Ketogenic diet - maybe Russian Syberian tribes still live like that?

Michal

Dagobah Resident
FOTCM Member
Hi,

I was thinking whether maybe there is some literature on ketogenic diet of native Siberian tribes in Russian language? ???

Maybe there were some studies carried out there similar to that done with Inuits diet? Maybe they are still living this diet right now?

If yes this would be extremely interesting to find out how they do it?

What You think? Maybe friends from Russia may find something? :)
 
Mikel said:
Hi,

I was thinking whether maybe there is some literature on ketogenic diet of native Siberian tribes in Russian language? ???

Maybe there were some studies carried out there similar to that done with Inuits diet? Maybe they are still living this diet right now?

If yes this would be extremely interesting to find out how they do it?

What You think? Maybe friends from Russia may find something? :)

Well, if they find it, I would guess it would probably be because they did some research on-line to look for such a thing. Maybe you could try that yourself?
 
Hmm...
Right
But I was thinking that maybe there is some Russian literature about it not translated into English.
 
Hi Mikel,

I have done a quick google search but I'm sure you can find more if you spend a little energy having a look. Now this information I found is usefull but its in no way the answer you were looking for, perhaps looking more at the Eskimo's will bare more fruit. The siberians seem to have a lot of bread/cereal/pasta in thier diet but some good things too..

_http://www.enotes.com/siberia-reference/siberia
Cookery of the Chaldony
Due to the huge size of the country, almost limitless natural resources, a surplus of free land, and the absence of serfdom, life in the wilderness of Siberia was always more free, happier, and more prosperous than life in European Russia. It was easy to protect one's freedom in Siberiawhen faced with bureaucratic oppression, one could simply leave and settle in remote places or deeper forests. Because of this freedom and abundant local and foreign food products, Chaldon cuisine originated as a rich mixture of European and aboriginal traditions.

Before the Bolshevik Revolution, the Chaldon people produced basic food products on their own farms. These foods included dairy products, meat, vegetables, eggs, breads and other cereal products, vegetable oils, as well as mushrooms, wild berries, pine nuts, fish, and game. Although every family possessed hunting guns and traps, game was not central to the Siberian diet. Food was stewed, boiled, or baked in a Russian oven or fried in oil or drawn butter.

Breads and other cereal and legume products. Chaldon farmers grew rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, millet, peas, and beans. Wheat was raised in the southern regions, such as Altay. Wheat flour of very high quality, which was used for cookies and cakes, was usually bought at market fairs in large cities.

Every village family and many city households made their own rye, barley, and wheat breads in a round or kalatch (padlock-shaped) form; some families had wooden bread molds. Bread flour was mixed with milk and homemade hop yeast and was left standing over night. In the morning, when the bread dough was finished, eggs, post-noya maslo (Lenten oil), and milk were often added to the bread. Wealthy families might have used pine-nut oil insteaduch bread had a unique flavor and could be kept longer than usual. During times of food shortages, some people baked a green emergency bread made from flour and a large proportion of ground dried nettle leaves.

Kasha. Kasha is the Russian word for gruel or porridge. It is used to describe any kind of boiled cereals, peas, beans, other seeds, or even potatoes and vegetables. Kasha can be made sweet or salty, and it can contain almost any kind of additions, like meat, milk, nuts, fresh or dry fruits, and even pumpkin. Kasha can be made from a mixture of different seeds and/or other components that are boiled or baked in an oven. It is eaten hot or cold, as a main dish or as a garnish, plain or with the addition of fruit jams, or diluted with fresh milk if buckwheat is used.

During the first part of the twentieth century, Siberians made many different kashas from barley, millet, or oats. Peas, string beans, and fava beans were also used. Rice was uncommon and used only on special occasionsnlike all other Orthodox Christians who use wheat for kut'ya (a funeral dish), the Chaldons make kut'ya from rice and raisins.

Pirogi, pirozhki, and bliny. Leavened dough was widely used for pirogi (large pies) and pirozhki (small pies). Pirozhki could be fried or baked and stuffed with potatoes, carrots, green onion and eggs, liver, minced meat, fish, or fresh or dried berries (black currant, raspberry, bird cherry, haws) mixed with malt. The Siberian analogue of pizza was a round, flat pie called shangi, which was topped with cottage cheese and sour cream and then baked. Another round pie, called beliash, was stuffed with meat, closed up, and fried. Beliash can be traced to a Tartar heritage, since in Kazan tartar cookery there was a meat pie called belish. The traditional large holiday pie of Chaldons, often called kurnik, was made with fish or chicken.

