Nora Gedgaudas includes a chapter on Adrenal Fatigue in her book "Primal Body, Primal Mind". As a specialist in neurofeedback, she has some interesting experiences worth sharing. Including what she calls "adrenal dysregulation" which can lead to adrenal fatigue:
Among the most common modern-day afflictions, both diagnosed by holistic practitioners and undiagnosed, is what is known as adrenal exhaustion. This is brought about by chronic or severe stress; chronic exposure to foods that trigger sensitivity reactions; exposure to electro-magnetic frequency (EMF) pollution from cell phones, cordless phones, Wi-Fi routers, and other electronic sources; and especially excess dietary; carbohydrate and blood sugar dysregulation. Adrenal stress, dysregulation, and exhaustion can leave you feeling completely worn out and depleted and can greatly interfere with normal sleep patterns. The symptoms of low adrenal function are varied, depending upon severity and individual factors. They commonly include:
• trouble staying asleep
• being a "slow starter" in the morning
• afternoon fatigue
• feeling run down or overwhelmed
• cravings for salt and sweets
• experiencing dizziness when standing up too quickly
Adrenal dysregulation can also include adrenal "hyperfunction" (not to be confused with Cushing's disease), which can eventually also lead to some stage of adrenal exhaustion. Among common symptoms of adrenal hyperfunction are:
• feeling constantly stressed out
• trouble falling asleep
• irritability and anxiety
• high blood sugar levels
• tending toward weight gain under stress
• excess perspiration or perspiring, even while inactive (in normal temperatures)
• waking up tired, seemingly no matter what
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Individuals with chronic stress or dysglycemia may exhaust the adrenal cortex's ability to produce adequate amounts of cortisol, which results in what can be termed adrenal exhaustion. Because leptin rules the endocrine roost, as it were, and insulin stands firmly second in command, the adrenal hormones, adrenaline and cortisol are next in the line of authority over your moods, energy, and well-being. The health of your thyroid depends upon the health of your adrenals. In fact, no thyroid issue can ever fully resolve or significantly improve with¬out the restoration of adrenal health.
Women must depend on healthy adrenals to ease the transition of menopause. Exhausted adrenals are unable to take the "baton" from the ovaries, as they are supposed to at this time, to continue producing needed hormones. If your adrenals are shot, that transition called menopause can be pure hell. Women with healthy adrenals at menopause barely even notice anything has happened, which is how it is supposed to be. Hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms are not remotely normal simply because they are commonplace.
Your adrenals are often the first obvious casualty of blood sugar dysregulation {high carb diets}. Stymied adrenal function can lead to chronic feelings of stress or being overwhelmed, fatigue, weight gain, insomnia, mood disor¬ders or instability, headaches or migraines, and eventually thyroid prob¬lems. (Down the road, problems with sex hormones can develop, too, via an endocrine metabolic phenomenon known as the pregnenolone steal). You will never correct a problem with your thyroid or sex hormones without first correcting adrenal imbalance. And in order to correct that, of course, you must determine and address your main adrenal stressors and address issues around insulin and leptin.
Common adrenal stressors can include blood sugar dysre_g_ulation (the big one), chronic use of stimulants, chronic high levels of EMF exposure, chronic infections, food sensitivity issues, prolonged life stress or chronic trauma, chronic lack of adequate sleep, and excessive exercise.
Apart from excess dietary carbohydrates and lifestyle issues, the next most common cause of adrenal problems is easily food_senstivities. (See chapter 28, "What about Food Allergies and Sensitivities?") Consuming food substances to which you are sensitive will automatically generate a stress response in the body that involves both cortisol and insulin. Even if your diet is low carb or low cal, it is possible to gain undesirable weight and generate systemic inflammation if you are chronically eating foods to which you are sensitive.
There are several vicious cycles that can be commonly generated from adrenal dysregulation and these are difficult to correct. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can become dysregulated, leading to many other hormonal problems. The hippocampus of the brain (found at the temporal lobes, just above the ears), which is needed for emotional and neurological stability, short-term memory, and memory consolidation, among other things, can begin degenerating as the result of excess cortisol saturation and excess excitatory activity, which can be from chronic stress, EMF pollution (a topic covered in part 3), not getting enough sleep, excess dietary carbohydrates, and food sensitivities. Also, the gastrointestinal tract can develop impaired regenerative capacity and mucosal erosion as the result of either insufficient or excess cortisol levels, which can lead to leaky gut syndrome, allergies, immune system vulnerabilities, and food sensitivities, among other things. The popular use of progesterone creams can also easily create or exacerbate cortisol excesses.
Excess leptin and insulin surges generated by chronic carbohydrate consumption can get this problematic adrenal ball rolling in no small way and create a self-perpetuating nightmare.
Suffice it to say, it ain't pretty. These vicious cycles can unravel anyone.
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(Note: Efforts to support adrenal recovery may be entirely futile with, individuals who are anemic. The presence of anemia must first be ruled out or properly addressed when seeking to support adrenal issues.)
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When addressing adrenal issues, always first consider the endocrine chain of command and be aware that in order to correct imbalances, you must always look first "upstream" and consider what may have caused the initial imbalance in the first place. Modern conventional medicine practitioners, often even holistic medicine practitioners, are quick to micro-manage hormonal issues that they are willing to recognize by prescribing hormone replacement. (Note that medical doctors tend not to recognize adrenal imbalances that are not an actual, full-blown, rare condition such as Addison's disease or Cushing's disease.) Even bioidentical hormone replacement can be extremely problematic when used in this way. This is not to say that bioidentical hormone replacement is never necessary, but it also shouldn't necessarily always be the first step in resolving imbalances. Interrelationships with other hormones must also be carefully considered.
Look to the source. Go to the foundations first—always.