Iraq

BREAKING:

Huge blast reported near German consulate in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan

https://www.rt.com/news/366355-blast-afghanistan-mazar-reports/

A huge explosion has occurred near the German consulate in the northern Afghan city of Mazar-i-Sharif, according to multiple reports on social media by witnesses and local journalists. Mass casualties are feared as a result of the incident.

DETAILS TO FOLLOW
 
angelburst29 said:
Those Shabak people who had not left Mosul, were tortured and slaughtered by Daesh.

Daesh 'Slaughtered Thousands' of Shabak People in Iraq's Mosul
https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201611101047307301-daesh-mosul-shabak/


Daesh Militants Electrocute 30 Residents of Iraqi Mosul
https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201611091047262575-daesh-terror-mosul/

The prison reportedly had cages measuring 3.3 by 1.6 feet, while captives suffered malnutrition and torture, according to the United Nations.

Iraqi Army Finds Underground Prison With Over 950 Captives of Daesh in Mosul
https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201611111047342770-mosul-prison-daesh/

The Iraqi Security Forces (ISF) discovered an underground prison where some 950 people had been held captive by Daesh terrorists in one of the districts of Mosul, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights said in a statement Friday.

“Last Monday, 7 November, the ISF reportedly found in Shura sub-district of Mosul an underground prison containing 961 people, all of them Sunni, and many of them former ISF officers or members of the Iraqi Islamic Party,” the statement read.

The prison reportedly had cages measuring 3.3 by 1.6 feet, while the captives suffered malnutrition and torture, according to the United Nations.

The Daesh terrorist group, outlawed in Russia and multiple other states, overran the northern Syrian city of Mosul in 2014 and declared a caliphate in the captured territories. The Iraqi prime minister announced a campaign on October 17 to reclaim the key Daesh stronghold, with mixed forces of Iraqi army, Kurdish militias and Sunni Arab tribesmen advancing from south, east and north.


Children in Mosul are sustaining injuries every day, amid the operation to retake the city from Daesh.

Children in Mosul 'Coming With Gunshots, Burns, Scrapes, Shrapnel Wounds'
https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201611111047342541-mosul-children-wounds/

Up to a dozen children a day are being treated by medics for serious injuries in the Iraqi city of Mosul, a prominent children's charity organization revealed on Friday.

“Civilians are coming to us with major trauma injuries, some with exhaustion, some caught in crossfire… I’m seeing maybe six to a dozen children a day — more like a dozen now — coming with gunshots, burns, scrapes, shrapnel wounds,” a medic working near Mosul told Save the Children. According to medics, civilians are being injured by crossfire, mortars, makeshift landmines and car bombs. “All sides to this conflict must ensure children are protected from the dangers of warfare and are never caught in the crossfire,” Save the Children Iraq Deputy Country Director Aram Shakaram said.

He added that injured children "must be evacuated and able to access lifesaving support as soon as possible, and must be allowed to have the support of a caregiver.”
 
Yemeni troops, allies capture Saudi military base in Asir

http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2016/11/11/493175/Yemeni-forces-control-Saudi-base-alNimsa-Asir-airstrike-Hudaydah

Yemeni army soldiers, backed by fighters from Popular Committees, have taken full control of a military base in Saudi Arabia’s southwestern region of Asir in retaliation for the Saudi regime’s atrocious aerial bombardment campaign against Yemen.

The media bureau of the operations command in Yemen released footage on Friday afternoon showing Yemeni troopers and allied forces inspecting the hulks of damaged military vehicles at al-Nimsa base after several Saudi soldiers were killed during heavy fighting and the rest ran away.

A Yemeni fighter then shows untouched tactical vests, ammunition belts for a portable machine gun, hand grenades and rocket-propelled grenades that Saudi military forces had left behind in the wake of the Yemeni forces’ advance.

The bodies of a number of Saudi troopers could be seen scattered around as the video concludes with Yemeni soldiers and allied fighters chanting “Death to America and Israel.”

Yemeni artillery units also lobbed a barrage of rockets at al-Dhab’ah and al-Ash bases in Saudi Arabia’s southwestern border region of Najran, leaving scores of soldiers injured.

Additionally, an unnamed Yemeni military source told Arabic-language al-Masirah television network that tens of Saudi-backed militiamen loyal to resigned president Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi had been killed and wounded after Yemeni soldiers and Popular Committees thwarted their offensive against the Khabb wa ash Sha'af district of the country's northern province of al-Jawf.

Yemeni forces also fired a BM-27 Uragan rocket at a gathering of Saudi mercenaries in the mountainous Jebel Salab region of the west-central province of Ma'rib; however, no immediate reports of casualties were available.

Also on Friday evening, Yemeni forces and their allies hit pro-Saudi gunmen in the Dhubab district of the southern Ta’izz Province, leaving scores of militants injured.

Separately, three civilians lost their lives and two others sustained injuries when Saudi fighter jets bombarded an area in the Bayt al-Faqih district of the coastal western province of Hudaydah.

Saudi Arabia has been engaged in a deadly campaign against Yemen since March 2015 in an attempt to bring back the former Yemeni government to power and undermine the Houthi Ansarullah movement.

The impoverished Arab country is grappling with the scarcity of food supplies and outbreak of diseases amid Saudi Arabia’s atrocious airstrikes.

The United Nations International Children's Fund (UNICEF) says 7.4 million Yemeni children are in dire need of medical help, and 370,000 run the risk of severe acute malnutrition.


Casualties Reported as Blast Rocks Largest US Military Base in Afghanistan

https://sputniknews.com/asia/201611121047360057-blast-us-base-afghanistan/

Three people were killed and 13 others were injured in an explosion in the US Bagram Airfield in Afghanistan on Saturday, a local official said.

The blast ripped through Bagram Airfield in Afghanistan, causing a number of casualties, the NATO mission to the country said in a statement.

"We can confirm that there was an explosion at Bagram Airfield just after 5:30 am [01:00 GMT]. There have been casualties," the statement of the Resolute Support mission read.

"Our Force Protection and medical teams are responding to the situation," it added, without providing additional details.

No militant group has reportedly taken responsibility for the attack.