There are also sweet holiday open-faced berry-pies (usually made with black currant).

Many different recipes exist for bliny (large thin pancakes) and oladyi (smaller pancakes of thicker dough usually oval in shape). These could be made of wheat or rye, leaven or unleavened, and some buckwheat flour, milk, and eggs. Oil and honey could also be added. Once they were made, bliny could be stuffed with caviar and eaten cold, or filled with cottage cheese or meat and then baked in the oven or fried. Usually people had a separate frying pan or two for pancakes, and only a pigeon wing was used to grease the pan.

Other types of baked pastries included pechen'ya (cookies), prianik (a type of honey-cake), sooshka (ringshaped pretzels, small kalatch dipped into boiling water before baking); smetannyya kalatchiki (baked pies of unleavened dough based on sour cream), and kulich (Easter cake with raisins or other dry fruits).

Oils and fats. Unlike that of European Russia, Siberian cookery involved many fried dishes. The reason for this is simple: Chaldons had a lot of vegetable oil. The most common oils were hemp-seed and linseed oils; rarer were sunflower and poppy-seed oils. The most expensive oil was pine-nut oil, produced only in forest areas. Since Siberians had many cows, they produced large quantities of butter, which was even exported to Europe. The Chaldony, however, preferred drawn butter for frying foods. The use of fish oil was adopted from local fishermen tribes. It was very rarely used in European Russia, but in the north of Siberia it served as a substitute for vegetable oils. For example, in northern Siberia, pies were fried in tench oil.

Meat. At the beginning of the twentieth century, meat was one of the main features of the Siberian menu. It was always on the table, excluding, of course, fasting days preceding the big Christian holidays, as well as Wednesday and Friday of every week.

The most important meats were beef, lamb, chicken, and goose. Meat-and-cabbage soup, called shchi, was usually cooked on a daily basis. Borscht, the red-beet meat soup, was popular among settlers from southern Russia. Due to the convenience of Russian ovens, boiling or stewing was the most common way of cooking meat.

According to the old custom only three-year-old bulls, "that had enough time to put on weight," were slaughtered for meat. Kolbasa (sausages) were traditionally made of beef; only at the end of the nineteenth century did Chaldon cooks learn recipes for pork kolbasa from newly arrived European immigrants. Horse meat was also used for sausages and was cooked in a variety of ways in the areas where Russian Siberians were in close contact with horse-breeding aboriginals. The Chaldony applied the same logic to reindeer venison in the areas of reindeer-raising tribes and to maral (Siberian deer) venison in the Altay Mountains of southern Siberia.

One of the most popular traditional foods in Siberia was aspic or meat jelly, called kholodets. It came from the legs and ears of cows and pigs that are boiled for a long time over a low heat. The meat was then cut off the bones, chopped into very fine pieces, and covered with its broth. Usually onion, garlic, and black pepper were added, as well as carrots and other root vegetables. Especially delicate was the kholodets made of duck, goose, or chicken feet, which required the most laborious preparation. Kholodets was usually served with very hot Russian mustard or horseradish sauce, often as a cold meal accompanied by vodka.

Kotlety, an oval-shaped rissole made from a mixture of minced beef and pork (with additions of onion, garlic, and white bread soaked in milk), was adopted from German settlers, as were rybny and kurinny kotlety, made from minced fish or chicken.

Pel'meni. Pel'meni was a very distinctive Siberian stuffed pasta dish traditionally cooked during winter. In form, pel'meni was a thin round (about 2 inches in diameter) of soft pasta dough folded over a minced meat filling to make a semicircle, with the two arms (the corners) twisted around and stuck together. One could find hundreds of pel'meni filling recipes involving chicken, game birds, elk, fish, reindeer, mushrooms, and many vegetarian variations; some restaurants even used meat from a brown bear as a local delicacy. However, the filling was made traditionally of two (beef and pork) or three (with the addition of lamb) types of meat, along with onion, salt, and ground black pepper.

