in mice by saponins, ginsenoside-Rb2, 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3, of red ginseng. Biological if Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1995 Sept; 18(9)4197-202. 97. Block G, Patterson B, Subar A." --- David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG, Medical Herbalism: The Science Principles and Practices Of Herbal Medicine
"Mistletoe (Viscum album) contains lectins, viscotoxins (low-molecular-weight polypeptides), amines, polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols, fatty acids and phenyl-propanoids. mistletoe lectins have been found to bind to erythrocytes, lymphocytes, leucocytes, macrophages, glycoproteins and plasma proteins. Cytotoxic activity has been demonstrated for the glycoprotein fraction, alkaloid fraction and Iscador™ (plant juice preparation)—positive in vitro and in vivo. Human studies with Iscador™ have shown slight improvement over controls, with best results for colon cancer." --- Andrew Pengelly, The Constituents of Medicinal Plants: An Introduction to the Chemistry and Therapeutics of Herbal Medicine
"Injectable mistletoe should only be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. Turmeric (page 753) may be another useful herb with immune effects in people infected with HIV. One preliminary trial found that curcumin, the main active compound in turmeric, helped improve CD4+ cell counts.92 The amount used in this study was 1 gram three times per day by mouth. These results differed from those found in a second preliminary trial using 4.8 or 2.7 grams of curcumin daily. In that study, there was no apparent effect of curcumin on HIV replication rates." --- Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D., The Natural Pharmacy: Complete A-Z Reference to Natural Treatments for Common Health Conditions
"European mistletoe was the "golden" bough that saved the legendary Aeneas from the underworld. Habitat & Cultivation Native to Europe and northern Asia, European mistletoe grows on host trees, especially apple trees. It is harvested in autumn. parts Used Leaves, branches, berries. Constituents European mistletoe contains glycoproteins, polypeptides (viscotoxins), flavonoids, caffeic and other acids, lignans, acetylcholine, and, in the berries, polysaccharides. Viscotoxins inhibit tumors and stimulate immune resistance." --- Andrew Chevallier, The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
"Kleijnen J, Knopschild P, (1994) mistletoe treatment for cancer. Review of controlled trials in humans. Phytomedicine 1:255-260. Kwaja TA et al, (1980) Experientia 36:599. Loew, B, In: Loew D, Rietbrock N: Phytopharmaka II: Forschung und klinische Anwendung, Steinkopff Verlag, Darmstadt, 1996. Luther P et al., (1980) Int J Biochem 11:429. Miiller J, (1962) Ger Offen DE 1:130:112. Olsnes S et al„ (1982) J Biol Chem 257:1371. Rentea R et al., (1981) Lab Invest. 44(1):43." --- Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D., PDR for Herbal Medicines
"The stem of mistletoe is used for its calming effect; in the treatment of mental and physical exhaustion; as a tranquilizer against nervous conditions such as agitation, anxiety and increased excitability. visci albi herba ¦ Rheumatism ¦ Tumor therapy adjuvant For treating degenerative inflammation of the joints by stimulating cuti-visceral reflexes following local inflammation brought about by intradermal injections. Also used as a palliative therapy for malignant tumors through non-specific stimulation." --- Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D., PDR for Herbal Medicines
"Schwarz T et al, Stimulation by a stable, standardised mistletoe preparation of cytokine production in an in vitro human skin bioassay. In: PM 62, Abstracts of the 44th Ann Congress of GA, 1996. Stirpe F et al, (1982) J Biol Chem 257(22): 13271. Timoshenko AV et al, Influence of the galactoside-specific lectin from Viscum album and its subunits on cell aggregation and selected intracellular parameters of rat thymocytes. In: PM 61(2):130-133. 1995. Uhlenbrock S, Weihnachten, Miraculix und die Anthroposophie. In: PZ 140(51/52):4602-4603. 1995. Wagner H et al, (1986) Planta Med (2): 102." --- Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D., PDR for Herbal Medicines
"I was impressed to leam that the Maoris were aware of the mistletoe's medical properties. mistletoe ?Viscum album ?was widely used by the Maoris for the prevention of illness and disease and nowadays it once again holds an important place in herbal medicine. Since the rediscovery of this plant it has been used as an excellent remedy for balancing blood pressure, to treat migraines and epilepsy, and is also used by cancer patients." --- Jan De Vries, Life Without Arthritis: The Maori Way
"Three subspecies of parasitic mistletoe ?one parasitic on broad-leaved trees and two on coniferous trees ?are native to Europe. Common mistletoe is the one that interests us most. The leafy tips of young twigs without the thick basal stems and without the berries are the parts used medicinally. These are collected only in the wild and therefore include, albeit in small quantities, also mistletoe subspecies parasitic on coniferous trees ?subsp. abietis and subsp. austriacum." --- Frantisek Stary, The Natural Guide to Medicinal Plants and Herbs
"Local reactions can occur with parenteral administration of mistletoe extracts (wheal formation, possibly also necroses), chills, fever, headache, anginal complaints, orthostatic circulatory disorders and allergic reactions. The wheal formation and the elevation of body temperature are considered signs of immune system stimulation and therefore as positive therapeutic effects. DOSAGE visci albi herba Mode of Administration: Fresh plant, cut and powdered herb for the preparation of solutions for injections. Preparation: A medicinal tea is prepared using 2." --- Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D., PDR for Herbal Medicines

