Papalagui

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Papalagui is a book that I must have read about 15 years ago but it came to mind while reading the Creating a New World thread (http://www.cassiopaea.org/forum/index.php?topic=13795.0). I haven't managed to read the whole thread yet, but the book has been on my mind ever since. The forum's search function didn't show anything on it, hence the post.
I was initially not sure whether to post this because I haven't found any english translation, my apologies for that. I have read it in portuguese, Amazon sells a french version, and I thought I might just give it a go and post this...you never know, it might be useful for any of the portuguese or french forum members, or someone might even find it in english.

The book is a compilation of discourses by Toiavii the chief of a tribe called Tiavéa. Apparently this tribe had never had any real contact with the "civilized" white man until they were visited by a journalist (if I remember correctly). The cultural exchange leads Tiavéa on a journey to meet this apparently amazing and so full of technologies white man, which he called Papalagui. As an amazon reviewer tells us: "Papalagui means, in Samoan, "Skybreaker" as the first time Samoan people saw us, "white people" their thought were that we make hole in the sky with our white sailing boat. "
I might be off on a few things :-[... my perceptions were different at the time I read it and I no longer have the book. But from what I remember, Tiavé returns with a lot to tell, and his perceptions from the world of the white man (papalagui) are very interesting. His speech denotes a mix of innocence and wisdom.

Seeing our world through is eyes is fascinating. He speaks about the white man's self importance manifested in its arrogance and in its concept of ownership. For example, he found it very odd the fact hat we have words such as mine and yours, which implies a sense of owning and controlling things that for him, belong to the world themselves, and are therefore there to be used and shared when necessary. He found that sharing, a way of living in his tribe, was nonexistent in papalagui's world.
He also has curious remarks about time and how papalagui manages to get himself completely trapped in it, treating his wrist watch as something sacred.
For another example and as an amazon reviewer points out, he sees our education system as brainwashing.
He goes on speaking about the various aspects of papalagui's life, and the disappointment he felt with the race his tribe had been so curious about. He basically sees white man's life as something like a giant self made trap.

I am not sure whether this man really existed or this book is the fruit of the mind of the journalist who supposedly compiled the text. In any case, it is a very intersting read, and it certainly gives food for thought in the context of creating a new world, and conceiving of a different way of living.
 
Well, I'm sorry to tell you that this seems to be a fictitious story by Erich Scheuermann (1878-1957), a german author, painter, puppeteer, and preacher.

In their belief that the savage is a better being and the primitive's world more valuable, the culture cultists fall for every humbug going. Zurich publisher Tanner & Staehelin made the deal of a lifetime when it acquired the world rights to a book that had first appeared in 1920: "The Papalagi, speeches of the South-Sea chief Tuiavii of Tiavea". Having been translated into many languages in the meantime, it has remained a bestseller until today. The author, Erich Scheurmann, had invented a simple man from the island Upolu in the paradisiacal Samoa group whose wisdom springs from his simple innocence &endash; at the request of his publisher Grote who had offered him a thousand Marks for a "nice South Seas story". Naïve readers wishing to get away from the "disease of thinking" eagerly snapped up his message. Scheurman had already fired a generation of nature ramblers during the Weimar Republic and his readers did not care that he later wrote Nazi propaganda pieces. They were not bothered, either, by the absurdities in his story of the simple savage in whose hut shame might be unknown but a copy of the Bible was always within reach.

source: http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/haffner/rep-haffner.htm


Wikipedia entries in this regard unfortunately only in German:

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Papalagi
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Scheurmann

Some english links:

http://www.thelooniverse.com/strips/realfreepress/papalagi.html
http://edoc.mpg.de/240609
http://peace.wikia.com/wiki/The_Papalagi1

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transdimensional said:
Well, I'm sorry to tell you that this seems to be a fictitious story by Erich Scheuermann (1878-1957), a german author, painter, puppeteer, and preacher.

Well, there you go, :P at least now I know for sure!
It also explains why I couldn't find any reference to it on the net, apart from portuguese or french texts. The original version is called Papalagi, not Papalagui
Thinking back it is not surprising. When we, for example, observe what is happening to the aborigines in Australia, the tribes in the amazon and their insertion in "civilization" the pattern is similar, they are immersed in something new, they don't know how to interpret it, and they fall prey, in many cases with drastic consequences such as alcoholism and prostitution.
It made me perceive that in this book, the supposedly chief of a tribe shows a perspective that denotes first hand experience of what he is seeing. There is also a sense of longing for the primitive, something you feel only if you have lost it; as the witter himself might have felt.