"It is not clear what caused the explosion or the nationality of the victims," Haji Shokoor, the district governor of Bagram told the CNN broadcaster.

Bagram Airfield, the US' largest military base in the conflict-ridden country, is not new to terrorist attacks. Last December, suicide bomber riding a motorcycle killed six American troops, AFP reported.
 
Commander: 200 ISIL Terrorists Killed by Iraq's Ali Akbar Volunteer Forces Near Mosul

http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950822001489

"A sum of 200 ISIL terrorists have been killed by the Ali Akbar Brigade during the Mosul military operations," al-Hamdani said on Saturday.

Earlier on Saturday, a senior Iraqi commander said over 200 ISIL terrorists have been killed in clashes with Iraq's joint military forces in the Eastern flank of Mosul, and underlined that the ISIL has lost control over the region.

"Around 250 ISIL terrorists have been killed by Iraq's counterterrorism forces in the Eastern side of Mosul," Major General Abdul Wahhab al-Saedi told FNA.

The Iraqi commander reiterated that the ISIL has lost control of its affairs in Mosul.

"Iraq's joint military forces have seized back a large number of villages in Eastern Mosul and they are advancing further there," he added.

Also on Saturday, battlefield sources disclosed that Iraq's joint military forces have entered the strategic district of al-Tahrir in the Northeastern part of Mosul after fierce clashes with the ISIL terrorists.

"Tough street battle is currently underway between the Iraqi government forces and the terrorists in al-Tahrir district," the sources said.

At least 17 ISIL terrorists were killed in heavy fighting with Iraq's joint military forces in battle over al-Tahrir district.

The Mosul liberation operation resumed on Friday after it was halted for few days.

In relevant remarks earlier on Saturday, Commander of the Golden Brigade of Iraq's Counterterrorism Department Major General Ma'an al-Sa'adi announced that the country's joint military forces have seized back 10 districts in the city of Mosul on the Western bank of the Tigris River.

"The Iraqi forces have managed to win full control of 10 from the total number of 56 districts of Mosul city from the ISIL terrorists," the Arabic-language media quoted General al-Sa'adi as saying on Saturday.

The senior Iraqi commander, meantime, said that the Iraqi forces are now in full control of two-thirds of al-Arbajiyah and half of Qadsiyah strategic districts, adding, "The offensive continues to take full control of the two key districts."

Meantime, Commander of Iraq's Counterterrorism Department Lieutenant General Abdul Ghani al-Assadi announced that the Iraqi forces have arrested 60 ISIL terrorists during recent clashes with them.

"A sum of 60 ISIL terrorists had hidden among people, but they were identified and arrested," he said.

The official media page of the Iraqi army declared on Friday that the army had entered the strategic district of Qadsiyah after fierce battle with the ISIL terrorists.

"Iraqi forces entered the district from its Eastern corridor after launching a surprise assault this morning," Massdar quoted army's media page as saying.

Also on Saturday, General al-Assadi announced that the country's joint military forces have seized back several strategic regions in the Western flank of Mosul.

"We have liberated important regions on the Western side of Mosul and will fully take control of the region in the coming days," the Arabic-language media quoted al-Assadi as saying.

He reiterated that whatever has remained to be seized back is in the fire-range of Iraq's joint military forces and winning them back is very easy.

"The war in al-Qaddessiya region and before that the clashes in al-Zahra region proved to us that the ISIL has lost its capability to confront us," al-Assadi added.

Reports said on Wednesday that dozens of ISIL terrorists were reportedly killed during separate operations in and around Mosul as Iraqi government troops and their allies were tightening noose around the extremists controlling the Northern city.

Iraqi fighter jets, backed by those of the US-led military coalition, have hit ISIL's positions in Albu Seif village South of Mosul, located some 400 kilometers North of the capital Baghdad, leaving 40 of the terrorists dead.

Pro-government fighters from Popular Mobilization Units also launched an offensive against ISIL hideouts in Mawali village, situated about 20 kilometers West of Mosul, killing 22 terrorists.

Meanwhile, there were reports that heavy clashes were going on between Iraqi security forces and ISIL militants in Mosul’s Eastern district of al-Zahra.

A local source, requesting anonymity, also said ISIL terrorists moved more than 80 families from the Eastern Mosul neighborhood of Faisaliyah to a Western district at gunpoint.

The source added that the displacement came as Iraqi soldiers together with their allied Popular Mobilization Units and Kurdish Peshmerga forces were making advancements in battles against ISIL militants in and around Mosul.

After months of preparation, Iraqi army soldiers, backed by volunteer fighters and Kurdish Peshmerga forces, launched an operation on October 17 to retake the strategic city of Mosul from the ISIL terrorists.

Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi vowed that Mosul, Iraq’s second largest city, would be fully recaptured by year-end.

The World Health Organization (WHO) announced on Tuesday that it has set up 82 “rapid response teams” to manage potential disease outbreaks, chemical exposure and other health concerns among people fleeing Mosul.

The UN agency said internally displaced persons from Mosul could face difficulties with water distribution and sanitation as a direct result of their growing numbers, warning that the risk of food- and water-borne diseases such as cholera is high.


Iraqi Forces Repel Six Daesh Suicide Bombers' Attacks in Eastern Mosul

https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201611121047370978-iraq-mosul-terrorism-daesh/

On Saturday, Iraqi Armed Forces have repelled six Daesh suicide attacks in eastern Mosul.

The Iraqi Armed Forces since Saturday morning have repelled six suicide attacks of the Daesh terrorist group trying to recapture a district in eastern Mosul, a source in the local law enforcement told Sputnik.

"Daesh [the Arabic acronym for IS] carried out six suicide attacks this morning, all of them were countered by the armed forces. The militants were trying to regain control over the Zahra district," the source said.

The district was liberated on Thursday, joining a few other Mosul quarters freed by the Iraqi forces, whose offensive on the city began on October 17.

Daesh terrorist group, which has been in control of Mosul since 2014, is outlawed in many countries including the United States and Russia.
 
Iraqi army in a statement on Saturday announced that the country's joint military forces have seized back tens of villages since the start of the Mosul liberation operation less than a month ago.