There are still some to follow.
 
A little "bouquet" of mistletoe in bloom:
 

Attachments

  • IMG_20170303_123108_1.jpg
    IMG_20170303_123108_1.jpg
    917.2 KB · Views: 126
  • IMG_20170303_123129.jpg
    IMG_20170303_123129.jpg
    1.1 MB · Views: 126
  • IMG_20170303_123151.jpg
    IMG_20170303_123151.jpg
    775.2 KB · Views: 120
  • IMG_20170303_123038.jpg
    IMG_20170303_123038.jpg
    1.6 MB · Views: 141
And now an other "bouquet", but this time of excerpts! :)

"Mistletoe. mistletoe is a cardiac tonic that stimulates circulation. Fifteen drops taken three times a day, or three cups of tea daily, help lower blood pressure and alleviate heart strain. mistletoe should not be overused, nor should the berries be eaten. Motherwort. Helps stabilize the electrical rhythm of the heart. The amount taken should be monitored by a doctor. Wild yam. Stimulates production of DHEA. Low levels of this hormone have been related to higher incidences of heart disease. Wild yam can provide added protection and is completely safe." --- Dr. Gary Null, The Woman's Encyclopedia of Natural Healing
"Reinsubstanz Gegen Standardisierten Extrakt" [Comparative Studies on the Immunoactive Action of Galactoside-Specific mistletoe Lectin: Pure Substance Compared to the Standardized Extract], Arzneimittelforschung 43, no. 2 (February 1993): 166-69. Iscador, a mistletoe (Viscum album) extract, was shown to have an anti-breast-cancer effect. T. Hajto, "Immunomodulatory Effects of Iscador: A Viscum Album Preparation," Oncology, 43, suppl. (1986): 51-65. Breast cancer patients in a study were administered a single infusion of iscador, an extract of mistletoe (Viscum album) intravenously." --- Dr. Gary Null, The Woman's Encyclopedia of Natural Healing
"Loranthaceae) A relative of mistletoe (Viscum album L.), Phrygilanthus eugenioides is used in the voodoo cult as a magical plant. It is said to have psychoactive or hallucinogenic powers (Schultes and Farnsworth 1982, 187*; Schultes and Hofmann 1980, 367*). Curiously, the ancient texts suggest that mistletoe may also produce psychoactive effects (cf. Benthamia alyxifolia). Podophyllum peltatum L." --- Christian Ratsch, The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications
"MISTLETOE Of two notable studies of mistletoe, the plant hung up at Christmas, one indicated that iscador, an extract from European mistletoe, when combined with lactobacillus, doubles the ability of natural killer cells to destroy malignant cells; while a second examination, reported at a 1992 AIDS conference, indicated one extract from the herb "had anti-HIV, immunomodulating and anti-cancer activities in 12 symptomatic HIV disease patients followed for 6 years." --- Gary Null, James Feast, AIDS: A Second Opinion
"PHARMACOLOGY: Despite the popular knowledge that the two types of mistletoe have opposite pharmacologic effects (ie, American mistletoe: Stimulates smooth muscle, raises blood pressure, increases uterine and intestinal motility; European mistletoe: Reduces blood pressure, antispasmodic, calming agent), investigations have shown that the stems and leaves of these plants contain the proteinaceous phoratoxins and viscotoxins and thus exert similar pharmacologic effects." --- Ara Dermarderosian, Guide to Popular Natural Products
"Mistletoe. mistletoe is a cardiac tonic that stimulates circulation. Fifteen drops taken three times a day, or three cups of tea daily, help lower blood pressure and alleviate heart strain. mistletoe should not be overused, nor should the berries be eaten. Motherwort. Helps stabilize the electrical rhythm of the heart. The amount taken should be monitored by a doctor. Wild yam. Stimulates production of DHEA. Low levels of this hormone have been related to higher incidences of heart disease. Wild yam can provide added protection and is completely safe." --- Dr. Gary Null, The Woman's Encyclopedia of Natural Healing
"A study examining the effects of a mistletoe extract on breast cancer patients found an immune-enhancing effect. J. Beuth et al., "Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Immu-naktiven Wirkung von Galaktosid-Spezifischem Mistellektin. Reinsubstanz Gegen Standardisierten Extrakt" [Comparative Studies on the Immunoactive Action of Galactoside-Specific mistletoe Lectin: Pure Substance Compared to the Standardized Extract], Arzneimittelforschung 43, no. 2 (February 1993): 166-69. Iscador, a mistletoe (Viscum album) extract, was shown to have an anti-breast-cancer effect. T." --- Dr. Gary Null, The Woman's Encyclopedia of Natural Healing
"Journal Society Integrative Oncology 4: 3-7, 2006] mistletoe extract has been shown to reduce adverse effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on the microcirculation and the immune system of cancer patients. [Anticancer Research 25:601-10, 2005] Iscador is popular in Germany where it was recently shown to improve survival (slightly) among malignant melanoma patients. [Arzneimiftelforschung 55:38-49, 2005] Iscador has also been shown to prolong survival among breast cancer patients." --- Bill Sardi, You Don't Have to be Afraid of Cancer Anymore