In their belief that the savage is a better being and the primitive's world more valuable, the culture cultists fall for every humbug going. Zurich publisher Tanner & Staehelin made the deal of a lifetime when it acquired the world rights to a book that had first appeared in 1920: "The Papalagi, speeches of the South-Sea chief Tuiavii of Tiavea". Having been translated into many languages in the meantime, it has remained a bestseller until today. The author, Erich Scheurmann, had invented a simple man from the island Upolu in the paradisiacal Samoa group whose wisdom springs from his simple innocence &endash; at the request of his publisher Grote who had offered him a thousand Marks for a "nice South Seas story". Naïve readers wishing to get away from the "disease of thinking" eagerly snapped up his message. Scheurman had already fired a generation of nature ramblers during the Weimar Republic and his readers did not care that he later wrote Nazi propaganda pieces. They were not bothered, either, by the absurdities in his story of the simple savage in whose hut shame might be unknown but a copy of the Bible was always within reach.

This excerpt does bring the book under a different light... I am curious how I would see it if reading it today, after so many years. Surely it would be different, just how different that would be I don't know.

When creating the thread, I also found that the book has lately been mandatory reading in some schools in Portugal! I had no idea Papalagi had such an impact, I just happened to stumble upon it when diggin my father's dusty book boxes 15 years ago.

Thanks for the links!
 
oh gripes ... this did sound like a good story. At the same time, now that I know it's fake, it makes sense why I had reservation about the depiction of natives in an "innocence mixed with wisdom" way. It relies on a philosophical concept of "the noble savage", which dates back to the Enlightenment, and has a hint of sensantionalism and condescension when applied to real people. Still, a great lesson -- thank you both for sharing.
 
Hildegarda said:
oh gripes ... this did sound like a good story. At the same time, now that I know it's fake, it makes sense why I had reservation about the depiction of natives in an "innocence mixed with wisdom" way. It relies on a philosophical concept of "the noble savage", which dates back to the Enlightenment, and has a hint of sensantionalism and condescension when applied to real people. Still, a great lesson -- thank you both for sharing.

So true!...I hadn't seen it that way.

On one of the links provided by transdimensional we have this:
said:
Very much anti-technology and back to the simple and oh-so-good natural life; very popular on the hippie scene: The book's ideals just fit too well in there.

I find this sentence to be quite interesting in the light of what you have written. Thank you Hildegarda, your words made a few things clearer.
 
Nevertheless, it sounds like a literary device utilized to make a point and may do so very well.
 
The philosophical concept of the noble sauvage is taken in your comment as something we must debunk, something pejorative.

This is only partly true and so your analyses doesn't take all aspects into account. Furthermore the kind of analyses you make has been used in another wave of colonialisation in most recent times, so it is becoming somehow disturbing not to go further in this analysis.

First, it was the first time that the other, "le Sauvage" was adressed as something else as an animal in the European consciousness. It speaks more about the European philosopher's consciousness than about the "others", but then it means that some thinkers were far to aware of the evil nature of European world conquest. This is interesting, because at some point, westerners need to hear or read about these facts. It is like a kind of self observation even if it takes the other as a mediator (the pillaged, raped, destroyed, slaughtered) to speak about oneself.

Second, I have had direct testimony from a 'non civilised' people about how some 'others' considered the "white" men and women (see madame lokotoro in the documentary: the mad master: http://www.cassiopaea.org/forum/index.php?topic=11592.0).

One of the most interesting comment I have ever hearded was that when the Songhaï met the French, they noticed that they were attracting entities!! weird entities gathered around the French officers and colonialists. This was not said in a aggressive manner or as a revenge, this came out while I was enquiring about "otherworlds" manifestations in tha Gao area (entities and...UFOs).

Appart from the fact that this speaks loud about our blindness (we are westerners) this underligns the fact that the others had a point of view on our being and behaviours and this has barely (the exceptions are often good)been considered in mainstream academic, litterature, movies...

"As to the anti-technology and back to the simple and oh-so-good natural life" comment, it tend to decredibilized those who have noted that the scientic evolution of the judeo-christian eurpean centered civilisation came from evil forces. The train for instance, has been enforced and financed by Rothshield (at least in France) and it has been a time/space colonistation process. Same with heavy industrialisation, an environment and human destroyer. Should I remind you that most of our technologies are around us thanks to the slaughter, exploitation, murder of Africans, native americans??

Can we separate technology from the process that bring them and from the fact that they have been made possible thru the destruction of whole societies and the financial backing of Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, Warburg, Schiff??...

