I did a bit more digging on Battlestar Galactica and Caprica to get straight about some of the rumors I'd heard and suspicions I've had. It turns out Wikipedia has an entire page dedicated to "Religious and mythological references in Battlestar Galactica" (and while we know from other thread discussions Wikipedia cannot be trusted on urgent matters of reality and scientific truth, in this context it seems an adequate reference).
On the matter of the series being infused with Mormon beliefs
[quote author=_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_and_mythological_references_in_Battlestar_Galactica]
Some of the elements of the two Battlestar Galactica science-fiction television series seem obviously derived from the Mormon beliefs of their creator, Glen A. Larson. for example, in both series the planet Kobol is the ancient and distant homeworld of the human race. According to Jana Riess, author of What Would Buffy Do?, Kobol as an anagram of Kolob is only one of many plot points borrowed from Mormonism by Larson.[1] In Mormonism, Kolob is the star or planet nearest unto the throne of God.[2]
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Even though Mormonism appears to be a fundament ideology to the series, there is a veritable fruit salad of other ideologies, mythologies, and theologies that get thrown into the series. My strong suspicion that Gnosticism has been informing the writing gets the Wikipedia confirmation (FWIW) with...
[quote author=_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_and_mythological_references_in_Battlestar_Galactica]
In the re-imagined series, the Cylons are monotheistic in believing in one god, resembling a caricature of the Neo-Platonic One. However, this god is not the creator. The Cylons look upon themselves as the children of mankind and see their human creators as intrinsically flawed and want to destroy them; thus the genocide at the beginning of the 2003 miniseries. This resembles the Gnostic or dualistic belief that material creation and its creator (the Demiurge) are evil and that true salvation comes from knowledge (Greek: gnosis) of a timeless God beyond creation. According to Gnostic Christian belief, the true God is manifest on earth through Christ. Gnostics hold that their views are consistent with their own reading of canonical scriptures; however true knowledge of God can only be perceived by a chosen few through special insight or secret instruction outside of canonical scripture.
Also the Gnostic idea that the true God is irremediably concealed from much of humanity resembles the Cylon view of the worthlessness of humanity as well as the low worth of the metallic centurion Cylon models whom most of the android Cylons treat as second-class citizens. (Indeed, this is one of the issues that causes a rift, late in the series, among the android Cylons, some of whom believe that the centurions should be recognized as equals.) Some Cylons (Six, for example) also seem to think that some humans (Gaius Baltar, primarily) can be saved; although the analogy breaks down at this point because Six expects Gaius to accept the one true God on the basis of faith rather than through special knowledge.
In some ways the Cylons share a few similarities with pre-diaspora Judaism. (Not to mention that the Cylon Basestar resembles the Star of David, when seen from above.)
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Personally I like Battlestar Galactica because they use the Gayatri Mantra as the song in the opening credits ;D, and they delve into all kinds of socio-political issues triggered by scientific and technological quandries. Plus they pit major Occidental belief systems against one another and they explore evolution of life on other planets. But ultimately the series enforce earth-bound clunky-tech perceptions of time and space and their use of the cyborg theme as divine agents runs completely contrary to my understanding of potential cyborg technology.
And as for the Caprica series use of STO for "Soldiers of the One" I don't doubt the writers could've gotten their hands on Laura's material and found a convenient way of taking command of the reference. Even so I think the beauty and power of the STS/STO acronyms lie with their simple comprehensibility and clear distinction. For how easily I've seen people absorb the meaning of STS/STO that I've explained the concepts to I doubt Hollywood could erode their potency.