"History & Folklore In Norse mythology, a mistletoe bough was used to slay Balder, the god of peace. The plant was subsequently entrusted to the goddess of love, and kissing under it became obligatory. Medicinal Actions & Uses European mistletoe is chiefly used to lower blood pressure and heart rate, ease anxiety, and promote sleep. In low doses it also relieves panic attacks, headaches, and improves concentration. European mistletoe is also prescribed for tinnitus and epilepsy. In anthroposophical medicine, extracts of the berries are injected to treat cancer." --- Andrew Chevallier, The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
"In this review article, the author notes that studies from their lab have demonstrated that mistletoe extact exhibits significant anticancer activity against a variety of experimental tumor systems, in vitro and in vivo, particularly those modeling for lung, breast and colon carcinomas. —T.A. Khwaga, "Biopharmacological Studies of Different Components of Viscum Album (Mistletoe)," Anticancer Research, 10(5B), 1990, p. 1374-1375. This study examined the antiproliferative effects of Viscum album C, Viscum album Qu and Viscum album M on melanoma cell lines." --- Gary Null, Ph.D., The Clinician's Handbook of Natural Healing
"This study examined the cellular aspects of the immunomodulating activity of propriety mistletoe extract (Eurixor) standardized for mistletoe lectin-1 (ML-1) in 20 mammary cancer patients. Results showed that subcutaneous injections of the different dosages (0.5 and 1.0 ng ML-1/kg body weight, twice a week, for 5 weeks) led to statistically significant increases of defined peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (helper T cells, natural killer cells) which are gerneally beleived to be involved in antitumor activity." --- Gary Null, Ph.D., The Clinician's Handbook of Natural Healing
"This study isolated a tumor reducing component from mistletoe extract (Iscador) and identified to be a peptide of approximate molecular weight 5000. The isolated peptide reduced the solid tumour induced by Dalton's lymphoma ascites tumour cells in mice and was highly cytotoxic to the DLA cells but was not cytotoxic to normal lymphocytes, indicating a cell dependent specificity. —G. Kuttan, et al., "Isolation and Identification of a Tumour Reducing Component from mistletoe Extract (Iscador)," Cancer Letters, 41(3), August 30, 1988, p. 307-314." --- Gary Null, Ph.D., The Clinician's Handbook of Natural Healing
"Petricic J and Kalogjera Z: Isolation of glucosides from mistletoe leaves (Viscum album L.). Acta Pharm Jugosl 30,163,1980. 10. Wagner H, et al.: Phenylpropanes and lignanes of Viscum album. Planta Medica 2,102, 1986. 11. Petkov V: Plants with hypotensive, antiatheromatous and coronary dilatating action. Am J Chin Med 7,197-236,1979. 12. Hajto T: Immunomodulating effects of Iscador: A Viscum album preparation. Oncology 43(Suppl. 1), 51-65,1986. 13. Jordan E and Wagner H: Detection and quantitative determination of lectins and viscotoxins in mistletoe preparations." --- Michael T. Murray, N.D., The Healing Power of Herbs: The Enlightened Person's Guide to the Wonders of Medicinal Plants
"Since pharmacologically active compounds appear to be concentrated within the mistletoe, different host trees providing different chemical constituents could be used for different therapeutic action. In addition, the proteins/lectins are present only in aqueous (water) extracts, indicating therapeutic activity may differ from aqueous and alcoholic/aqueous (tincture) extracts. The alcoholic/aqueous extracts would also demonstrate considerably less toxicity. History and folk use Mistletoe was held in great reverence by the druids. Dressed in white robes, they would search for the sacred plant." --- Michael T. Murray, N.D., The Healing Power of Herbs: The Enlightened Person's Guide to the Wonders of Medicinal Plants
"The blood pressure-lowering activity may depend on the form in which the mistletoe is administered and the host tree from which it was collected. Studies indicate aqueous extracts are more effective and the highest hypotensive activity was demonstrated by a macerate of leaves of mistletoe growing on willow, gathered in January.11 If nonprotein viscum components (e.g., flavonoids, phenol carboxylic acids, phenylpropanes, and lignans) were shown to possess blood pressure-lowering action, then alcoholic solutions (tinctures and fluid extracts) may be useful solutions." --- Michael T. Murray, N.D., The Healing Power of Herbs: The Enlightened Person's Guide to the Wonders of Medicinal Plants
"Even the mistletoe growing on the mulberry tree has positive therapeutic properties not unlike European mistletoe (Viscum album). Both are used for hypertension and are classified as being antispasmodic and antirheumatic. Both have analgesic and anticarcinogenic properties. They are used for hypertension and to relieve rheumatic pains and spasms especially of the upper part of the body. Dose, 9-15 grams." --- Michael Tierra, The Way of Herbs