Iraqi Forces Win Back 140 Villages Near Mosul in 25 Days
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950822001438

"Iraq's joint military forces have seized back 140 villages from the ISIL in areas near the city of Mosul in Nineveh province since the offensive started," the army's statement said.

The statement noted that a large number of bomb-laden vehicles of the ISIL have also been destroyed in the same region on the Western side of Mosul in the last past 25 days.


A senior Iraqi commander said over 200 ISIL terrorists have been killed in clashes with Iraq's joint military forces in the Eastern flank of Mosul, and underlined that the ISIL has lost control over the region.

250 ISIL Terrorists Killed East of Mosul, ISIL Losing Control
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950822000820

"Around 250 ISIL terrorists have been killed by Iraq's counterterrorism forces in the Eastern side of Mosul," Major General Abdul Wahhab al-Saedi told FNA on Saturday.

The Iraqi commander reiterated that the ISIL has lost control of its affairs in Mosul.

"Iraq's joint military forces have seized back a large number of villages in Eastern Mosul and they are advancing further there," he added.


A huge explosion at Bagram airbase in Afghanistan, the largest US military facility in the country, killed at least four people.

Bagram Blast: Explosion Hits US Airbase in Afghanistan, Taliban Claims Responsibility
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950822000557

At least 14 others were wounded in the blast, local district governor Haji Shookor told the BBC.

The Taliban said one of their suicide bombers had carried out the attack, which reportedly hit a dining area.

The base, near Kabul, has come under frequent attack, as the Taliban step up operations before the onset of winter.

The attack is a serious security breach of one of the best fortified military compounds in Afghanistan.

Bagram was hit while people gathered to celebrate Veteran's Day.

General John W Nicholson, US Army commander in Afghanistan, said in a statement:

''[To] the family and friends of those wounded in today's attack, let me assure you they are receiving the best care possible, and we will keep them in our thoughts today."

He said the incident was being investigated but did not disclose the nationalities of the casualties.

Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid said the blast had inflicted "heavy casualties on US invaders".

The attack on Bagram comes just a day after the German consulate in the city of Mazar-e-Sharif in Northern Afghanistan was hit by a Taliban suicide bomb blast that killed six civilians and wounded some 120 others.

The Taliban said on Friday the attacks were carried out in retaliation for a recent coalition airstrike in Kunduz which reportedly killed some 30 civilians.


At least 30 have been killed and 100 injured in an explosion at a Muslim shrine in Pakistan's Southwest.

At Least 30 Killed, 100 Injured in Explosion at Pakistan's Muslim Shrine
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950822001536

Hundreds have been inside the Shah Noorani shrine located in the Khuzdar District of the Southwestern Pakistani province of Balochistan, Daily Pakistan reported.

According to latest reports, rescue teams have arrived at the site and transport those wounded to hospitals as the death toll is feared to rise with women and children casualties in the blast.

No group has so far claimed responsibility for the blast.
 
Three Reported Killed as Daesh Attacks Iraqi Village With Shells of Chlorine

https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201611131047378807-three-killed-chlorine-daesh-iraq/

Daesh attacked a village in the central Iraqi Salah ad Din province with the shells of chlorine gas, killing at least three people, local media reported.

According to Al-Sumaria television channel, the terrorists fired at the village over 15 mortar shells containing chemical chlorine.

"The IS fired [on Saturday] a village… in Al-Shirqat District with more than 15 mortar shells, some of those containing toxic chemical chlorine… As a result of firing three people were killed, two were wounded, among them women and children. Material damage was done, as well," a source told Al-Sumaria television channel.

On Friday, Human Rights Watch (HRW) said that Daesh militants had used chemicals in at least three attacks on the Iraqi town of Qayyarah some 37 miles south of Mosul, which led to a number of civilian injuries.

The use of chemicals in these attacks violates the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention and would be considered a war crime under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and the customary laws of war.
 
A senior Iraqi legislator dismissed the US-led international coalition's claims that it is helping Baghdad in anti-terrorism campaign against the ISIL, and said it has done nothing more issuing a number of statements in the media.

Senior Iraqi MP: US-Led Coalition Merely Pays Lip Service
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950823001447

"Iraq doesn’t need foreign forces to fight against the ISIL, and the international coalition and the Arab countries have not helped Iraq in this regard," Mohammad Naji was quoted by Iraq's al-Ma'loumeh news website on Sunday.

"The international coalition and the Arab country's assistance is confined to issuing media statements and they have not taken any practical steps in this regard," he added.

Naji said that his country needs military and arms aid rather than lip service.

Earlier today, Commanders of popular forces in Iraq lashed out at the US-led coalition for hindering the operation to fully liberate Mosul.

"The popular and resistance forces are not pleased with the US-led international coalition's presence in Nineveh operations since they do not coordinate operations with the popular forces in the Western front," Spokesman and a senior commander of Iraq's Kata'ib Hezbollah (Hezbollah Battalions) popular forces Jafar al-Hosseini told FNA on Sunday.

He said that the popular forces have called on the government to exclude the US-led coalition from the Western front.

Also, Spokesman of Iraq's Seyed al-Shohada Battalion, a branch of the popular forces operating in the war on ISIL in the Mosul operation, Hassan Abdolhadi, told FNA that "when the popular forces enter a battle, they finish the job as soon as possible but, unfortunately, the international coalition has delayed the operations by jamming their telecommunication equipment and disrupting exchanges".


Iraq's joint military forces continued to move ahead in several directions inside Mosul and seized back several more districts Southeast of the city, while the ISIL has resorted to dispatching female suicide bombers to war fronts to prevent the army's further advances.

Iraqi Forces Continue to Advance in Eastern Mosul, ISIL Resorts to Female Suicide Bombers
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950823001110

"The Iraqi forces entered the Eastern flank of the city from the Southeastern side and purged terrorists from al-Entesar, Jadideh al-Mufti, al-Shima, al-Salam and Youness al-Sabawi regions as well as all the villages located to the North of al-Zab river," Senior Iraqi Commander Abdel Amir Rashid Yarallah said on Sunday.

Meantime, the Iraqi local sources disclosed that the ISIL terrorist group has resorted to using female suicide bombers to make up for its losses and defeats.