Western science has lead (at least in mainstream) to nowhere else than destruction and those who are concern about the theories witness how vain they are.

Not only so-called Hippy were relunctant to scientific progress :O

Most peasants in Europe, hunter gatherers elsewhere (they can't be called traditionalist since they didn't give a damn about ideology and "ism" considered the technological evolution as a dead end. Have you never heard any COMMON SENSICAL comment from people or read about them.

People were not living in natural life as we mean it nowadays, but in CULTURES (stories, songs, dances, ways to make sex, traditionnal medecin...) these were always dealing with a reality including different stratas of reality.

Respect
 
sankara said:
The philosophical concept of the noble sauvage is taken in your comment as something we must debunk, something pejorative.

Wikipedia said:
The term "noble savage" expresses a concept of the universal essential humanity as unencumbered by civilization; the normal essence of an unfettered human.

This view seems rather simplistic and manicheist to me. Black and white thinking: civilization = evil / nature = good

Wikipedia said:
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, like Shaftesbury, also insisted that man was born good, or rather, with the potential for goodness, and he, too, argued that civilization, with its envy and self-consciousness has made men bad. However Rousseau never used the term "Noble Savage" and was not a Primitivist.
The notion that Rousseau’s Discourse on Inequality was essentially a glorification of the State of Nature, and that its influence tended to wholly or chiefly to promote "Primitivism" is one of the most persistent historical errors. – A. O. Lovejoy, “The Supposed Primitivism of Rousseau’s Discourse on Inequality”, Modern Philology, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Nov., 1923):165-186[7]
Rousseau argued that in a State of Nature men are essentially animals and only by acting together in civil society and binding themselves to its laws, do they become men. For Rousseau only a properly constituted society and reformed system of education could make men good. His fellow philosophe, Voltaire, who did not believe in equality, accused Rousseau of wanting to make people go back and walk on all fours.[8]
Because Jean-Jacques Rousseau was the preferred philosopher of the radical Jacobins of the French Revolution, it was Rousseau above all who became tarred with the accusation of promoting the notion of the "Noble Savage", especially during the polemics about Imperialism and scientific racism in the last half of the nineteenth century.[9]
What most upset traditionalists and defenders of social hierarchy was Rousseau's "romantic" belief in equality. In 1860, shortly after the Sepoy Rebellion in India, two British white supremacists, John Crawfurd and James Hunt mounted a defense of British imperialism based on “scientific racism".[10] Crawfurd, in alliance with Hunt, took over the presidency of the British Anthropological Society, which had been founded with the mission to defend indigenous peoples against slavery and colonial exploitation. Invoking "science" and "realism", the two men derided their "philanthropic" predecessors for believing in human equality and for not recognizing the that mankind was divided into superior and inferior races. Crawfurd, who opposed Darwinian evolution, "denied any unity to mankind, insisting on immutable, hereditary, and timeless differences in racial character, principal amongst which was the 'very great' difference in 'intellectual capacity.'" For Crawfurd, the races had been created separately and were different species. Since Crawfurd was Scots, he thought the Scots "race" superior and all others inferior; whilst Hunt, on the other hand, believed in the supremacy of the Anglo-Saxon "race". Crawfurd and Hunt routinely accused those who disagreed with them of believing in "Rousseau’s Noble Savage". (The pair ultimately quarreled because Hunt believed in slavery and Crawfurd did not). "As Ter Ellinson demonstrates, Crawfurd was responsible for re-introducing the Pre-Rousseauian concept of 'the Noble Savage' to modern anthropology, attributing it wrongly and quite deliberately to Rousseau.”[11]
 
There may be other ways to look at it than just "evil civilisation versus good nature" :). Let's take it in the context before asserting that this 'definition" would be universal.

First, the concerned civilisation refers to a precise civilisation, the judeo-Christian one. It's not civilisation per se (even if later on I will give an exemple of a similar concern in Islamic thaught) that is councerned. The Africans, Native Americans, the Indians, Japonese, Koreans and so on... Haven't met an abstraction called civilisation. They have encountered funest Emissaries of the crown of the Catholic Spain, France, Portugal, Holland, anglican Great Britain. They have been subjected (and for the most still are) to their rule, their religions (Christian and inderectly Jewish), they have been slaughtered, sometimes totally erased...

It is also noticeable that, early during the encounter with Korea, the population was so severely exploited by the feudal system that many locals welcome the invader's compassionate divinity. The part in the Papalagui about Jesus is interesting since the aborigena says that before having heard of this, they had been absurdly fighting.