In some villages, Chaldony made thousands of pel'meni during the first cold winter weeks, freezing them in the seni (unheated hallway) and storing them in sacks for consumption as fast-cooking food throughout the winter. Pel'meni were not cooked over steam, as many similar central Asian dishes were; rather they were boiled in water. In the past, pel'meni was the food normally given to travellers, especially to the yamschik (winter coachmen) who conveyed goods and passengers by sani (sleds) over huge distances of Siberia. The name pel'meni originates from the Komi language: pel', meaning 'ear', and nian', meaning 'bread'. In turn, the origin of Komi's pel'nian recipe can be traced to thirteenth-century China. When the Russian colonization of Siberia began at the end of the sixteenth century, Perm', the land of Komi, was used as the base for expansion. Not only did all Russian expeditions to Siberia go through Perm', where Russians learned about pel'meni, but also about 30 percent of the colonists were recruited from the Komi people. As a result, pel'meni spread throughout the huge colony and became a Siberian national dish.

Fish. Fish is a plentiful and favorite food of native Siberians. It is used for ouha (fish soup), pies, frying, and for pickling. Siberians love baked stuffed fish (usually pike); some scholars consider that it was adopted from Jewish cuisine, but differences in the recipe show that it is an indigenous local dish. Eekra (caviar) in Siberian cookery is not just a delicacy but also an everyday food. Siberians also make flat round caviar cakessually these cakes are just pure fried caviar, sometimes with the addition of chopped onion, black pepper, and a little flour. Fresh sterlet, sturgeon, salmon, or pike caviar is served slightly salted and mixed with fresh chopped onions.

From Siberian aborigines the Chaldony adopted such simple but extremely tasty food as fish stroganina or chushhin chips cut from a large boneless piece of fresh frozen fish. Chush is a kind of simple but delicious accompaniment for vodka, usually eaten straight or with salt and black pepper, sometimes with chopped onion and vinegar.

Milk and egg dishes. Households of Siberian oldtimers usually had many milk cows. Tvorog (cottage cheese) and smetana (sour cream) were mixed together to make a popular breakfast dish (a kind of thick yogurt) that was often eaten with honey or berry jams. In the areas near Turkic tribes, dried cottage cheese cakes were popular, and in Altay, cottage cheese cakes were smoked. Tvorog is the base for the dough of the popular Siberian syrniki (thick flat cottage cheese pancakes); it is made by combining tvorog, flour, milk, and eggs. Paskha (literally Easter, or in this case, traditional Russian Easter cake) is also based on cottage cheese mixed with eggs, raisins, honey, and candied fruits. Sour cream is used as a base for sauces and almost always as a soup dressing for shchi, borsch, mushroom soup, okroshka, and other soups, as well as a base for sweet cake creams.

Mushrooms and other wild plants. Mushrooms are an important source of proteins and are an essential raw material in Siberian cuisine: they are used in Siberian cooking much more often than in Europe. Many a Siberian family can collect up to 700,100 pounds of various wild mushrooms over a typical season (June to the end of September) just for the family's use. Agaric mushrooms are used for pickling with such ingredients as brine, dill, horseradish, and garlic, and, sometimes, oriental spices like black pepper, bay leaf, and cloves are added. Only saffron milk cap, chanterelle, and sometimes Armillaria (honey mushrooms) are fried on their own or stewed with potatoes. Armillaria can also be dried together with all spongy mushrooms: cep, brown cap boletus, orange-cap boletus, mossiness mushroom, Boletus luteus. In addition to drying for later use for winter mushroom soup or frying, spongy mushrooms are fried or stewed with potatoes,added to kashas, baked with eggs, and used in various mushroom soups.

Festive food. Patron saints' days, the so-called guliaschi den' (idle day) when nobody works, were planned well in advance. People made vodka and beer days ahead of time. Lots of guests from the neighborhood were invited into homes, and groups of people went from place to place visiting different houses. Every house had to prepare ample food, as in every house people were eating, drinking, singing, and dancing. Such holidays were only meant for married couples; young people were not entitled to take part in the feast.

For such feasts people always made pancakes, honey-cakes, cookies, and various pastries. Meat-and fish-jelly and fish pie were some standards among a great number of other dishes. Before the guests approached the table, they would offer their good wishes to the hosts: "Bread on the table and salt on the table. Let it always be this way for you." After the meal and the merriment, parting guests would say: "Our Lord, save the hosts; give them good health, concord and ransom."