They said that these women suicide attackers target Iraq's joint military forces in Southeastern Mosul city by exploding their suicide belts.


Iraq's joint military forces managed to seize back the ancient city of Nimrud 30 kilometers to the South of the city of Mosul.

Iraqi Forces Win Back Ancient City of Nimrud Near Mosul
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950823001280

"The Iraqi army's Ninth Armored Division inflicted heavy losses on the ISIL terrorists after taking full control of Nimrud ancient city and its surrounding areas," senior Iraqi Commander Major General Abdel Amir Yarallah said on Sunday.

Iraq's joint military forces are now in full control of the ancient city.

Earlier on Sunday, the Iraqi forces seized back the Village of al-Namanieh to the South of Mosul city.
 
Saudi Army suffers heavy losses as the Houthi forces advance across the Jizan

https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/saudi-army-suffers-heavy-losses-houthi-forces-advance-across-jiza/

The Houthi forces continued to roll through the Saudi countryside on Sunday, capturing several sites from teh Saudi Army in the Jizan Region.

According to the official media wing of the Houthi Forces, their units captured 4 villages in the Jizan Region on Sunday, including Sharq Al-Bahtit , Qilal Al-Qarn, Al-Kars, and another small village next to the latter.

Following the capture of these villages, the Houthi forces established full control over the Saudi Army's supply line in the Jizan Region; this roadway connects Qa'em Zabeed and the nearby village of Al-'Abadiyah.

The Saudi Army reportedly lost during this large operation, at least 6 Bradley armored vehicles, 2 Abrams tanks and 2 other technical vehicles.

In addition to this loss of equipment, the Saudi Army already suffered more than 50 casualties during this massive Houthi attack on Sunday.


More Yemeni civilians fall victim to Saudi war

http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2016/11/14/493485/Saudi-airstikes-Yemen-Ibb

At least eight civilians have been killed in Yemen in two new Saudi airstrikes that targeted the country’s province of Ibb.

Yemen’s al-Masirah news website said that nine civilians were also injured in the Saudi airstrikes, which targeted Ibb at dawn on Monday.

A local source said the airstrikes targeted two oil tankers in Ibb’s Yarim district, adding that rescue and recovery operations were still ongoing and that casualties could rise.

Also in the early hours of Monday, Saudi warplanes targeted Nihm district, northwest of the capital, Sana’a, with internationally-banned cluster bombs. However, no immediate reports of possible casualties were made available.

Riyadh has been consistently using the banned weapons in its military aggression against Yemen.

In August, the United Nations (UN)’s human rights office called for an independent international investigation of cases of human rights violations in the Saudi war on Yemen, confirming the use of banned cluster bombs by Saudi Arabia against Yemen’s residential areas.

Prominent human rights organizations have also denounced Saudi Arabia’s allies, including the United States and the United Kingdom, for procuring such weapons for the regime.

Saudi Arabia has been engaged in the deadly war against Yemen since March 2015 in an attempt to forcefully bring back a former Yemeni government to power.

New casualty tolls released

Meanwhile, al-Masirah on Monday cited a report released by a Yemeni non-governmental monitoring group as saying that the civilian death toll from the Saudi war had now risen to 11,403 people.

The Legal Center for Rights and Development reported that 600 days of Saudi aggression had also left 19,343 people wounded.

According to the report, most of the casualties were women and children.

The group said 380,366 residential buildings, 719 schools and educational institutes, 108 university buildings, and 263 hospitals and health facilities were also destroyed or damaged in the Saudi military strikes.

The Saudi military campaign also left 675 mosques and 1,553 governmental buildings damaged, according to the NGO.

On Sunday, Yemen’s War Media released footage showing a Yemeni counterstrike in the Saudi region of Jizan.

In the footage, which was shot on November 10, the Yemeni army and Popular Committees an be seen taking control of four villages and several military positions, killing and injuring Saudi troops.
 
Two Suicide Car Bomb Attacks Kill 8 People in Iraqi Fallujah - Source

https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201611141047429079-bomb-suicide-attack-iraq/

A total of eight people were killed in two separate suicide car bomb attacks in Fallujah city in the western Iraqi province of Anbar on Monday, a security source told Sputnik.

The city of Fallujah was once a Daesh stronghold and was liberated by Iraqi troops earlier this year. Daesh is a terrorist group that is outlawed in many countries including the United States and Russia.

"Eight people were killed as a result of the two blasts that took place today. The first one targeted a Fallujah police department and the second took place in an area controlled by the Anbar's emergency regiment near the bridge of Mustafa al-Athari," the source said.
 
The Iraqi volunteer forces (Hashd al-Shaabi) rescued tens of Sunni families after heavy clashes with the ISIL terrorists in an area West of the flashpoint city of Mosul.

Hashd Al-Shaabi Rescues 300 Sunni Families
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950824001452

The Hashd al-Shaabi has set free 300 Sunni families from ISIL-controlled areas," the Iraqi volunteer forces announced in a statement on Monday.

The statement said that the Iraqi volunteer forces also managed to destroy three suicide vehicles of the ISIL terrorist group near the village of al-Nazareh.

The Hashd al-Shaabi forces also seized back three other villages to the West of Mosul.

The Hashd al-Shaabi forces started the third phase of the military operations in areas on the Western side of Mosul on Monday.

"The main purpose of the third phase of the military operations in Western Mosul is to help Iraq's joint military forces to take control of the remaining areas," Hashd al-Shaabi Spokesman Ahmad al-Assadi said in a statement on Monday.

He reiterated that another objective of the fresh military campaign in Western Mosul is to cut off the terrorists' supply routes from Mosul to Raqqa.

Al-Assadi said that the Iraqi volunteer forces plan to make further advances towards Tal Afar region after seizing back more lands to the West of Mosul city.


ISIL terror group claimed on Monday that its militants have shot down a US attack helicopter in Afghanistan's Central Ghur Province.

US Chopper Reportedly Shot down by ISIL in Central Afghanistan
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950824001358

"A US helicopter is shot down while providing air support during an attack on positions of ISIL militants in the Marghab area of Ghur in Central Afghanistan," the ISIL's official media network claimed, Al Masdar reported.

