Bobo08 said:
From my experience, some kids seem to be much more likely than others to be victims of bullying. It's like there's something that marks them out for the bullies no matter what school they go to. [..] given the often poor responses of the schools to bullying situations, what can we do to give our children that inner strength, to teach them not to be victims? [..] for small children, there's only so much you can tell them. So is there anything else you can do?
Luthien points out correctly that in some cases the victim selection is random. From my experience too, the situation when a child is a victim "no matter where they go" is not as common. Often a child bullied in one place will do quite well when changing schools or classrooms. This may have something to do with the composition of the group of people, their expectation of him/her, and his/her own expectations of how she fits in the group. That's what Pitt wrote too, he was bullied in two schools but not in the third one he went to.
My thinking is that school kids do pick on certain features or differences to mark a certain person as an "outsider" (poor language skills, marks of social status, etc), which carries the risk of bullying if a bully is present. The actual incidents of bullying though, IMO, do much more than anything else to teach someone to be a victim of bullying. It's the same dynamics as in Women Who Love Psychopaths: the victim behavior observed can be a result of bullying rather then its direct cause. This is why we have to be careful in looking for reasons of what caused the bullying, so that it doesn't turn into victim self-blaming for what has happened, which doesn't solve the problem and only contributes to self-victimization. Even the kid most at risk for bullying may never encounter any bullying in school if he or she is, by luck or by design, in an environment where it isn't prevalent.
That being said, the most important thing we can do to prevent our kids from being bullied is, IMO, to stand by them every step of the way, never leaving them alone with school and any situation there. And to make it super-clear to both the child, the teachers and everything in a classroom, that you are an active and aware parent who will provide protection and guidance if needed.
The number one problem for a bullied child is that he or she has nobody to turn to. When I was a child, an act of "telling on someone" was a mark of disgrace forever among your peers, and even among the teachers. Nothing better could be invented to keep victims silent and further victimized. The child should always know that he can tell the parent about any conflict in school. Then, you can help them work it out on their own, suggesting verbal retorts or behavioral strategies, and if those do not work, to interfere directly with either the teacher or the other parent. By doing that, a parent is teaching a child a very important lesson: even if an incident of bullying happens, the child is not alone and not a victim. The hope is that this feeling carries over to other incidents and provides not only protective self-confidence, but actual helpful skills in communication, conflict resolution, and self-preservation. This also related to reasons why anti-bullying programs, when they are in place in schools, do work. They do not so much cut out on the incidents of the bullying as they increase reporting, making it normal and unthreatening for children to tell about bullying.
The other helpful thing is to raise the child's social status in the classroom. This can be done by volunteering in the classroom, helping the teacher, and in general just being there and projecting a positive image of an active parent. This increases chances of your child being treated fairly and well by the teacher and by extension the other children. The other helpful thing is to help give your kid an aura of "coolness" among other kids and foster friendships with classmates. That could be done by arranging to bring interesting things to share in the classroom, or coming and giving a talk about some interesting experience, or organizing an after-school chess club, or simply by encouraging the child to invite friends over after school -- all simple things, but they make a difference.
fwiw,