Human Sewage Sludge Fertilizer

angelburst29

The Living Force
The subject of Human Waste (treated) Sludge being used as a fertilizer for home vegetable gardens was in the local news about two years ago, in the rural Wilkes Barre - Scranton area, Pennsylvania. A treatment plant was offering it - free, in 20 lb. dry form plastic bags. Local residents protested in opposition to it's use. It got honorable mention, as a short news clip on the TV channels and since then, there's been a media black out.

The sludge is considered "organic" and marketed the same, as an organic biodegradable processed fertilizer. It makes me wonder, if the "organic produce" I purchase from the Farmer's Market or road side stands have been grown in these "biosolid's?"

Today, I came across this article of a farmer in Lebanon Township, north of Honesdale, Pa. using it on about 100 acres of land, to fertilize hay fields. The neighbors are NOT happy. The article doesn't mention what the hay is used for (cows, horses, etc.) or if processed bails of hay are trucked to another State?

Apparently, a firm by the name of Enviro-Ventures Inc. has been in the business of selling this Human Sewage Sludge as Fertilizer for ten years.


Human Sewage Sludge Fertilizer for Hay Crops
http://wnep.com/2013/10/30/sewage-sludge-fertilizer-upsetting-neighbors/

LEBANON TOWNSHIP – People living in a community north of Honesdale say something smells funny in their neighborhood. They say an area farmer is using sewage sludge to fertilize about 100 acres of land and they’re worried that mixture may be hurting the environment.

The mixture neighbors are referring to in Lebanon Township is biosolid fertilizer. A farmer in Wayne County is using the treated human waste to help his hay crops.

The Department of Environmental Protection says this is allowed in Pennsylvania, but some neighbors still have some serious concerns.

Take a walk through Dan Fuchs’ back yard north of Honesdale and it doesn’t take long to sense a certain stench in the air, different than the farm smells he’s used to.

“Well, it smells like sewage, if there was such a thing as smell-o-vision I think it would knock your viewers off their chairs,” said Fuchs.

Fuchs says the smell is coming from this field where his neighbor is spreading what he calls sludge.

It’s actually biosolids – a mix of treated human waste and additives according to the Department of Environmental Protection.

Jim Check lives just down the road here in Lebanon Township and cares for this nearby property as well. Check says they found not once but twice a large fish kill here and waste products in the fertilizer.

“It’s sold to us in topsoil, and we’re finding applicators in it, and also septic debris in it. It just doesn’t seem right to me,” said Check, who is president of the Wilderness Lake Association.

One property owner says he’s been doing everything by the books as he spreads this biosolid fertilizer across his farm in Wayne County.

“We’re staying in our designated watershed, and I wait till it’s cold to put it on. I even spread it in the rain the other days that the odor wouldn’t be bad,” said property owner Bill Pykus.

Pykus owns this farmland and says Enviro-Ventures Inc. has been spreading the biosolids for about ten years because it’s more economical.

The company’s owner says he’s never contaminated a watershed with his products.

“No, we’re very, very cautious as to where we land apply, the farms that we will land apply on. I personally, as the owner of the company, go out to each site and inspect it and there's some sites that I won’t pass,” said Enviro-Ventures Inc. owner Ned Lang.

The DEP has investigated reports of bad smells in the area and found nothing wrong, but says if residents have proof of other problems they should report it.

Again biosolids are an acceptable fertilizer according to the Department of Environmental Protection. Officials at the DEP say if any well water tests are contaminated in this part of Wayne County that those individuals should give them a call.

"Biosolids" and Human Health
http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/16/biosolids-and-human-health/?_r=0

(Snapshop of biosolid)
Biosolids are a constantly changing brew of human, commercial, hospital and industrial wastes otherwise known as sludge. Proponents say it makes a useful fertilizer. Critics worry about the metals and pathogens that remain.

Farmers see it as a free source of fertilizer, while municipalities pay a tiny fraction of what they did for sludge removal — and less liquid waste ends up in waterways.

Still, not everyone likes the idea of biosolids. Legislators in rural Colbert County, Ala., for instance, are angling to amend the state constitution to curb biosolids use. Some Burlington City, N.C., residents have attributed their illnesses to farmers use of biosolids. And the Sierra Club and other environmental groups have recommended stricter standards for — or even prohibitions on — using biosolids as fertilizer.

What’s in biosolids that makes opponents squirm? Pharmaceuticals, steroids, flame-retardants, metals, hormones and human pathogens, among other things. Whether or not these present heath hazards when used as fertilizer, however, is a question that remains unresolved.

