I wrote down some thoughts about Darwinism and morality on Substack for those interested - some of them had been discussed on this thread, but I tried to tidy them up a bit:
The problem with Darwinist conceptions of morality and altruism
luctalks.substack.com
It's a thorny issue to be sure, but the bottom line is that treating moral acts as "Darwinian payoffs" is a deeply corrupting and poor way of looking at things.
Interesting thoughts. I think Darwinists who centre 'self,' or see biological survival strictly in the organism's terms, are not seeing evolution's patterns clearly. Not that it's easy to see evolution's patterns.
In other words: why would anybody care to promote cultural norms for the benefit of the group instead of their own selfish interests? It doesn’t make sense in the Darwinian context.
There is this concept of mutualism, which I think is a handy idea to bring in here. Mutualism is a robust secondary characteristic of object relations. You don't get giant cedar trees without blueberries and black bears. You don't get salmon without the shade provided by cedars. You don't get orcas without salmon. For longer than humans have been around, whales, and whale-like creatures,
and trees have contributed to the regulation of the global biosphere by acting as carbon sinks.
Bears don't eat blueberries blueberries to help build the right environment for cedars to grow, nor do salmon spawn to help orca populations thrive. Cedars don't provide shade for salmon spawning
because they're part of a vast, complex ecosystem. There's no cause. That mutualism is the
result of functional object relations that locks in a pattern.
The explaination of that pattern -
Mutualism, a robust, secondary characteristic of object relations - is achieved through an analysis of the nature of object relations. The bear, the salmon, so on. How
do these things help each other?
How do they regulate this phenomenon? What are the behaviours, their own, individual patterns, that make this super-system possible?
In other words, Darwinists have often denied the very existence of genuine altruism: human nature is essentially selfish, and what appears to be altruism is just motivated by self-interest. Please let the magnitude of that statement sink in.
The bear might not understand the profound effects of its behaviour, but we have some fractional understanding that our values, intentions, and behaviours have a broad impact. So maybe through a self-awareness of our emergent mutualistic pattern locking (and pattern breaking, of course) we devise systems of philosophy and civility that attempt to guide the proliferation of individual rights and free enterprise or whatever else. Maybe one of these theories is a radical concept called altruism: a totally selfless act. And we ask:
is it possible? Can it be explained as a natural process? Is it part of our evolution?
It's a moral principle, a philosophical concept. Do we see it in nature? Yes, but there's no will of self behind it. It's obvious that the cedar, the orca, and the bear are all absolute beneficiaries of the lifecycle of the salmon. Altruistically speaking, the salmon's existence feeds a greater good by sustaining an interconnected, biodiverse, life-supporting system. But not through any act of conscious will...
I think I'd really just like to end with this idea that the organism, the self, the individual, while whole in themselves, are often unwittingly absolute contributors to higher systems. Humans are not excluded from this factor of the evolutionary process.
I would say that it's misguided for a Darwinist to point to the "selfishness" of genes, for example, because genes are literally selfless. That is an error in focus. They're just part of the congress of objects. It's equally wrong to identify a bear's will to survive or outcompete other bears as the crucial component of mutualistic pattern locking. It's simply that the bear was doing
something that helped lock in that pattern. And everything else around the bear
happened to do other stuff that kept it coming back. And black bears thrived for untold thousands of years this way, the full beneficiaries of the "sacrifice" of life around them. In turn, their sacrifice was made to each organism in relation.
Altruism as a philosophy or moral concept, or,
applied altruism, seems to be an attempt to manufacture something that nature produces as a matter of course. Altruism, as far as I can tell, is a byproduct of mutualistic organism/object relations beginning at the microscopic level and probably extending out into the galactic scale.
Humans complicate the altruistic process by trying to create it. I would say, sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't. Sometimes we realize we're engaged in altruistic relations with others without being aware.
Sometimes we're intentionally altruistic as
FREE AGENTS, with no agreements made between individuals. Sometimes we just decide to do something totally unselfish for strangers. That's actually quite a complex act, but yes, I don't think anyone would argue it's possible. It's not, however, appropriate for a Darwinist to look at that act and critique it on the level of survival. When we talk about adaptation and evolution, that aught not be the level of relations that's relevant.