ark said:
So, why not start from the middle. Here it goes:
Discrete and continuous. Zeno paradoxes.
There is space and there is time. Both are basic categories of our perception. Both occupied the minds of philosophers since long. The most famous one is probably Zeno, who, according to not exactly reliable sources, lived in an ancient Greek town of Elea some 2500 years ago. Zeno of Elea is famous for using the method of reduction ad absurdum in order to prove that the very concept of motion – a continuous in time change of position in space - is an absurd. For instance, we are told that according to Zeno, the arrow cannot fly, because it cannot change its position in space during each indivisible instant of time, and time consists of such indivisible instants. Zeno’s arrow paradox is the third one narrated by Aristotle in his treatise Physics:
The third is … that the flying arrow is at rest, which result follows from the assumption that time is composed of moments …. he says that if everything when it occupies an equal space is at rest, and if that which is in locomotion is always in a now, the flying arrow is therefore motionless. [Cf. Stanford Encyclopedia of Physics, Zeno’s paradoxes, online version]
Zeno’s paradoxes occupied the minds of philosophers for a while, were, to some extent, dismissed by Aristotle, then they were dealt with by a few of representatives of the Neoplatonic school (most eminently by Damascius), then, for a long time they were essentially were forgotten, and then, again, formally dismissed by the calculus of infinitesimals developed by Leibniz, Newton, Cauchy and other mathematicians. But the fact that today’s mathematics can deal efficiently with formal description of continuous motions does not mean that that the very essence of Zeno’s paradoxes has been addressed in a way that satisfies us completely.
I guess I'm just curious really, but isn't the 'secret' of the paradox right there in plain sight (the bolded portion above)? Maybe Zeno was being clever by trying to guide us out of our thinking 'box' in order to see that space and time are
separate contexts being inappropriately squeezed into one context.
I understand that, in classical physics, space and time are classically 'measurable,' but undefined and apparently undefinable in terms of any notions more fundamental than themselves, so I'm thinking the concepts are only partial descriptions.
What I've found to be remarkable is the idea that, while "Relativity" implies relationships between space and time, when we are working in terms of space (like calculating a distance traveled), space's dimension is real and time's dimension is imaginary. Likewise when we are working in terms of time (like when calculating the age of a traveler as perceived by an observer), time's dimension is real and space's dimension is imaginary. So, it seems we don't have a time and space simultaneously. I think Ana alludes to this phenomena with her puzzlement about her space vanishing.
But what I'm wondering now, is how comes this paradox to be different from any other situation where contradiction and confusion creates a seeming paradox? Magritte shows the trick with his painting: "The Treachery of Images", which, in my interpretation, contrasts 'direct knowing' that comes from simple, direct perceiving and 'conceptual knowing' that comes from intellect's more complex, learned linguistic interpretations - two separate contexts related to 'knowing'. When placed on a single canvas, within a single frame, 'paradox' seems to arise.
Phillip Noyce also shows us the trick with his movie "Rabbit-Proof Fence" which forces together two separate cultural contexts in an attempt to make one cultural context and the suffering that results to the aboriginal children. (That movie was a very emotional experience for me).
There are many more examples, I think. One that is close to home is how Lobaczewski, Hare, Sandra Brown MA, Laura
et al show how much paradox, contradictions, confusions, bullying, trans-personification, etc., resolve by exposing (psycho)pathology and how many of our previous errors in relationships can be traced to the mistake of pathological context meeting normative context and attempting to become one context.
Is space, at its very fundamental level, discrete or continuous?
I walked out my backdoor this evening, looked around marveling at so much Nature all around me, took a deep breath of cool, slightly misted air and asked myself..." how in the world could someone 'see' space unless they think of space as an object in itself like all other 'objects'?
I'd say the only 'thing' homogeneous (uniform, continuous) is that thought and language style of 'classical' thinking methods. But that's my two pence.