"In one study of women with breast cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy, half the patients were given a preparation of mistletoe, while half were given a placebo. After the fourth round of chemo, those getting mistletoe had three times as many white blood cells as the control group (3,000 count vs. 1,000 count). The Journal of the National Cancer Institute reported that polyphenals from green tea induced cell death in carcinoma cells in vitro. An extract of green algae showed a "pronounced antitumor effect" in mice." --- The Disinformation Company, Everything You Know Is Wrong: The Disinformation Guide to Secrets and Lies
"Skeptics make fun of the manner in which mistletoe is gathered. A quack-baiting Website sneers at claims that "the time of picking the plants [is] important because they react to the influences of the sun, moon, and planets." However, there is a core of rationality to many traditional practices. Certain chemicals in mistletoe can combine with metals to form organometaflic compounds, which have different biological or medicinal properties than the ones naturally found in the plant." --- Ralph W. Moss PhD, Herbs Against Cancer: History and Controversy
"Those with late-stage cancers say mistletoe makes a dramatic improvement in general health. See Materia Medica for dose. (Mistletoe resources, page 167.) • Vaccine-like preparations of killed bacteria stimulate dramatic activity in the immune system, including an increase in tumor necrosis factor which causes tumors to hemorrhage and liquefy. These preparations are currendy being tested on women with breast (and ovarian) cancers. • Chemotherapy is being urged on more and more women in earlier and earlier stages of breast cancer." --- Susun S. Weed, Breast Cancer? Breast Health! The Wise Woman Way
"Results & Notes: mistletoe has been used clinically in Europe for the treatment of breast (and other) cancers since 1926. It is most effective when injected under the skin near the tumor, but the tincture is also used orally as a systemic treatment. mistletoe is said to work by causing an inflammatory reaction which walls off the tumor, checking its growth and spread. References: 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 18, 21, 23. Illustrated on page 158." --- Susun S. Weed, Breast Cancer? Breast Health! The Wise Woman Way
"Other Names: European mistletoe (Do not use American mistletoe) Type: Stimulating/Sedating Found in: Semiparasitic on deciduous trees in Europe, northern Asia. Part Used: Leaves and young twigs collected just before berries form; best after fermentation in water. Actions & Uses: Inhibits tumors; cytotoxic; cytostatic; enhances immune system (increases macrophages, natural killer cells, and T-cells); increases weight of thymus; tonifies heart and nerves. Important Constituents: Flavonoids, lectins, polypeptides, polysaccharides, saponins, tannins, tri-terpenes, viscotoxin." --- Susun S. Weed, Breast Cancer? Breast Health! The Wise Woman Way
"Heiny BM: Adjuvant treatment with standardized mistletoe extract reduces leukopenia and improves the quality of life of patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast getting palliative chemotherapy (VEC regimen). Krebsmedizin 12, 3-14,1991. 29. British Herbal Medicine Association, Scientific Committee: British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. British Herbal Medicine Association, Cowling, England, 1983, pp. 235-236. 30. Khwaja TA, et al.: Isolation of biologically active alkaloids from Korean mistletoe Viscum album, coloratum. Experientia 36, 599-600,1980. 31." --- Michael T. Murray, N.D., The Healing Power of Herbs: The Enlightened Person's Guide to the Wonders of Medicinal Plants
"A Swiss study of fourteen breast cancer patients showed that a standardized extract of mistletoe, iscador, increased the rate at which breast cells were able to repair their DNA. Repairing DNA prevents mutations that can result in the formation of cancerous cells. At the beginning of the study, the rate at which cancer patients' cells repaired DNA damage was only 16 percent of that in healthy individuals. After just nine days of treatment, the rate increased to nearly 50 percent. In animal studies, mistletoe extracts prevent the spread of melanoma to lung tissue by approximately 80 percent." --- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Herbal Healing: An Easy-to-Use A-Z Reference to Hundreds of Common Disorders and Their Herbal Remedies
"Tumors that are ordinarily immune to natural killer (NK) cells are conditioned by treatment with mistletoe to allow NK cells to "lock onto" and destroy cancer cells. mistletoe extracts increase the activity of NK cells by as much as five- to tenfold. The extracts also stimulate movement of immune cells called T cells that "patrol" the body seeking cancer and infection. In addition, these extracts also increase the production of beneficial free radicals that fight a wide range of cancers." --- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Herbal Healing: An Easy-to-Use A-Z Reference to Hundreds of Common Disorders and Their Herbal Remedies
 