A Chaldon funeral repast consisted of a minimum of twelve dishes. The first items on the menu were the kut'ya (boiled-rice funereal dish), then bliny, boiled eggs sliced in half, and okroshka (cold soup) with meat. Chicken and meat soups, mushrooms, corned beef, aspic, meat and chicken, boiled meatballs, and kashas followed. The last dish was fruit compote or berry kissel along with small pies or a big sweet pie. Strong drinks were not served.

For the funeral repast usually all people who knew the deceased were invited. Then ninth day, fortieth day, and one year funeral repasts followed. For the ninth day repast, just relatives and those who were helping at the funeral and funeral party were in attendance; for the forty days meal, all who came for the ninth day and those who dug the grave attended. All who came to the funeral were invited to the one year repast.

The table at a wedding celebration was especially rich: the party was three days long and cost a lot of money. A tale from the Tomsk province tells of a wedding party where everything was ready and in place, but the bride's previous boyfriend stole her away. As much money and effort had been spent in preparation for the party; the empty-handed bridegroom decided to marry another girl, saying: "Since everything is ready why should I throw out so much food?"

Maslenitsa (Shrovetide) was the last week before Lent. Traditional foods for this time included bliny, fish, and caviar. The best food, including lots of meat, was prepared for Paskha (Easter). Traditionally painted eggs, kulich, and Paskha (the Easter cake) were also served. Christmas merrymaking took place over the course of three to four days. Pork gammons, chickens, and turkeys were cooked, as well as lots of pies with various fillings.

There is a lot more on that link posted above on the different peoples/tribes in siberia. It is a good start.

Regards,

Brent.
 
ooh ohh I found this, interesting but not backed up by any hard evidence yet. We can just pretend tis is possibly a verified source....

_http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/05/13/ST2008051302252.html Page 1
_http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/13/AR2008051300583_2.html?sid=ST2008051302252 Page 2

Not many visitors come to this remote village on the Yamal Peninsula, north of the Polar Circle, several hours by tractor or snowmobile from the nearest road. And of those who do, few come for the cuisine, which has a reputation for being monotonous to the extreme. But I am attracted by the food and by a nutritional question: How come the people here, who for long periods eat nothing but the meat from one type of animal, are healthier than we are? It is what Patricia Gadsby, writing for Discover magazine about the somewhat similar diet of the indigenous people in Northern Canada and Greenland, called "the Inuit paradox."

In this case it would be the Nenet paradox. The Nenets, the indigenous reindeer-herding people of this part of Siberia, have a menu that sounds like just the opposite of what the doctor ordered: They eat reindeer meat, most of it raw and frozen. From September to May they eat very little else, apart from the odd piece of raw, preferably frozen, fish. One would think that this extreme protein- and fat-driven diet would lead to a lot of health problems -- obesity, cardiovascular diseases -- but the opposite is true.

The article goes on further to explain the possible benefits, Its quite a good read actually. There are two pages.

Best Regards,

Brent.
 
You might be interested in something like this. Mongolia is not Siberia, but it
is 'in that direction' :-)

From _http://www.westonaprice.org/in-his-footsteps/diet-of-mongolia

"In 1870, the Russian Geographical Society (RGS) granted permission and funding
for a small expedition of ten men led by Lieutenant-Colonel Nikolai Mikhailovich
Przhevalsky to journey into Mongolia..."

He 'discovered' the wild horse, named for him: Equus ferus przewalskii.

Diet:
"[The mongolian...] never drinks cold water, but always prefers brick-tea, a
staple article of consumption with all the Asiatic nomads. It is procured
from the Chinese, and the Mongols are so passionately fond of it that
neither men nor women can do without it for many days. From morning
till night the kettle is simmering on the hearth, and all members of
the family constantly have recourse to it. It is the first refreshment
offered to guests."
"The mode of preparation is disgusting: the vessel in which the tea is boiled
is never cleansed, and is occasionally scrubbed with argols, i.e. dried horse
or cow dung. Salt water is generally used, but if unobtainable, salt is added.
The tea is then pared off with a knife or pounded in a mortar, and a handful
of it thrown into the boiling water, to which a few cups of milk are added.
To soften the brick-tea, which is sometimes as hard as a rock, it is placed
for a few minutes among hot argols, which imparts a flavor and aroma to the
whole beverage. This is the first process....For a more substantial meal the
Mongol mixes dry roasted millet in his cup, and, as a final relish, adds a
lump of butter or raw sheep tail fat (kurdiuk). The reader may now imagine
what a revolting compound of nastiness is produced, and yet they consume any
quantity of it! Ten to fifteen large cupfulls is the daily allowance for a
girl, but full-grown men take twice as much."

