Here are some comments of Gurdjieff about self-observation taken from his talks compiled in "Views from the Real World".
[quote author=VFTRW]
Man, such as we know him, is a machine. This idea of the mechanicalness of man must be very clearly understood and well-represented to oneself in order to see all its significance and all the consequences and results arising from it.
First of all everyone should understand his own mechanicalness. This understanding can come only as the result of a rightly formulated self-observation. As to self-observation—it is not so simple a thing as it may seem at first sight. Therefore the teaching puts as the foundation stone the study of the principles of right self-observation. But before passing to the study of these principles a man must make the decision that he will be absolutely sincere with himself, will not close his eyes to anything, will not turn aside from any results, wherever they may lead him, will not fear any deductions, will not limit himself to any previously erected walls. For a man unaccustomed to thinking in this direction, very much courage is required to accept sincerely the results and conclusions arrived at. They upset man's whole line of thinking and deprive him of his most pleasant and dearest illusions. He sees, first of all, his total impotence and helplessness in the face of literally everything that surrounds him. Everything possesses him, everything rules him. He does not possess, does not rule anything. Things attract or repel him. All his life is nothing but a blind following of those attractions and repulsions. Further, if he is not afraid of the conclusions, he sees how what he calls his character, tastes and habits are formed: in a word, how his personality and individuality are built up.
But man's self- observation, however seriously and sincerely it may be carried out, by itself cannot draw for him an absolutely true picture of his internal mechanism.
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Others often see us better than we do - thus the need for networking. Also cognitive psychology - especially the
adaptive unconscious , the concept of two levels of thinking (
Thinking: Fast and Slow ) and the study of various cognitive biases are very useful to get a real feel for our mechanicalness. Without the aid of these tools available to us today, it is easy to fall into the trap of mentalizing self-observation - as has perhaps been the case with several 4th Way groups.
Continued
[quote author=VFTRW]
The starting points of this self-observation are:
1) that we are not one.
2) that we have no control over ourselves. We do not control our own mechanism.
3) we do not remember ourselves. If I say 'I am reading a book' and do not know that 'I' am reading, that is one thing, but when I am conscious that 'I' am reading, that is self- remembering.
Question: Doesn't cynicism result?
Answer: Quite true. If you go no further than to see that you and all men are machines, you will simply become cynical. But if you carry your work on, you will cease to be cynical.
Question: Why?
Answer: Because you will have to make a choice, to decide —to seek either to become completely mechanical or completely conscious.
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Cognitive psychology shows us in no uncertain terms that we are not one and we have little control over our thinking and actions. (Wilson's book on adaptive unconscious is titled "Stranger to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious"). 4th Way continues on the path by stating that it is possible to become conscious.
[quote author=VFTRW]
Question: What is the method of the Institute?
Answer: The method is a subjective one, that is, it depends on the individual peculiarities of each person. There is only one general rule which can be applied to everyone— observation. This is indispensable for all. However,
this observation is not for change but for seeing oneself. Everyone has his own peculiarities, his own habits which a man usually does not see. One must see those peculiarities. In this way one may "discover many Americas." Every small fact has its own basic cause. When you have collected material about yourselves it will be possible to speak; at present, conversation is only theoretical.
If we put weight on one side, we must balance it in some way.
By trying to observe ourselves, we get practice in concentration, which will be useful even in ordinary life.
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Question: How can we gain attention?
Answer: There is no attention in people. You must aim to acquire this. Self-observation is only possible after acquiring attention. Start on small things.
Question: What small things can we start on? What should we do?
Answer: Your nervous and restless movements make every- one know, consciously or unconsciously, that you have no authority and are a booby. With these restless movements you cannot be anything. The first thing for you to do is to stop these movements. Make this your aim, your God. Even get your family to help you. Only after this, you can perhaps gain attention. This is an example of doing.
Another example—an aspiring pianist can never learn except little by little. If you wish to play melodies without first practicing, you can never play real melodies. The melodies you will play will be cacophonous and will make people suffer and hate you. It is the same with psychological ideas: to gain anything, long practice is necessary.
Try to accomplish very small things first. If at first you aim at big things you will never be anything. And your manifestations will act like cacophonous melodies and cause people to hate you.
Question: What must I do?
Answer: There are two kinds of doing—automatic doing, and doing according to aim.
Take a small thing which you now are not able to do, and make this your aim, your God. Let nothing interfere. Only aim at this. Then, if you succeed in doing this, I will be able to give you a greater task. Now you have an appetite to do things too big for you. This is an abnormal appetite. You can never do these things, and this appetite keeps you from doing the small things you might do. Destroy this appetite, forget big things. Make the breaking of a small habit your aim.
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