Now let's take a few patents:
EFFECT OF KOREAN MISTLETOE EXTRACT ON THE EXTENSIONS OF LIFE SPAN
Abstract -- PURPOSE: A Viscum album extract with anti-aging activity is provided to ensure life extension and to improve human health by being applied to functional foods or pharmaceutical compositions. CONSTITUTION: A Viscum album extract has an anti-aging activity. The Viscum album extract is obtained by cold water extraction or hot water extraction. The cold water extraction is performed by adding 1L of water to 200g of Viscum album and stirring for 2-4 hours. The hot water extraction is performed by adding 1L of water to 200 of Viscum album cold water extract and heating at 100[deg.]C for 30 minutes. A functional food composition with anti-aging activity contains Viscum album extract as an active ingredient. A pharmaceutical composition for anti-aging activity contains Viscum album extract as an active ingredient.
Mistletoe polysaccharide, as well as preparation and use thereof
Abstract -- A mistletoe polysaccharide consists of glucose, arabinose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid, with the molecular weight of 1.1 multiplied by 10-3.4 multiplied by 10Da, the terminal group carbon of Alpha-configuration, and the specific rotation of [Alpha]D being equal to plus 134.6 degrees to plus 167.3 degrees; and the basic skeleton of the polysaccharide consists of 1-5 glycosidic bond connected Arab sugar and 1-6 glycosidic bond connected galactose. The mistletoe polysaccharide is obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, an ion exchange chromatography and a molecular sieve chromatography by further purification. The mistletoe polysaccharide has obvious inhibition action on Hela cells and mouse transplanted tumors S-180, so the polysaccharide can be used for preparing drugs for treating cancer.
EXTRACTS ISOLATED FROM MISTLETOE FOR ENHANCING POWER OF EXERCISE PERFORMANCE AND SUPPRESSING FATIGUE
Abstract -- PURPOSE: A composition containing Viscum album extract is provided to enhance exercise ability and suppress fatigue in muscle. CONSTITUTION: A Viscum album extract which relieves fatigue is obtained by cold water extraction or hot water extraction. The cold water extract is obtained by adding 1L of water to 200g of Viscum album then stirring at 4[deg.]C for two hours. The hot water extract is obtained by adding 1L of water to 200g of residual extract of cold water then heating at 100[deg.]C for 30 minutes. A functional food composition or pharmaceutical composition for enhancing exercise activity or relieving fatigue contains the Viscum album extract as an active ingredient.
THE METHOD OF EXTRACTING USEFUL COMPONENT FROM MISTLETOE, AND THE EXTRACT
Abstract -- A method for extracting a useful anticancer component from mistletoe(Viscum album L.) is provided to inhibit hypersensitivity causing allergy and improve anticancer and immunity cell-activating effects by fermentation, and reduce the extraction costs by simplifying the extraction procedures. A method for extracting a useful component from mistletoe comprises the steps of: (a) dipping mistletoe in water of pH 5.5-5.7 for 2 hours; (a) steaming the dipped mistletoe in a vessel to sterilize it; (c) inoculating a mycelium of shiitake mushroom into the sterilized mistletoe and fermenting it at 25-27 deg.; C for 2-3 weeks, and further comprises a step (d) of drying and pulverizing the fermented mistletoe, extracting and filtering the mistletoe powder with sodium chloride solution, and regulating pH of the filtered solution by treatment of acid/alkali, wherein the useful component is lectin having anticancer activity. Further, 1 to 10% of yeast powder is additionally added into the water in the step (a).
Mistletoe chitin-binding lectin
Abstract -- Mistletoe chitin-binding lectin in the form of a homo-dimeric protein consisting of two identical subunits with a molecular weight of 10.8 kDa, is new. Also claimed is a process for producing the lectin by extraction from plant material followed by chromatography.