The report has provided no further details so far. The development came after at least 23 loyalists of the ISIL terrorist group were killed in an airstrike in Eastern Nangarhar province on Sunday.

According to Afghanistan's official news agency, Khaama Press, the country's ministry of defense said the airstrike was carried out in Achin district of Nangarhar.

No further details were given regarding the airstrike and it is yet not clear if the raid was conducted by the Afghan Air Force or the US forces based in Afghanistan.
 
Iraq's joint military forces arrested several ISIL terrorists in Salahuddin province as they were trying to infiltrate into the ranks of the country's volunteer forces as Hashd al-Shaabi members.

Iraqi Forces Capture ISIL Terrorists Trying to Disguise as Volunteer Forces in Salahuddin Province
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950825001092

A group of ISIL terrorists disguised as volunteer forces to infiltrate into Touz Khormato Battalion in Salahuddin province, but they were identified and arrested.

The security forces who had received prior intel ambushed the terrorists and captured them.

Speaking to FNA, a battlefield source said that the ISIL terrorists have changed their battling tactics and now try to disguise as Iraqi forces to infiltrate the pro-government troops.

The arrested terrorists admitted that they intended to kill the members of Touz Khormato Battalion of volunteer forces in Salahuddin province.

In a relevant development in late October, an Iraqi security source revealed that many ISIL militants have begun to wear the Peshmerga forces’ uniforms inside the city of Mosul and have shaved their beards for fear of being targeted as Iraqi joint forces continued their advanced toward the ISIL-held city.


Iraqi Interior Ministry Spokesman Sa'ad Ma'an announced that 955 ISIL terrorists have been killed and 108 others arrested during the Mosul Liberation Operation in the last five weeks.

Iraqi Interior Minister: Nearly 1,000 ISIL Terrorists Killed, Over 100 Captured in Mosul Operation
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950825001466

"A sum of 955 ISIL terrorists have been killed and 108 others arrested since the beginning of Mosul liberation operation," the Arabic-language al-Sumeriya news channel quoted Ma'an as saying on Tuesday.

Earlier on Tuesday, a member of Nineveh Provincial Council announced that Iraq's joint military forces have inched closer to the Mosul International Airport and were only few kilometers away from the airport.

"The Iraqi forces are three kilometers away from Mosul International Airport in the Southern part of the city," al-Sumeriya news channel quoted Hesameddin al-Abar as saying.

Al-Abar said that the Iraqi forces have managed to take control of the village of Albu Seif to the South of Mosul.

The provincial official also said that the Iraqi forces are completing their advances in areas South of Mosul, adding, "The Iraqi forces also continue their advances towards Mosul city center from the Northern flank."

The Hashd al-Shaabi forces started the third phase of the military operations in areas on the Western side of Mosul on Monday.

"The main purpose of the third phase of the military operations in Western Mosul is to help Iraq's joint military forces to take control of the remaining areas," Hashd al-Shaabi Spokesman Ahmad al-Assadi said in a statement on Monday.

He reiterated that another objective of the fresh military campaign in Western Mosul is to cut off the terrorists' supply routes from Mosul to Raqqa.

Al-Assadi said that the Iraqi volunteer forces plan to make further advances towards Tal Afar region after seizing back more lands to the West of Mosul city.


International Criminal Court (ICC) prosecutors said that a preliminary probe indicates that members of the United States armed forces and the CIA may have committed war crimes by torturing detainees in Afghanistan.

ICC: US Forces, CIA Likely Committed War Crimes in Afghanistan
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950825000741

The prosecution office said in a report issued that US armed forces personnel "appear to have subjected at least 61 detained persons to torture" in Afghanistan, mainly in 2003-2004, Tolo News reported.

The report adds that CIA operatives may have tortured at least 27 detainees in Afghanistan and elsewhere mainly in the same time period.

Prosecutors said they will decide "imminently" whether to seek authorization to open a full-scale investigation in Afghanistan.

The United States is not a member of the court, but its citizens could face prosecution if they commit crimes in a country that is a member, such as Afghanistan.


Toll of Nigerian armed forces attack by live rounds on a group of Islamic Movement in Nigeria (IMN)’s followers climbed to over 100 with hundreds more injured in the Northern city of Kano, the movement says.

Death Toll of Nigeria Security Forces Attack on Muslims Ceremony Rises to Over 100
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950825000814

The casualties were caused after soldiers fired live rounds and tear gas at mourners during a peaceful march held ahead of the upcoming Arba’een mourning rituals, which mark 40 days after the martyrdom anniversary of Imam Hussein, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammand, presstv reported.

Witnesses said that they saw dozens of bodies sprawled on the ground before the Nigerian forces evacuated them.

Violence broke out when police tried to disperse thousands of people, including women and children, who were marching from Kano to Kaduna for the mourning rituals.

Nigerian forces claimed they opened fire on the crowd after one of their officers was hurt.
 
Yemenis agree on truce beginning November 17: Kerry

http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2016/11/15/493729/Yemen-truce-Kerry-Houthis

Warring sides of the conflict in Yemen have agreed on a swift ceasefire agreement starting in the coming days, US Secretary of State John Kerry says.

Kerry said on Tuesday that both the Houthi Ansarullah movement and an alliance of militants loyal to Yemen's former President Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi, who fight under the support of Saudi Arabia, had agreed to a cessation of hostilities starting on November 17.

Kerry, who was speaking to journalists in the United Arab Emirates, said the two sides had also agreed to work for the establishment of a unity government by the end of the year.

Kerry embarked on a regional tour on Monday meant for resolving the conflict in Yemen and Syria. In his first stop in Oman, he held talks with senior officials of the Sultanate in a bid to use their influence on Yemen's Houthi fighters. Oman is the only Arab country in the Persian Gulf region that has refused to contribute to Saudi Arabia’s deadly campaign against Yemenis. Kerry then flew to Abu Dhabi for talks mostly centered on Syria.

Kerry’s bid to find a solution to the crisis in Yemen comes months after the United Nations failed to clinch an agreement between representatives of the Houthis and Hadi at the end of months-long negotiations in Kuwait.