The Environmental Protection Agency found more than 100 toxins in its January 2009 Targeted National Sewage Sludge Survey. But the agency concluded that, “It is not appropriate to speculate on the significance of the results until a proper evaluation has been completed and reviewed.”

Indeed, research on the long-term health effects of biosolids is sparse. The organizer of the Biosolids 2009 conference, the Water Environment Federation, has pointed to a 2002 statement by the National Academy of Sciences, which concluded that “there is no documented scientific evidence” that the E.P.A.’s standards for the use and disposal of sewage sludge have “failed to protect public health.”

Biosolids - Colorado Cantaloupe - Listeria
http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/exclusive-biosolids-near-farm-examined-for-listeria-link

A company that sprays treated human waste on Colorado fields is being questioned as investigators look into the source of a listeria outbreak tied to Colorado-grown Cantaloupes.

The biosolids come from New York and are shipped to Colorado to be disposed of because New York cannot handle the volume of its human waste.

However, Colorado State University animal science professor Lawrence Goodridge said it is possible.

"If processed properly, there should not be pathogens. If they are not processed properly, if the wastewater treatment process breaks down, they could be (a) source of pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella, listeria and other pathogens," Goodridge said.

Biosolids are commonly used in many farms, said Goodridge.

While it has a safe track record in the United States, "in other countries, there have been outbreaks of food-borne pathogenic disease from biosolids," Goodridge said.

Listeriosis is a rare and serious illness caused by eating food contaminated with bacteria called listeria. People who think they might have become ill should consult their doctors. A person who becomes ill from listeria usually has a fever and muscle aches.

Listeriosis can be fatal, especially in certain high-risk groups. These groups include older adults, people with compromised immune systems and certain chronic medical conditions, such as cancer, and unborn babies and newborns. In pregnant women, listeriosis can cause miscarriage, stillbirth and serious illness or death in newborn babies, though the mother herself rarely becomes seriously ill.

Eight people have died from the latest outbreak. Two of the deaths have been in Colorado.

Biosolids Concept
http://merrellbros.com/about.php
 
Austin Texas has been doing this also.
I have never used it but a lot of "organic" gardeners swear by it. Yuck! People here pay good money for this toxic sludge.
I have visited the plant and it does not really stink that bad and is a beautiful black color. I can tell you though after the ACL fest in 2009, the whole zilker park area stank to high heaven for quit some time. It was a mess and some people reported getting sick. No surprise there. Thousands of people playing in poop. In a local paper the headline had a girl on it in a bathing suit covered in it. Most people had no idea what they were playing around in.

-http://austincut.com/2011/07/austins-dirty-secret-dillo-dirt/

A Google search for “ACL 2009” brings up images of people completely coated in a creamy, muddy slop. Before the Austin City Limits Music Festival in 2009, the City redid the Zilker turf, adding a city-made fertilizing product called Dillo Dirt. At the start of the fest, Zilker Park was looking like a pristine golf course. But heavy rains and tens of thousands of human feet turned that course into a gigantic mud pit and hundreds of people were gleefully flopping in it.

-http://austincut.com/sites/default/files/images/dillo-child.png

-http://austintexas.gov/dillodirt

Each year, thousands of tons of biosolids are anaerobically digested and composted with yard trimmings into an EPA-certified soil conditioner called Dillo Dirt. This product is donated to landscape public places and sold to commercial vendors for sale.

"Dillo Dirt™" is a compost made by the City of Austin since 1989. If you know Austin, you will not be surprised to learn that it was the first program of its kind in the state and one of the oldest in the nation. All yard trimmings collected curbside across the City as well as some of our treated sewage sludge are combined and composted to create Dillo Dirt™. The heat generated in composting (130 to 170 degrees Fahrenheit) is sufficient to virtually eliminate human and plant pathogens. After active composting for over a month, our compost is "cured" for several months, then screened to produce finished Dillo Dirt™.

Dillo Dirt™ easily meets all Texas and EPA requirements for "unrestricted" use, which even includes vegetable gardens, if you desire. Like many other composts, Dillo Dirt™ has many benefits to the soil and plants. Composts add to the organic matter in the soil, reducing watering. Organic matter feeds the microbes in the soil as well as plants, making a more healthy environment. Dillo Dirt™ is made from totally recycled materials, and this recycling is less expensive to citizens than landfilling these materials.
 
"Dillo Dirt" - Oh, good grief! The problem is worse than I could had imagined.