The invention relates to a novel lectin, chitin, a process for its preparation and its use.

The lectins of mistletoe (Viscuin album) in the last two decades have become increasingly important.

Known mistletoe lectins consist of two disulfide-linked chains (A and B), and work in low concentrations of both immunostimulatory and cytotoxic effects on different cell systems.

For the A-chain has been determined that it inhibits the RNA N-glycosidase activity, the protein synthesis; realizes the B-chain with carbohydrate binding activity of the cell contact.

Detailed studies have shown that leaves and other tissues of the mistletoe lectins contain three (H. Franz (1991) in Advances in Lectin Research, Franz, H., ed) vol.
4, 33-50, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York).

Mistletoe lectin I (ML I) is a dimer with two [ASSB] pairs, lectin II (ML II) and lectin III (ML III), however, monomeric RIP in the second type are
At present, the use of mistletoe lectin I is preferred.

The standardization of therapeutically used mistletoe extracts has previously not possible.

Surprisingly, now another lectin was found, which can be classified due to its structure and specificity in the group of chitin plant lectins.

Preferably, a new chitin agglutinin.
It is called Viscum album agglutinin or VisalbCBA chitin, which was isolated from the European mistletoe.

The novel lectin is a dimeric protein composed of two identical subunits of 10.8 kDa.

Surprisingly, it differs totally from the other previously described lectins ML I, ML II and ML III.

So it has carbohydrate-binding specificity to oligomers of acetylglucosamine and shows sequence homology to chitin plant proteins, such as the Bohnenchitinase, the Nessellektin domain 1 or similar.

The new lectin is characterized by the N-terminal amino acid sequence of IDH RCGRE ATPPG KLCND GRCCS QWS.

The isolation and purification of new chitin lectin by known methods by a combination of classical protein extraction techniques and affinity chromatography.
In a first step, the type 2 RIP lectins ML I, ML II and ML III are separated, and subsequently carried out by affinity chromatography on a Chitinsäule the final cleaning of the novel lectin.

The thus prepared lectin is not glycosylated, soluble in water and acetic acid.
Furthermore, it is an extremely stable protein at pH values ??between 1 and 12 and is characterized by heat resistance.

Due to its high stability, VisalbCBA suitable for use in medical preparations.

The invention therefore also concerns the use of new chitin lectin.
It is particularly appropriate as cytotoxic agent used with conventional pharmaceutical excipients and additives.

It was also found that the lectin affects the immune system, where it exerts a direct effect, but also indirectly through interactions were with the immunomodulator ML I. Thus, in combination with ML I found synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects.

Then the invention of exemplary embodiments will be explained in more detail:

Example 1

Isolation of a chitin mistletoe lectin

1 kg leaves and twigs of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) are homogenized in 10 l of 20 mM acetic acid with a Waring blender.

The homogenate was filtered and centrifuged (8,000 g for 10 minutes), the supernatant is decanted and filtered through glass wool (to remove the floating particles).

After addition of 1.5 g / l CaCl 2 with 1N NaOH, the extract is adjusted to a pH 9.0 and held for 3 hours at 2 ° C.

The precipitate is separated by centrifugation (3,000 g for 10 min) removed and the clear extract is adjusted with 1 N acetic acid to pH 3.0.

After standing overnight in a cold room, the extract was centrifuged again (3,000 g for 10 minutes) and the supernatant is filtered through filter paper (Whatman 3MM).

The filtrate is dissolved in an equivalent amount of distilled water and applied to a cation exchange column (10 cm x 5 cm, 200 ml volume) of S Fast Flow (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) equilibrated with 20 mM acetic acid.

After loading the proteins, the column with 2 liters of 20 mM sodium formate (pH 3.8) is washed and the bound proteins were eluted with 500 ml of 0.5 M NaCl in the same buffer.

To eliminate the type 2 RIP lectins ML I, ML II and ML III, the desorbed protein mixture is subjected to the S Fast Flow column following affinity chromatography on a galactose-Sepharose 4B and fetuin-Sepharose 4B.

Thus, the partially purified protein fraction with 1 N NaOH to pH 7.4 and is set to a column (10 cm x 2.6 cm, about 50 ml) with galactose-Sepharose 4B applied, which is eliminated in ML-I.

After passing through the protein fraction of the column with 200 ml of PBS (phosphate buffered saline).

The ML-I-free fraction and the washed solution to a fetuin-Sepharose 4B column (10 cm x 2.6 cm, about 50 ml) was added for removal of ML II and ML III.