More than 10,000 people have lost their lives since Saudis started the campaign against Yemen in March 2015. The Houthis say most of those killed have been civilians directly targeted in Saudi airstrikes. Rights campaigners and UN bodies have also confirmed the killing of civilians on a massive scale as a result of the Saudi campaign.


Spain Lifts Ban on Ammunition Supplies to Saudi Arabia

http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950825001355

Previously, the shipments had been suspended due to the conflict in Yemen, however, the deal was unblocked prior to a visit by Spanish King Felipe VI to the Saudi capital of Riyadh which ended on November 14, El Pais reported.

Saudi Arabia is one the largest buyers of Spanish-produced military hardware. In 2015, Riyadh spent €546 million ($588 million) to buy Spanish military equipment, including A330 MRTT tanker aircraft.

This was despite the fact that the European Parliament introduced a ban on military support for Saudi Arabia from European Union members.

Military expert Gustavo Morales Delgado told Sputnik Mundo the move was "unexpected because Saudi Arabia is continuing to carry out strikes in Yemen, killing thousands of people."

"There are two ways Riyadh could use those weapons. First, Saudi Arabia will intensify the conflict in Syria, by supplying weapons to terrorists. Second, it could use them in the Yemeni conflict. But it is clear that those weapons will be used abroad anyway," the expert said.

Initially, Felipe VI’s visit to the kingdom was scheduled for January, but was cancelled after Riyadh executed 47 people.

The Spanish monarch has been widely criticized in his country over his trip to Saudi Arabia. Some Spanish political parties, including Podemos and the Republican Left of Catalonia, demanded cancellation of the visit.

In turn, the Citizens Party called on the Spanish monarch to discuss with the Saudi leadership the issue of human rights violation in the kingdom.

Amnesty International sent a letter addressed to the Spanish king, calling on him to "exercise influence" on Saudi Arabia to stop attacks on civilians in Yemen. However, at the moment Spain is interested more in weapons deals, rather than in observing human rights, according to Delgado.

"Of course, Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy. It is a global shame that last year this country was elected chair of a key panel in the UN Human Rights Council. Riyadh continues executions and tortures. Spain does not need such an ally, and Saudi Arabia should not be the first on the list of our king’s visits," Delgado said.
 
ISIS brainwashed 400,000 kids in Mosul to fight, carry out suicide attacks – report

https://www.rt.com/news/367089-mosul-children-isis-brainwashed/

Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS/ISIL) terrorists were brainwashing thousands of children for the past two years in the occupied city of Mosul, their stronghold in Iraq, according to a report by Iraqi High Commission for Human Rights.

The jihadists are said to have been modifying school curricula for two years to “brainwash student children, force hatred onto them and oblige them to join ,” according to the Commission’s media director, Jawad al-Shamri, as cited by Iraqi News.

He also said that IS had managed to meddle with the education of as many as 400,000 children in this manner.

ISIS syllabuses taught children how to make explosive belts, take female hostages and prepare booby-traps,” al-Shamri detailed. Warning that such practices would “become entrenched in children’s minds” if they are not taken care of immediately, al-Shamri said he had approached the UN with a call to provide rehabilitation for the youngsters.

Just last week, the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) published a report stating that amid the ongoing offensive on Mosul by the Iraqi Army, IS has been stockpiling mustard gas, executing and kidnapping civilians, and increasingly recruiting more and more child soldiers as its ranks are depleted by the coalition’s onslaught.

Heartbreaking images of children…children…being forced to carry out executions […] The forced displacement of tens of thousands of civilians and their exploitation as human shields, and then the risk of reprisals against these long-suffering women, men and children for their perceived support of ISIL – the extent of civilian suffering in Mosul and other ISIL-occupied areas in Iraq is numbing and intolerable,” High Commissioner Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein said regarding the findings.

The purpose for the use of child soldiers by IS is quite clear: to prepare them for suicide missions when the city is breached by the Iraqi Army. The group has already deployed some of them against the advancing forces.

[...] ISIL deployed what it calls the ‘Sons of the Caliphate’ in the alleys of the old town of Mosul, wearing explosive belts. We are concerned that these may be teenagers and young boys,” said the OHCHR.


Over the past several years there have been numerous reports that IS organizes training camps for turning children into killing machines. Multiple videos have appeared online with child-terrorists executing IS hostages or fulfilling other gruesome tasks for propaganda purposes.

All these children, some apparently no older than 3 years, receive military and religious training. As can be seen from the group’s propaganda videos, kids are given weapons as toys and made to watch executions for “educational purposes.”

It was reported earlier this year that around 400 Yazidi children were abducted by militants in Iraq last winter alone. Another 500 children were kidnapped in Diyala and Anbar provinces in May. The United Nations reported that between 800 and 900 children in Mosul itself had been abducted for military and religious training.

The head of the Iraqi Parliament’s Committee for Women, Family and Childhood, Rehab al-Abouda, claims IS has already turned most of these kidnapped youngsters into militants and is using them in clashes with the Iraqi security forces.

The Iraqi forces are advancing on Mosul from the east and the south, having cleared several surrounding towns and entered the eastern districts of the city last week. They have, however, faced resistance from the militants who deployed suicide car bombs, snipers and waves of counter-attacks against the army.

Interior Ministry spokesman Saad Maan said on Tuesday that Iraqi forces have driven out militants from more than one-third of the eastern half of the city, Reuters reported. He said Baghdad intends to stop at nothing to push the militants out of the city.

Reports claim that up to 25 people have been killed by terrorists during the past two days on charges of collaborating with the Iraqi security forces. Some 2,000 Mosul inhabitants have reportedly been abducted and taken towards the district of Tal Afar to be used as human shields.



Sputnik EXCLUSIVE: Secret Document Tells Daesh Not to Attack US Coalition Planes

https://sputniknews.com/military/201611161047506333-secret-daesh-document/

Sputnik's Arabic bureau has obtained photos of a decree by Daesh (ISIL/ISIS) leaders instructing its fighters not to attack US-led coalition aircraft operating over Mosul and the surrounding area.

The document, discovered in the recently-liberated Iraqi city of Bakhdida, about 32 km southeast of the Daesh-held stronghold of Mosul, explicitly tells jihadis not to attack any coalition aircraft over Mosul or its suburbs.

