Poland

Yes, I have (see here). I think he presents a very compelling case, and he even agrees somewhat with a more "hyperdimensional" explanation of these long-running conspiracies (he didn't use that term, but alluded to it in an interview).

Yet I think these sweeping narratives/conspiracies are just one angle, and this doesn't mean we can ignore the more mundane diplomatic and other dynamics playing out in history, because they are the vehicle to realize those long plans, exploiting the sentiments of those involved. So you can analyze certain decisions and dynamics somewhat independently from the "grand conspiracy", and ask questions such as how the German invasion of Poland came about. It's like with the Ukraine situation: on the one hand, it's a grand conspiracy by the US to weaken Russia, so in some sense Ukraine had no options but doing uncle sam's will; but on the other hand, we should still analyze the specifics of how it played out, why and how Ukraine did the things it did, who was involved, what were they thinking, and so on. And there are always many other aspects that play a role in these situations beside the "grand plan".

Hence I think that a take like Preparata (basically that Britain had a long-standing plan to crush the rising Germany and especially its alliance with Russia, and that WWI, Hitler and WWII were the vehicles of doing it) is valid and explains a great deal, but there are other angles from which to look at it that are important, such as internal German affairs, diplomacy, culture, various interests, etc.

It seems to me that to even approach something like historical truth, it's necessary to go at it from different, sometimes contradictory angles: conspiracy, economy, individual interests, group phenomena (mass psychology, collective karma...), culture, philosophy, ideology etc. And also compare the different "victim narratives" each nation puts forth, where each of those ignores a whole lot, but also expresses a truth, and can tell us something about why people acted the way they did. When doing that, hopefully at least a clearer understanding will emerge, even though ultimately we can never know the "complete true story" because as you say we can't read the minds of historical actors.



Indeed, but unfortunately almost all historians are like that (every historian presents a certain "case"), so we have no choice but looking at different "stories" historians tell about historical events, and learn to read between the lines. The problem is that someone who has a great command of the sources can almost argue for any "case" by selecting the sources and quotes that seem to support it, while withholding the sources and quotes that would contradict it. You can only spot this if you are familiar with the sources yourself. So yeah, it's a huge mess, and we really need to "think with a hammer" and try to put ourselves in the shoes of people in the past to get a read on "what's the overall picture here". It's desperate, but still worthwhile!
One of the darkest periods in Polish history was the partition of our territory by Prussia, Russia and Austria. At least this is how it is presented in the mainstream.
On the other hand (I can't remember now where I read about it) from the point of view of the Polish peasant, farmer it looked completely different.
The Polish nobility treated them like slaves, so when they came under the Russian partition and were enfranchised they thanked the gods for the change in their fate.
The point of view depends on the point of sitting.
 
I learnt something new which I must share 😀.

I bet if I said Patek Phillipe most would just think of the fancy watch company from Switzerland but most Poles wouldn't recognise that Patek was a Pole.

 
I learnt something new which I must share 😀.

I bet if I said Patek Phillipe most would just think of the fancy watch company from Switzerland but most Poles wouldn't recognise that Patek was a Pole.

Oh, we know it very well :-D
 
Hard to give him a statue, he did nice but only watches after all :-D
It is more a kind of little not pushy memorial for the locals so they don't forget they are part of the history too
 
Is anyone here making any plans regarding military activities that are possibly going to happen in Poland? Things like military exercises and other ones that aim to change the status of a person regarding the armed forces. Below is a good Q&A video on this matter, with some paid papers provided by the speaker on her site.

Key Guidance on Military Service Obligations​

The central theme is that individuals can legally refuse military duties based on a change in worldview, such as converting to pacifism. The primary strategy involves preparing specific legal documents to be filed at the appropriate time.

* Application for Substitute Service: Individuals wishing to object to military service can apply for a substitute service. The speaker stresses a critical time constraint: the application for substitute service (document 0,87) can only be submitted on the single day the person physically receives a call-up notice for military exercises or a mobilization card.
* Renouncing the Military Oath: For reservists who have previously taken a military oath, it is recommended to first submit a declaration renouncing it (document 0,70), citing a fundamental change in personal beliefs or conscience that makes holding a weapon unacceptable.
* What is Substitute Service?: This is a form of compulsory service performed in unarmed roles for public institutions within Poland. Examples include logistical support for hospitals, administrative work, or construction. It does not involve handling weapons or being deployed outside the country. This service is only enacted when general military service is required, not on an individual basis during peacetime.

Advice for Specific Circumstances​

The speaker addresses a variety of individual situations concerning military call-ups:

* Medical Fitness Categories:
* Category E (permanently unfit for service) is the only category that provides a complete exemption from all military obligations. Anyone with this category who receives a call-up should immediately send proof to the military recruitment center (WCR).
* Category D (temporarily unfit) only exempts a person from military exercises in peacetime; it does not provide an exemption from service during mobilization or war.
* Reservists Called for Exercises: A reservist, even one who took the oath decades ago, can argue that their beliefs have changed and they have become a pacifist. This forms the basis for submitting the documents to renounce the oath and apply for substitute service.
* Polish Citizens Living Abroad: Citizens intending to reside outside of Poland for more than six months must report this fact to the WCR. Submitting a formal declaration of intent for permanent stay abroad (document 0,71) is recommended to prevent receiving call-up notices.
* Pacifism and Religious Beliefs: For members of registered pacifist churches, their objection is easier to prove through the statutes of their religious association. For non-religious pacifists or those belonging to religions without explicit pacifist statutes, the process is more complex and requires individual consultation to properly document their convictions.
* In-Demand Professions: The military shows particular interest in individuals with technical skills, such as electricians, IT specialists, mechanics, and those in medical-adjacent fields. Call-ups can occur for people with these qualifications up to the age of 60, even if they have never worked in that profession.
* Exemptions for Family Reasons: While a person can be exempted from exercises by citing childcare responsibilities or care for a sick family member, doing so forfeits the one and only opportunity to apply for substitute military service in the future.
* Military Booklets: The speaker asserts that military booklets are official documents that should be protected. They should not be sent back to the authorities, as there is no legal procedure for their return. A person's right to change their beliefs over time is a recurring point, allowing even former soldiers or military enthusiasts to later become conscientious objectors.
 
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