The unbound proteins (which are free of ML II, ML II and ML III) are the first 200 ml of PBS wash solution and combined on a chitin column (20 cm x 2.6 cm, approximately 100 ml - Type C-7170, Sigma brought).

Unbound proteins are removed by washing the column with PBS until the A280 fell below 0.01.

At the end of the lectin was desorbed with 20 mM acetic acid and then either dialyzed against PBS and stored at -20 ° C until his use or dialyzed against water and lyophilized.

Example 2

Analytical gel filtration of the purified lectin

The analytical gel filtration of the purified lectin, called VisalbCBA is, as on a Pharmacia Superose 12 column, the 10 mg / ml of a mixture of N-acetylglucosamine oligomers (to prevent binding of the lectin to the column), using PBS running buffer carried out.

Since the analogue of chitin lectins hevein domain are composed of the M r of the new mistletoe lectin using wheat germ agglutinin (34 kDa) and Nessellektin (M r 8.5 kDa) was determined as marker proteins.

In the following, the N-terminal amino acid sequences of chitin VisalbCBA and some vegetable proteins, composed of the corresponding domains are compared.

Cysteine ??residues (found in italics) were not identified, and that is positive, since this instability on underivatized PTH-cys are due.

However, dehydroalanine, a typical beta-elimination product of cystine was observed in all the relevant compounds.

The sequences of hevein, and Nessellektin Bohnenchitinase were from Broekaert, WF et al, (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 7633-7637; Beitema, JJ, and Peumans, WJ (1992) FEBS Lett. 299, 131-134 and Broglie, KE et al (1986) Proc.
ibid., 83, 6820-6824 removed.

Identical amino acids are marked with *.
EMI5.1

Example 3

Analytical detection of VisalbCBA

The Lektinpräparationen were by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) using 12.5 to 25% (mass / volume) Acrylamidgradienten gels according to Laemmli, UK (1970) Nature 227, 680-685 analyzed.

Example 4

Agglutination

The specific Agglutinationsaktivität was determined using untreated and treated rabbits and human (type A) erythrocytes.
The agglutination assays were held in small glass vessels with a final volume of 0.1 ml containing a 1% suspension of red blood cells and 10 mu l cross or Lektinlösungen extracts.
The agglutination was visually inspected after one hour at room temperature.
VisalbCBA agglutinated untreated and trypsin-treated red blood cells of rabbits at concentrations between 2.5 mu g / ml and 10 mu g / ml.
When using human erythrocytes, the value was 3 times as high (5 mu g / ml and 30 mu g / ml).

The carbohydrate-binding specificity of lectin was determined using the agglutination of Haptenhemmungsassays Kaninchenerythrocyten with glycoproteins, such
As thyroglobulin, fetuin, asialofetuin and ovomucoid and series of simple sugars.

Table 1 shows the carbohydrate-binding specificity of VisalbCBA:

Table 1
EMI6.1
IC50: concentration, the trypsin-treated, a 50% inhibition of agglutination of rabbit erythrocytes at a lectin concentration of 20 mu g / ml causes.

Example 5

Stability testing

To evaluate the stability of chitin lectin VisalbCBA the effects under adverse conditions and some proteolytic enzymes were investigated.

The use of proteases such as trypsin and chymotrypsin do not affect the activity of the lectin. It was completely stable in a pH range of 1 to 12. Moreover, it proved to be extremely resistant to heat. About 50% of Agglutinationsaktivität remained after cooking the Lektinlösung in PBS for 5 min.

Example 6

Cytotoxicity

Investigations of the cytotoxicity of the new lectin in comparison to ML I, ML II and ML III were performed using Molt-4 cells.

The result is shown in Table 2 below:

Table 2

Survival rate of all cells in% Lektinkonzentration (ng / ml)
EMI7.1

As Table 2 indicates, the novel lectin VisalbCBA has a toxic effect at concentrations above 100 ng / ml, this is lower than that of ML I, ML II and ML III, but it can thus certainly be regarded as a cytotoxic agent.

Example 7

Influence the immune system

VisalbCBA causes the release of cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma-j from peripheral mononuclear cells from healthy blood donors at concentrations> 90 ng / ml.

I was pretty happy like this :)...More like this one :lol: to find all those excerpts in this one LINK
 
What a compilation, Zak! :thup:
With all these info, you could write an article for Sott :D to sumerize all this knowledge.