What's the saying, "A dog won't crap in his own back yard?" Yet, just because it's "treated", I can use it in my vegetable garden? NO WAY!

Mix GMO's with EPA-certified Dillo Dirt and what do you get, Hybred's?

I feel like clearing out everything in my refrigerator and throwing it in the trash. Problem is, it probably end up in someone's vegetable garden? Reminds me of the movie, Solvent Green.
 
Yep, it is pretty bad when all the box stores start selling you your own poop mixed with god knows what and people actually pay. And people love the stuff. I worked with the man who made the decision to use Dillo dirt on the great lawn before the ACL fest. Parks and Rec was one way to promote this "green" thing to do. It is hard to convince people other wise it is no good, when it is so heavily promoted.

Most employees in the horticulture departments are divided. As are a lot of companies in the Austin area. Most listen to the P.R. and think they are doing the right thing.

It is really very disturbing.

And then you have this

"One land application site in Travis County is a series of privately-owned cattle ranching pasturelands located off the Texas 71, just south of Richards Drive. Synagro, a Houston-based corporation that deals in biosolids, applied for a Texas Land Application Permit and got permission to spread Class B sewage sludge on several properties. The ranchers, facing a drought and a bleak economic future, welcomed the opportunity for this inexpensive, if not free, fertilizer."(Synagro, at the time of the permit, planned to get the biosolids from Austin. But the source of the waste isn’t required to be Austin, and could potentially change. Theoretically, this leaves the possibility open for other cities, such as New York or Los Angeles, to use Austin as a dumping ground for their sludge.)["
 
Just to play devil's advocate, where would you prefer your poo to go? To a landfill? Out in the ocean or to a river? How many folks really think about where it goes when they flush, or think twice before flushing their pink-colored toilet paper or old medications or drain cleaner...and then go pick their 'organic' green beans from their backyard.

It's not perfect by any means but biosolids represent an opportunity to start taking care of one's own mess; folks should demand improved standards but it's better than nothing. Certain treatment for waste that is turned into biosolids (like digestion...which is essentially fermentation) reduce some toxins far more than incinerating it or landfilling it would. There are options that don't necessarily mean it has to be applied to edibles, but to parklands or golf courses or whatever. Soil organisms also break down the toxins further...again faster than in a landfill or in an incinerator.

We have been pooping in our own nest for some time now; to consider the backyard or soccer field as somehow protected from such an indignity, well...where is that line exactly?
 
"One land application site in Travis County is a series of privately-owned cattle ranching pasturelands located off the Texas 71, just south of Richards Drive. Synagro, a Houston-based corporation that deals in biosolids, applied for a Texas Land Application Permit and got permission to spread Class B sewage sludge on several properties.["
[/quote]

I'm afraid to ask what Class A is - probably the more refined watery stuff - that leaves Class B in solid form?

I wonder if animal diseases like Hoof & Mouth and Mad Cow have biosolid use as part of it's genesis?

Hoof & Mouth
http://www.ehow.com/facts_4826874_hoof-mouth-disease.html

Hoof and mouth disease, also known as foot and mouth disease, is a highly contagious virus. Humans are rarely infected. Cattle, goats, swine, sheep, and deer are highly susceptible to the hoof and mouth virus.

Close to 100 percent of infected animals will die from the virus. Animals that recover remain carriers of the hoof and mouth virus for approximately six months.

Hoof and mouth virus is one of the diseases that United States Customs is trying to prevent by its rules preventing foodstuffs from entering the country.


Mad Cow
http://www.ehow.com/how_2318251_treat-mad-cow-disease.html
Mad cow disease is incurable and a fatal brain disease that affects cattle, goats and sheep. This disease affects their nervous system, causing the animal to act strange and unsteady, nervous, aggressive, and have a loss in body weight despite continued appetite. The medical name for this disease is bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE. There is a link between BSE in cows and a rare brain condition affecting people called variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).

Then consider GMO's affects and then we wonder why our cattle are sick.
http://www.sott.net/article/264517-First-long-term-study-released-on-pigs-cattle-who-eat-GMO-soy-and-corn-offers-frightening-results
 
Hopefully this is not off topic, but I thought reclaimed water could be related to sewage sludge fertilizer. Both are recycled uses of human wastes.

In Florida reclaimed water is used in golf courses, parks, highway medians, playgrounds and residential properties. It does stink like sewage when it is being used.