The addition of butter or sheep-tail fat makes it sound like they are using
their tea in their diet in similar way to the use of bone broth advocated here.
BTW The salt was probably helpful because another article
_http://www.chinaculture.org/focus/focus/minzuwang/2010-06/25/content_383847.html
there is mention of iodine deficiency in the diet.

"The food of the Mongols also consists of milk prepared in various ways,
either as butter, curds, whey or koumiss..."
Koumiss is fermented mares milk:
"...They are all inclined to indulge too freely, although drunkenness
is not so rife with them as it is in more civilized countries..."

In a travelogue I read not so long ago (not got the name handy) it seems vodka
is now the tipple of choice, resulting in much more serious side-effects.

"In autumn, when the grass is of poorest description, the sheep fatten
wonderfully, and the fatter the better for the Mongol taste...."
"No part of the slaughtered animal is wasted, but everything is eaten up
with the utmost relish..."
"The gluttony of this people exceeds all description. A Mongol will eat
more than ten pounds of meat at one sitting, but some have been known to
devour an average-sized sheep in twenty-four hours! On a journey, when
provisions are economized, a leg of mutton is the ordinary daily ration
for one man, and although he can live for days without food, yet, when
once he gets it, he will eat enough for seven."
"They always boil their mutton, only roasting the breast as a delicacy.
On a winter's journey, when the frozen meat requires extra time for
cooking they eat it half raw...Of the liquor in which he has boiled his
meat he makes soup by adding millet or dough, drinking it like tea..."
"The bones are licked clean and cracked for the sake of the marrow;
the shoulder blade of mutton is always broken and thrown aside,
it being considered unlucky to leave it unbroken."

Lifestyle:
"…The most striking trait in their [the Mongols'] character is sloth.
Their whole lives are passed in holiday making, which harmonizes with
their pastoral pursuits. Their cattle are their only care, and even
they do not cause them much trouble. The camels and horses graze on
the steppe without any watch, only requiring to be watered once a day
in summer at the neighboring well. The women and children tend the
flocks and herds. Milking the cows, churning butter, preparing their
meals, and other domestic work, falls to the lot of the women. The men,
as a rule, do nothing but gallop about all day long from yurta to yurta,
drinking tea or koumiss, and gossiping with their neighbors.

Finally, their health:
"Endowed by nature with a strong constitution, and trained from early
childhood to endure hardships, the Mongol enjoys excellent health,
notwithstanding all the discomforts of life in the desert. In the
depth of winter, for a month at a time, they accompany the tea caravans.
Day by day the thermometer registers upwards of minus 20° F, with a
constant wind from the northwest, intensifying the cold until it is
almost unendurable. But in spite of it they keep their seat on their
camels for fifteen hours at a stretch, with a keen wind blowing in
their teeth. A man must be made of iron to stand this; but a Mongol
performs the journey backwards and forwards four times during the winter,
making upwards of 3,000 miles."

This does not sound so "slothful" to me.
A little bit further down the Web page there is this comment from a modern Western
author writing in/of the 1990s:

"...after eating some of the five-year-old female camel which was quite
tender and tasty, I began to reconsider my earlier plans concerning
our winter meat supply. By the time we had eaten one hind quarter and
were ready to cook up the bone in soup and get the marrow, I just had
to get a picture of us holding the massive piece of broken bone, happy
as larks. It was great! Was there a convert in the making? Perhaps I was
starting to change from my ignorance that arose from western "propaganda"
as to what is healthy and what is not. Ten years later and after
subscribing to Wise Traditions for two years, I laughed at what
I used to think was "heart stopper" food which I now could eat with
relish."
"Whenever the family cut up the meat, they never wasted anything and
always cherished the fat and bone marrow. I used to call bone marrow
Mongolian chocolate." None of the old people I have talked to mention
the making of bone broth. I think the reason for this is that it takes
too much time and, more important, too much fuel. The way they eat the
bone marrow is to put the bones in with the soup and once that is done
they take the bones out and break them in half, scoop out the marrow
with a narrow device and eat it as a delicacy."
Finally:
"Once an animal is killed, the blood is collected and put into the
cleaned intestine to make blood sausage. The innards are always eaten
first as they go bad the quickest. After cleaning the intestines, they
make blood sausage from it and boil all the innards together. Every
one sits around the bowl of guts and takes a knife and cuts off what
they want from each piece. The lung has the most unique texture but
it all grew on me pretty quickly. They save the head and feet to be
heated with a piece of hot iron and remove the hooves and eat the meat
underneath. Everything of the animal is eaten except the spleen. For a
propagandized American, it was great to see how nothing was wasted and
everything was relished. And now ten years later, to realize how wholesome,
nutritious and nourishing this traditional diet truly is for us all, is
reassuring as we raise our children on this pure, unadulterated God-given
food."