Doctors and scientists have lost so much time and money with chemical products
 
nature said:
(...)
Doctors and scientists have lost so much time and money with chemical products
There are some good (bad) reasons for that statu quo:
https://www.sott.net/article/321990-Cancer-business-Advertising-by-US-cancer-centers-has-tripled-in-past-decade
https://www.sott.net/article/316188-The-business-of-modern-cancer-treatment
https://www.sott.net/article/267478-Greed-Why-an-accepted-cure-for-cancer-wont-be-found

And this (in French):
https://fr.sott.net/article/30124-Russie-test-reussi-d-un-produit-contre-tous-les-types-de-cancer
 
I've always believed that there was something magical about mistletoe.
 
Be careful what you put in your tea Martina ! :lol:
I am joking, but for some "one of 'mistletoe lectins' is a possible weapon of mass destruction in a concentrated form".
Well in this case we can put the most toxic plants in a concentrated form as a weapon of MD.
Arguments for the treatment
There is now considerable research and many trials that seem to show that mistletoe therapy can be effective. The extracts, which are injected subcutaneously, are thought to stimulate the body’s immune system, and are said to give patients a better quality of life whilst undergoing conventional cancer treatment. The therapy is widely used in continental Europe and is gaining in popularity in Britain and North America.

Anthroposophic researchers have found that mistletoe from differing hosts, and at different times of the year has subtly different chemical properties, and prescribe different variants of extract for each type of cancer.

Some of the active ingredients in mistletoe do seem to have potential use in cancer treatment, with conventional medical research finding that the complex compounds (Viscotoxins and Mistletoe Lectins) found in mistletoe can have specific effects on cancer cells and stimulate the immune system.
Arguments against the treatment
Despite the growing popularity of the treatment there is considerable unease about it in the conventional medical establishment. A key issue seems to relate to why mistletoe? Extracts of many semi-poisonous plants will have significant effects on biological systems, and may affect cancer cells or, in an injected form, affect the immune system. There is an argument along the lines of mistletoe is not necessarily the best plant available and appears to have been selected on a fairly ad hoc basis.

Another major concern is quality of the (admittedly numerous) clinical trials, which are said to not be robust enough and often based on an atypical sample of patients.

Critics are also wary of the dangers of the plant, and warn that it could cause harm. The mistletoe lectins are particularly interesting in this respect. They are similar in structure to Ricin, a lectin from castor oil plant. This lectin, once notorious for its use in the umbrella tip poisoning of BBC World Service journalist Georgi Markov in 1978, has recently been listed in the UK Terrorism Act Schedules, as a possible ‘weapon of mass destruction’ in concentrated form. One of the mistletoe lectins is also listed in the Terrorism Act Schedules (but there’s no suggestion that this has any bearing on cancer therapy!)
.
http://mistletoe.org.uk/homewp/index.php/medicine/cancer-therapy/
 
More pictures of mistletoe in different states taken in recent days:
 

Attachments

  • IMG_20170407_101056.jpg
    IMG_20170407_101056.jpg
    1 MB · Views: 2
  • IMG_20170407_102630.jpg
    IMG_20170407_102630.jpg
    1.8 MB · Views: 2
  • IMG_20170407_101505.jpg
    IMG_20170407_101505.jpg
    914.9 KB · Views: 2
  • IMG_20170407_101139.jpg
    IMG_20170407_101139.jpg
    515.9 KB · Views: 2
  • IMG_20170407_101015.jpg
    IMG_20170407_101015.jpg
    955.4 KB · Views: 2
  • IMG_20170407_100726.jpg
    IMG_20170407_100726.jpg
    1.2 MB · Views: 1
  • IMG_20170407_100527.jpg
    IMG_20170407_100527.jpg
    1.4 MB · Views: 1
  • IMG_20170407_100306.jpg
    IMG_20170407_100306.jpg
    1.3 MB · Views: 1
  • IMG_20170405_112348_1.jpg
    IMG_20170405_112348_1.jpg
    788.4 KB · Views: 1
  • IMG_20170405_112226_1.jpg
    IMG_20170405_112226_1.jpg
    731 KB · Views: 14
And:
 

Attachments

  • IMG_20170407_110313.jpg
    IMG_20170407_110313.jpg
    650.5 KB · Views: 2
  • IMG_20170407_110333.jpg
    IMG_20170407_110333.jpg
    1.4 MB · Views: 2
  • IMG_20170407_110440.jpg
    IMG_20170407_110440.jpg
    616.3 KB · Views: 2
  • IMG_20170407_110704.jpg
    IMG_20170407_110704.jpg
    436.8 KB · Views: 2
  • IMG_20170407_174237.jpg
    IMG_20170407_174237.jpg
    554.9 KB · Views: 2
  • IMG_20170407_102725.jpg
    IMG_20170407_102725.jpg
    2 MB · Views: 1
  • IMG_20170407_112716.jpg
    IMG_20170407_112716.jpg
    773.6 KB · Views: 1
Back
Top Bottom