Quote is from _https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae448

What is reclaimed water and how is it produced?
Reclaimed water is treated wastewater that has received, at a minimum, secondary-level treatment and basic disinfection at a wastewater treatment facility. There are three stages of wastewater treatment: primary, secondary, and advanced (sometimes called tertiary treatment) (Figure 2). During primary treatment, suspended solids are removed by screening and settling. The water is then subjected to secondary treatment where biological decomposition reduces complex organic material into simpler forms. The water is then separated from any remaining organic material and then either disinfected (often by chlorination) and directly discharged, reused, or subjected to advanced treatment. Advanced treatment facilities further remove solids, organic material, nutrients, or other chemicals using physical, chemical, or biological processes. After advanced treatment the water is then disinfected before being discharged (typically to rivers, lakes, or coastal waters) or reused. The main difference between reclaimed water that has received secondary vs. tertiary treatment is the level of nutrients that remain in the water. Tertiary treated water typically has 25% of the nitrogen and phosphorus contained in secondary treated reclaimed water (Tchobanoglous et al., 2003; Asano et al., 2007). However, the nutrient content of reclaimed water from a particular treatment plant will depend on the treatment processes used.


Figure 2. The wastewater treatment process. Some or all of the reclaimed water can be reused. Advanced treatment is an optional step in the treatment process. Disinfection occurs after advanced treatment in facilities that use this step, otherwise disinfection occurs after secondary treatment.

[Click thumbnail to enlarge.]

What are the treatment requirements for using reclaimed water?
There are no federal regulations governing the use of reclaimed water, but the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established guidelines to encourage states to develop reuse programs (U.S. EPA, 2004). Depending on how reclaimed water is to be used in Florida, there are specific treatment requirements. These requirements, outlined here, are contained within Chapter 62-610 of the Florida Administrative Code (FAC) and can be found on the Website of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (_http://www.dep.state.fl.us/legal/rules/wastewater/62-610.pdf). Table 1 shows the different types of reuse systems in Florida and a brief description of the treatment and disinfection requirements for each. For a complete description of the treatment and disinfection requirements for each type of application, the reader is referred to Chapter 62-610 via the above Web link.

More information on Florida's reuse program can be found on the Florida Department of Environmental Protection Reuse Program Website (_http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/reuse/). For information on Water Conserv II, a cooperative water reclaimation program used for irrigating over 3,200 acres of crops (primarily citrus) in Florida see Parsons (2007)

_http://www.crec.ifas.ufl.edu/academics/faculty/parsons/PDF/MayParsons.pdf. For information on using reclaimed water for landscape irrigation in Florida see Using Reclaimed Water for Landscape Irrigation at _http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AE449.

References
Asano, T., Burton, F.L., Leverenz, H.L., Tsuchihashi, R., and G. Tchobanoglous. 2007. Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications. McGraw Hill, New York, NY.

Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP). 2009. 2007 Reuse Inventory. Florida Department of Environmental Protection Reuse Program. _http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/reuse/docs/inventory/ReuseInventory07.pdf (last accessed 7/7/09)

Florida Council of 100. 2003. Improving Florida's Water Supply Management Structure: Ensuring and Sustaining Environmentally Sound Water Supplies and Resources to Meet Current and Future Needs. Florida Council of 100. _http://www.fc100.org/reports/waterreportfinal.pdf (last accessed 4/16/2009)

Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP). 2007. Reuse of Reclaimed Water and Land Application. Rule 62-610 Florida Administrative Code. _http://www.dep.state.fl.us/legal/rules/wastewater/62-610.pdf (last accessed 2/18/09)

King, K.W., Balogh, J.C. and R.D. Harmel. 2000. Feeding turf with wastewater. Golf Course Management 68: 59-62. _http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/gcman/article/2000jan59.pdf (last accessed 3/9/09)

Lazarova, V. and T. Asano. 2005. Challenges of sustainable irrigation with recycled water. pp 1-30. In: Lazarova, V. and A. Bahri (eds). Water Reuse for Irrigation: Agriculture, Landscapes, and Turf Grasses. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Parsons, L.R. 2007. Reclaiming a Resource. Florida Grower, p 40, May 2007. _http://www.crec.ifas.ufl.edu/academics/faculty/parsons/PDF/MayParsons.pdf

Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.L., and H.D. Stensel. 2003. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. Fourth Edition. McGraw Hill, New York, NY.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 2004. Guidelines for Water Reuse. EPA 645-R-04-108. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. _http://www.epa.gov/ord/NRMRL/pubs/625r04108/625r04108.pdf (last accessed 2/18/09) _http://www.epa.gov/region9/water/recycling/ [May 9, 2012].