My mum and grandmother used to cook lungs when I was a child. We called it 'lights'
I didn't like it much.

BTW, You can find Weston A. Price and westonaprice.org referenced elsewhere on
this forum.
 
Here's a survival show (23mins) with Ray Mears who hangs out with Siberian reindeer hearders, the Evenk. They eat little other than Reindeer meat. Interestingly, the babies seem very content and, according to Mears, never cry.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEVB0cpEPVA
 
There was a recent study made in another part of the world, Bolivia. Indigenous women, who eat lots of fish (and animal fat, I would think) were compared to American women, and their maternal milk tested. The indigenous milk was far healthier and richer in Omega-3 than the American milk. They don't specify what else is different in their diets, but it's hard to imagine the indigenous women eating at Mac Donald's, or having lots of carbs (even though corn is very common among indigenous populations in South America). Here is the link (in Spanish).

Also in South America (Argentina this time), the Querandi tribe was a group of hunter gatherers too. Their name actually means "men with fat", known for having a diet based on animal fat. As far as I know, unfortunately they are all gone today, and the only descendants are a mix between Querandis and Mapuches.

Here's the wiki link (interesting history - maybe their diet contributed in making them so resilient to the Spanish conquerors? : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Querand%C3%AD
 
Hi, Wow!!!
Sorry Mrs. Peel - No I don't speak Russian. Only basic things: spasiba adin dwa dasfidania :)
I know that it may look selfish but I thought that maybe... well I do not know what I was thinking but I had impression.
Now I am gonnna dig that staff :). That is cool!
 
Ailén said:
Also in South America (Argentina this time), the Querandi tribe was a group of hunter gatherers too. Their name actually means "men with fat", known for having a diet based on animal fat. As far as I know, unfortunately they are all gone today, and the only descendants are a mix between Querandis and Mapuches.

Here's the wiki link (interesting history - maybe their diet contributed in making them so resilient to the Spanish conquerors? : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Querand%C3%AD

Coincidentally, I read few weeks ago about them, because lately I've been searching information about different current and ancient hunter-gatherer peoples, to see their lifestyles, diet, etc.. There is something else very interesting here: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Querand%C3%ADes#Expedici.C3.B3n_de_Sebasti.C3.A1n_Gaboto
And http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Querand%C3%ADes#Expedici.C3.B3n_de_Pedro_de_Mendoza

It is in spanish, it says, according to the sailors Sebastian Gaboto and Pedro de Mendoza, that they also drank the blood of the killed animal. That made me remember the "take drink, this is my blood" mentioned by the Cs.

I also remember to have seen a documental of an african tribe (not hunters but Nilotic cattle herders in this case, and somewhere in east Africa) who pierced a living cow and drank immediately her blood, which was both a ritual and something they claimed it was very good for health.
 
Graalsword said:
I also remember to have seen a documental of an african tribe (not hunters but Nilotic cattle herders in this case, and somewhere in east Africa) who pierced a living cow and drank immediately her blood, which was both a ritual and something they claimed it was very good for health.

Indeed it is. If you're in a survival situation and you are able to kill an animal, you make sure to keep the blood for its nutrients and most importantly the salt. I know some may be turned off by this idea, but it could well save your life to learn how to drain blood from an animal. The simplest way that I've read about is to hang the animal and let the blood drain into a pan or bowl of some sort.
 
Hi,

This post is mostly for entertainment and not much useful knowledge but some of You may be curious about life of arctic people so enjoy my repport.