According to Sputnik Arabic, the decree was discovered by Assyrian Christian militia on an information stand in central Bakhdida, at a so-called Daesh 'mobilization center'. Such centers were established by the terrorist group to mobilize the local population and train new recruits.

The text of the decree reads: "It is strictly forbidden to shoot down, using any weapons whatsoever, any aircraft that is in the air, no matter what height they are flying at, even if the aircraft lands on the rooftop of houses."

The document is signed by local Daesh leader Abu Muawia.

The decree was discovered by the Nineveh Plain Protection Units, a militia group composed mostly of Assyrian Christians, who are concentrated in northern Iraq. The militia was formed in late 2014 to defend against Daesh, which has treated those who refused to convert to their faith with extreme brutality.

"It should be noted," Sputnik Arabic stressed, "that the competency to conduct airstrikes against Daesh in the Nineveh region lies [strictly] with planes of the international coalition led by the United States, which has repeatedly been accused of airstrikes on forces of the People's Militia and the Iraqi military, and of dropping humanitarian and military aid which has ended up in Daesh's hands."

The US and its allies began a massive campaign of airstrikes against Daesh targets in and around the northern Iraqi city of Mosul in mid-October, after Iraqi Prime Minister Haider Abadi announced a campaign to liberate the key Daesh stronghold.
 
A legitimate report:

Daesh is said to have begun to remove human organs from its own members, after the terrorist group lost important funding sources.

Short on Cash, Daesh Reportedly Steals Body Parts From Its Own Ranks
https://sputniknews.com/world/201611221047688960-daesh-body-organs-trade/

22.11.2016 - As a result of precision bombing conducted by international forces against Daesh infrastructure, the organization has lost many oil fields that were seen to be the primary source of its income.

According to a recent report by Alsumaria News, financial pressure has forced Daesh to seek cash in other ways. The group has turned to the organ trade, and reports suggest that some of the organs being sold to generate much-needed cash are being stolen from their own members. "A medical unit belonging to the ISIS [Daesh] stole human organs, including kidneys and other organs, from 85 militants in Nineveh hospitals, and transferred them to other hospital in the outskirt of the city," the agency said in a statement.

"Dozens of human organs were stolen from civilians and bodies that were transferred to the forensic medicine department."

According to reports, to raise funds the extremist group uses mediators to transport harvested organs to Syria where they are then smuggled into international black markets.

Mohamed Alhakim, urged the UN Security Council to investigate the deaths of 12 doctors in Mosul, Iraq, in connection with the Daesh organ trade, claiming the doctors were killed after refusing to participate in the practice.

"This is clearly something bigger than we think," Alhakim said. A Daesh-related document acquired in 2015 revealed that the group had passed a fatwa allowing organs to be removed from captives, in order to save a Muslim's life. "The apostate's life and organs don't have to be respected and may be taken with impunity," the ruling reportedly says.

(And here - back dated December 25, 2015 :)
Islamic State Sanctioned Organ Harvesting from Captives in Document Taken in US Raid
https://news.vice.com/article/islamic-state-sanctioned-organ-harvesting-from-captives-in-document-taken-in-us-raid

The Islamic State authorized the harvesting of human organs in a previously undisclosed ruling by the group's Islamic scholars, raising concerns that the violent extremist group may be trafficking in body parts.

The ruling, contained in a January 31, 2015 document reviewed by Reuters, says taking organs from a living captive to save a Muslim's life, even if it is fatal for the captive, is permissible. It justifies the practice in part by drawing an analogy to cannibalism in extreme circumstances, a practice it says earlier Islamic scholars had allowed.

"Saving a Muslim from death or deterioration is an Islamic legal duty that should be performed with every legitimate way or financial means," says the document, which is in the form of a fatwa, or religious ruling, from the Islamic State's Research and Fatwa Committee. "The jurists of the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools and others permitted, when necessary, the killing of the infidel combatant or the apostate should one need to consume their flesh for the purpose of saving his own life."

For a US government translation of the document, "Fatwa Number 68," click here:
_http://graphics.thomsonreuters.com/doc/document.pdf

"The apostate's life and organs don't have to be respected and may be taken with impunity," the translation continues. "Organs that end the captive's life if removed: The removal of that type is also not prohibited."

Reuters couldn't independently confirm the authenticity of the document. US officials say it was among a trove of data and other information obtained by US Special Forces in a raid in eastern Syria in May.

The document does not offer any proof that Islamic State actually engages in organ harvesting or organ trafficking. But it does provide religious sanction for doing so under the group's harsh interpretation of Islam — which is rejected by most Muslims. Previously, Iraq has accused Islamic State of harvesting human organs and trafficking them for profit.

The document does not define "apostate," though the Islamic State has killed or imprisoned Shia Muslims, non-Muslims, such as Christians, as well as Sunni Muslims who don't follow its extremist views.

Documents shared with allies US officials say the records that were seized have given the US government a deep look into how Islamic State organizes, raises funds and codifies laws for its followers.

Iraq's ambassador to the United Nations, Mohamed Ali Alhakim, told Reuters the documents should be examined by the UN Security Council as evidence that Islamic State could be trafficking in organs to raise cash.

in February, Alhakim invited international observers to investigate corpses discarded by Islamic State militants, whom he accused of harvesting organs from captives. He claimed that militants had killed a dozen doctors in the captive Iraqi city of Mosul for refusing to harvest organs, and called on the Security Council to look at bodies recovered from mass shallow graves that had been found with deep surgical cuts and missing organs.

"We have bodies. Come and examine them," he said at the time. "It is clear they are missing certain parts."

The UN special envoy for Iraq, Nickolay Mladenov, said at the time that he could not confirm the claim, but promised it would be investigated. The UN has not provided an update on that investigation, which Alhakim said he would ask the Security Council to revisit.

The May raid in Syria, which resulted in the death of Islamic State top financial official Abu Sayyaf and the capture of his wife, netted seven terabytes of data in the form of computer hard drives, thumb drives, CDs, DVDs and papers, said Brett McGurk, US President Barack Obama's Special Presidential Envoy for the Global Coalition to Counter ISIL — a reference to an alternative name for the terror group, which is also known as ISIS and Daesh. Abu Sayyaf was a Tunisian militant whose real name was Fathi ben Awn ben Jildi Murad al-Tunisi.