Another quote about what is found in reclaimed water:

This treatment produces a water product ideal for lawn sprinkling, but not suitable for human or animal consumption. Elements found in reclaimed water include aluminum, chromium, lead, molybdenum, zinc, phosphorus, boron, copper, zinc, magnesium, nickel, calcium, iron, manganese, potassium and nitrogen.

And from Wikipedia:

Testing standards
Reclaimed water is not regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) but by the states, using standards formulated decades ago. Newer information shows serious public health concerns about pathogens in the water.[15] Many pathogens cannot be detected by currently used tests.[16]

Recent literature also questions the validity of testing for "indicator organisms" instead of pathogens.[17] Nor do present standards consider interactions of heavy metals and pharmaceuticals which may foster the development of drug resistant pathogens in waters derived from sewage.[18]

This quote addresses other concerns about reclaimed water use _http://www.thebanninginformer.com/?page_id=5388, but I am not too sure about the reliability of the source:

With regard to reclaimed water, risks remain, such as the public’s exposure to viruses and parasites which cannot be killed by chlorine. Extremely small viruses can slip through the filtration system at the reclaimed water plant and carcinogenic chemicals, called THMs, are formed by chlorinating the extremely organic wastewater. Possibly toxic algae blooms may occur in the reclaimed water holding area. Reclaimed water can include pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupters from hospitals, homes and industry, which cannot be removed with current purification processes. Furthermore, reclaimed water is being tested using drinking water standards, which are inappropriate to the potential problems of purified sewer water.”

I wasn't able to find any instances where people had become sick from exposure to the reclaimed water, but the potential seems to be there, as it is used in public places and homes where people are easily hit by the spray from the sprinkler/irrigation systems.
 
This topic is more critical than we realize. Lax laws, lack of political will, plausible denialbility and greed often put the public's best interest at risk. For more in depth information on this topic check out.............http://www.deadlydeceit.com/. Solutions in the short term "seem to be" an expensive proposition. I wonder if the long term continuing of some of these practices are further "polluting our nest".
 
1peacelover said:
This topic is more critical than we realize. Lax laws, lack of political will, plausible denialbility and greed often put the public's best interest at risk. For more in depth information on this topic check out.............http://www.deadlydeceit.com/. Solutions in the short term "seem to be" an expensive proposition. I wonder if the long term continuing of some of these practices are further "polluting our nest".

There is also the mental image, there was an investigation from UAM (Metropolitan University of Mexico) about degrading diapers cultivating mushrooms for eating _http://mx.noticias.yahoo.com/blogs/tendencias/propone-uam-tecnolog%C3%ADa-para-degradar-pa%C3%B1ales-desechables.html (in spanish).
The mental image of eating something from a diaper, made short circuit in my brain. But you know, is about 5000 diapers per baby per year!!, as Weller said, where do you think used diapers are going?. Sometimes, solutions are not what we expect nor what we desire.
 
This is the best way to restore the nutrient cycle that has sustained humans for thousands of years, and is now broken. Human and animal waste was returned to the soil that produced the food, replenishing the elements that were removed. That nutrient cycle became broken in the 20th century when crops were removed and the waste wasn't returned. Chemical fertilizers only replace the elements that the plant needs to look big and healthy, but some of the elements that humans require may be entirely absent. We could be suffering from mineral and vitamin deficiencies and never know it.
 
It's been used in the UK for decades, believe it has to be injected into the soil rather than sprayed on top.
Whichever method, if you are within range you know when it is being used.

Someone raised the subject of animal feed. Europe was using MBM or meat and bonemeal from the early seventies. It was a black substance and used to add to normal animal feed when using intensive farming methods. Probably to save money.

The issue here is that animals that chew the cud were never designed, bred, brought into existence to eat the by-product of their species. Is is any wonder that we end up with the likes of CJD.

Nature develops it's own resistant crops and animals along the lines of Darwinism and the survival of the fittest. Add in the bean counters and those that love the palm greasing part of political lobbying and you have a recipe for GM Frankenfoods.

Will back to basics happen, doubtful, profit rules these days, and the need to feed the worlds developing countries never mind supporting the greed and waste in the developed world will get in the way.
 
Hi FireballK1282, I see that you just joined, so I want to welcome you to the Forum.

We suggest that new forum members introduce themselves in the Newbies section. Nothing personal, just a little bit about yourself and how you found the forum. If you are unsure of what to write, take a look at how others on the board have done it. :)
 
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