One month or so ago I have read article in the Guardian titled "Traditional life in the Siberian Arctic - in pictures" link below.
_http://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2014/APR/28/traditional-life-in-the-siberian-arctic-in-picture

Photographer Brian Alexander spent a lot of time living for months together with Siberian tribes like Nenets and eating their diet. Not only Siberian, he traveled all over the world and spent also some time with Inuits in Northern Canada and Greenland.
See more of his pictures from arctic life:
_http://www.arcticphoto.co.uk/results.asp?fotid=BA

I was curious about his experiences and we had telephone conversation about diet and customs of native tribes from his perspective.

So Mr. Alexander visited Russian Siberia several times. Once before his expedition with Nenets he was advised by local doctor from the village to stick to natives diet and advised also to drink blood. In Alexander's opinion Siberian tribes as well as Inuits are basically healthy and strong.

In general he summed up their dietary habits that they do not have fixed times for meals of course but they eat when they are hungry. Usually it is just after wake up and than in midday and after they finish their daily work in the evening. So looks like three meals a day. Their work is hard. They are herders and this is something that You need a lot of energy for. He said that for example Chukchi herders can start in the morning and go 16 - 30 km a day checking their animals in land without roads, sometimes in heavy weather conditions. Meals consists of mainly meat. This is dictated by practical issues. It is available for herders all the time, it is condensed with nutrients so it does not take much space and is not heavy and effect of satiation lasts longer then other food.

Adaptation for native's diet was not a problem he said. More of a problem with native's way of eating was eating raw meat, fat and maybe especially fermented meat or fermented fat (Inuits).

As it comes to how much do natives eat is basically until they are satiated but Inuits hunters eat a lot because they never know when their next meal would be. Nenet and other herders have their food always with them - reindears.
Whole killed animal is consumed. Normally liver or heart are eaten raw just after kill which is delicacy. Also blood is drank straight after kill. All organs are being eaten: lungs, intestines, kidneys etc. Bone marrow is very likeable. He said that all natives like fat. Fat animal is much more tasty.

Reindear meat is very lean and inland tribes, like for example Chukchi, like to barter their reindear meat with sea food hunters Chukchi from the coast for their more fatty food. In the end of the summer reindears are getting the most back fat which is good for storing. They eat fat basically raw.

Brian claims that native Siberian tribes have enormous number of taboos like "man can do this, women can't do this" etc. They are animists - believing that each object has it's soul: rock, tree, animal. Everyone wants to live good with spirits so they treat their environment accordingly. When they start meal they offer food to spirits. Food may have special meaning related to spiritual world - if animal is important for family or tribe (totemic) then it is taboo food. He also said that when they eat reindear tongue they cut tip of it and throw away, believing that people will not talk about them (probably in some bad way).

Lack of veterinarian is not a problem. They have their knowledge about bad symptoms and are very cautious with any signs of illnesses.

As our talk was going to an end I have expressed my fantasy that it would be really interesting if he could take with him for next expedition to Siberia or Greenland / Canadian arctic dietitian to take a closer look on native's way of eating which would be probably very interesting for paleo eaters all over the world.

His book "40 below: Traditional Life in the Arctic" is beautiful album. You may take a look in link below.
_http://www.arcticapublishing.com/info.htm

PS. When I was a kid my first idea who I would like to be was to become a traveler. In a fact I wanted to go to Himalaya mountains. Lookin at pictures of Brian Alexander I wish I could taste living in Siberia too. Seen by the filter of his eyes/camera one may think that ice-age is not that bad, at least may be really beautiful :).
 
Buttered tea, my favourite KD staple, is very popular among peoples/tribes in Mongolia and also in Tibet.

Here is a story:

Drinking butter tea is a regular part of Tibetan life. It is always served as a gesture of hospitality, and consumed throughout the day. There is a Tibetan mythology behind butter tea. There were tribal fights in ancient Tibet. One princess and one prince from two hostile tribes fell in love. The two lovers wouldn’t betray their people. They committed suicide out of love. The princess turned to the tea leaves in the tree and the prince turned to the salt in the lake. A truce was declared between the two tribes. After that, people made butter tea which made of butter, tea and salt, to memorize the lovers, whom would be mingled with each other and forever together.
http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/fall12/fu_x/culturalheritage.html

M.T.
 
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