US officials have previously described the Abu Sayyaf raid and some of the documentation seized. But until now, none of the actual documents have been released — aside from materials illustrating Islamic State's trafficking in antiquities, made public at an event at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art in September.

The US government has shared some of the documents from the Abu Sayyaf raid with allied governments in an effort to increase their understanding of Islamic State in recent weeks as Washington works to shore up support for countering the group.

The group of documents reviewed by Reuters — entitled "Lessons Learned From the Abu Sayyaf Raid" — show how the Islamic State has provided a legal justification to its followers for a range of practices.

For instance, "Fatwa Number 64" dated January 29, 2015, provides detailed rules for rape, prescribing when Islamic State men can and cannot have sexual intercourse with female slaves.

McGurk said Islamic State's Research and Fatwa Committee reports directly to the group's leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

Organs of 'infidels' The ruling on organ harvesting cites Islamic texts, principles and laws that it says support what it calls "the notion that transplanting healthy organs into a Muslim person's body in order to save the latter's life or replace a damaged organ with it is permissible."

Senior US officials, including McGurk, said they have not been able to ascertain whether the Islamic State had followed through on the fatwa on organ harvesting.

The document provides "a religious justification for harnessing the organs of what they call infidels," he said.

William McCants, a Brookings Institution scholar who is author of the book The ISIS Apocalypse, said the group's ruling on slavery and human organs don't represent modern Islamic interpretations.

Last December, the news site Al-Monitor reported that organ harvesting appears to be yet another way for the Islamic State to diversify the portfolio that fund its activities.

_http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/12/islamic-state-financing-funding-human-trafficking-extortion.html

Iraqi otolaryngologist Siruwan al-Mosuli informed Al-Monitor that he had noticed "unusual activity" around medical facilities in Mosul where foreign surgeons were employed but banned from interacting with local doctors. He claimed that injured or fallen fighters and hostages were among those used to harvest organs, which are then sold and trafficked through networks to medical institutions abroad.

In early 2014, reports surfaced of organ harvesting taking place in areas of Syria controlled by Islamic militants.

_http://en.alalam.ir/news/1579147

Hossain Noufel, the head of the forensic pathology department of the Damascus University, told Syrian newspaper Al Watan that there had been more than 18,000 cases of organ trafficking in the country's north.


Iraq's ambassador to the United Nations has invited international observers to investigate corpses discarded by Islamic State militants, whom he has accused of harvesting organs from captives.

Iraq's UN Ambassador Accuses Islamic State of Harvesting Organs
https://news.vice.com/article/iraqs-un-ambassador-accuses-islamic-state-of-harvesting-organs

Back-dated February 18, 2015 - Ambassador Mohamed Alhakim called on the Security Council to look at bodies recovered from mass shallow graves, which have been found with deep surgical cuts and missing organs.

"We have bodies. Come and examine them," he said. "It is clear they are missing certain parts."

Alhakim made the accusations following a council briefing session Tuesday on the overall state of Iraq, in which he said the Islamic State were guilty of "crimes of genocide" against ethnic minorities in Iraq, but did not elaborate on the types of crimes.

"These terrorist groups have desecrated all human values," he said. "They have committed the most heinous criminal terrorist acts against the Iraqi people whether Shiite, Sunni, Christians, Turkmen, Shabak or Yazidis."

The ambassador also claimed that militants had killed a dozen doctors in Mosul for refusing to harvest organs.

Allegations of this ghastly practice among militants have circulated previously. Organ harvesting appears to be yet another way for the Islamic State to diversify the portfolio that fund its activities, according to a December report from Al-Monitor.

Iraqi otolaryngologist Siruwan al-Mosuli informed Al-Monitor that he had noticed "unusual activity" around medical facilities in Mosul where foreign surgeons were employed but banned from interacting with local doctors. He claimed that injured or fallen fighters and hostages were among those used to harvest organs, which are then sold and trafficked through networks to medical institutions abroad.

In early 2014, reports surfaced of organ harvesting taking place in areas of Syria controlled by Islamic militants. Hossain Noufel, the head of the forensic pathology department of the Damascus University, told Syrian newspaper Al Watan that there had been more than 18,000 cases of organ trafficking in the country's north.

The UN's outgoing envoy to Iraq, Nikolay Mladenov, also told the intergovernmental organization Tuesday that multiple reports from Iraq upheld allegations that the Islamic State were harvesting organs to bolster its finances.

"It's very clear that the tactics ISIL is using expand by the day," he said, referring to an alternative name for the group, which is also known as ISIS. "Almost daily terrorist attacks continue to deliberately target all Iraqis, most notably the Shi'ite community, as well as ethnic and religious minorities, across the country."

Mladenov noted that at least 790 people had been killed by terrorism and armed conflict in January alone in Iraq.

Last week, the council unanimously adopted a resolution aimed at cutting off Islamic State funding by targeting the sale of oil and antiquities from territory that the group controls in Iraq and Syria, as well as ransom payments for hostages it has taken.
 
ISIL terrorist group used chemical weapons on at least 19 occasions around its self-proclaimed capital Mosul, the latest research published on Tuesday showed.

ISIL Used Chemical Weapons 19 Times around Iraq's Mosul
http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13950902001521

However, the use of chemical weapons has significantly fallen since the start of the Mosul offensive by Iraqi forces despite the city previously harboring the group's main chemical weapons production facilities, the statement further said, Business Wire reported.

It noted that these are likely to have been evacuated to Syria by now.

"ISIL used chemical weapons on at least 52 occasions since 2014 in Iraq and Syria and at least 19 times in the areas around Mosul," the IHS Markit information analysis company said in a statement releasing data gathered by its Conflict Monitor system.

IHS Conflict Monitor, which monitors almost 300 social media sources for information on armed groups in Syria and Iraq, found that ISIL is inclined to deploy chlorine and mustard gas while possessing much lower potential for the use of conventional radioactive weapons.

The militants had captured some radioactive material from hospitals and universities in Mosul, yet the stockpile is of limited use for the creation of radiological dispersion devices (RDD), according to the research.
 

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