Whether people believe they have enough time to accomplish their goals affects
numerous outcomes. First, perceived time availability influences some prosocial behaviors.
Classic studies on the power of the situation demonstrate that feeling time pressured hinders the
tendency to help someone in distress (Darley & Batson, 1973). Insufficient time availability is
also a common barrier to volunteering and engaging in community service (Strober & Weinberg
1980), behaviors linked to greater well-being (Thoits & Hewitt, 2001). Therefore, we predicted
that creating the perception that more time is available would augment people’s willingness to
spend time helping others.
Second, time perception affects choices people make about how to live life. For instance,
feeling that one lacks time is associated with markers of unhealthy diets, such as eating fewer
family meals at home (Neumark-Sztainer et al., 2003) and consuming fast food (Darian &
Cohen, 1995). Furthermore, not having enough time is an oft-cited reason for not engaging in
leisure experiences (Mannell & Zuzanek, 1991). Time perception may also influence decisions to
acquire experiences as opposed to material goods (Van Boven & Gilovich, 2003), a preference
pattern associated with enhanced well-being (Zhong & Mitchell, 2010). Indeed, one quality of
experiential products is that they, by their nature, require the experiencer devote time to savor the
attendant feelings and sensations (Quoidbach et al., 2010). Thus, we predicted that inducing a
sense of ample time availability would lead people to choose experiences over material goods.
Third, one’s sense of the amount of time available is often an indicator of health and
well-being. Feeling that time is constricted is associated with a heightened risk of hypertension
(Yan et al., 2003) and ailments such as headaches, stomach pain, and poor sleep quality
(Kivimäki, Kalimo, & Julkunen, 1996; Spence, Helmreich, & Pred, 1987). Mental health also
suffers to the extent time feels compressed. For instance, people who report feeling “always”
rushed have lower life satisfaction than do others (Robinson & Godbey, 1997), and feeling one
has little time available has been linked to depression symptoms (Roxburgh, 2004).
Consequently, we predicted that altering perceptions of time, through eliciting awe, would lead
people to experience boosts in momentary life satisfaction.