The plunder has given raw material to keep on colonising. It's own ethnic population has been overexploited, send to wars, traumatized, ponerized, zombified.
A population which had been living with clear earers, Cathars, fairy tales, healers, thaumaturges was to become civilised, democratic, robotized deshumanized, (yet forgeting that democraty started with a slaughter.)and finally the subject of a cult of secret of intelligence.

It's culture has produce much noises, often refered to as 'art', but how many truly universal litterary work? Yesterday night I had a conversation with a Burkinabé comedian playing Shakespear. He told about how the drama could as well have taken place in the Mossi society, how this was indeed universal.

How many Shakespear? Yet libraries are full of slaughtered trees for further alienation.

Being litterate is of no use if we are thus 'fed' with non sense. In this 'civilisation' having good intellectual food is a struggle, eiter to produce it, either to eagerly read it and it has always been. Sott readers know that well. For those who could understand would only denounce the ongoing enclosure, the human misery and it's absolute lack of any morality, it's machivellian, It's destructive nature.

From what have we been alienate? A "Good Nature"? Nope. Some sense of freedom maybe between the hardship of winter or hot seasons to the amazing energy of a spring or a raining season. Some sens of freedom in the middle of wild sometime killing animals, wolfes, Tigers or Lions... of the spirits, Jinns, Holeys, Gods... For the better or for the worse. A different accepted reality.

Mankind could well differentiate between these worlds which place he had in, who he was. Before inclosure, the legal staus of the land in England was granting freedom of use of the environnment, including taking responsability for agriculture. This is what we have lost, this is what we have been alienated from. In France nowadays it is forbiden to drink spring water or rain water...

Isn't the "noble savage" our essential essential human, implying that it makes it easyer to adopt a sharing strategy to survive, live and evolve in opposition to the nighmarish tsunamy of the pathocratic overlords? The San exemplify this.


Were we to treat another civilisation the idea could maybe be found expressed from it's intelectuals, in the case of Islamic civilisation Ibn Khaldun somehow treated it in his academic work Al Maqadimma. I'm sorry I don't have the book with me to quote it but he deals somehow with this 'nature versus civilisation' when he witnesses the fact that more the people were civiled ('Islamically' in the context) the more they were prone to lazyness, degeneration, having health problems...Whereas the nomadic people used to hardship remained strong and healthy.

But it is possible that for some times, because it was necessary for the Whole Scheme of the universe :) that a civilisation, an organised community made it's life secured from some 'unusfull' hardship of earthly nature and was well meant and produced healthy non warrior like beings. They might have had technologies that are unknow from us at that point.

To end up with this post I will include a little text I had written a couple of month ago after a conversation with an hotel night guard in Ouagadougou. The man has came from "the village during" his lifetime and he now survives in that dirty city.


CONVERSATION WITH A NORMAL HUMAN BEING

Yesterday evening, I was having a conversation with the guardian of the hotel I am sejourning in. He spends the night on a chair at the entrance of the decrepit hotel, which gate is destroyed. This evening, the conversation started because I braught him a mango juice (industrial, but at least localy made).

Guardia: Thank you very much for the juice, I will give it tomorrow to my wife, she liked it so much the last time. I will put it close to her bed so that she will discover it and be so glad about that. I will tell her that it is a present from the white man with long hair... I could put it right in my belly tonight but, just as you shared with me, I will share with her. You see, many people just keep things for themselves, yet there belly is already full, yet they still want to more for themselves. My belly is full so I will give it to my wife, she likes it very much.
It's like most of white people here. They say they want to help us, yet when they have money, they hide in big houses, have big 4X4 and don't share what they have with the neighborood, which is how one help the others.

S: This is true my friend.

G: Nowadays people just accumulate and protect themselves behing walls, while the most just have nothing, hoo...times are difficult, times have changed, I don't understand. Why keep for yourself all these good when you'r belly is already full?

S: This is the white man system my friend. This is the white man setting the tone, and some africans buy it easily and they « eat » in that dish. It's not all white people who are responsaible for this and those among us who disagree, they are powerless. You know, white leaders are rich but the people have been led in terrible wars for the riches to have made so much money. Have you heard about that?

G: War? Yes I have heard about...Hoo, they kill women, the people, hoo...I'm scared of it. Why do they kill people?..You see, sometimes you see a man, his head is here, his legs there, his belly is smashed, because of bombs, hoo...what is that? this is terrible.
The americans invented bombs, sometimes, I've heard, it digs a hole in the soil, hoo, one meter deep, I don't know, but it's big, hoo... this is not good, why this? they kill the people, the children.
They invented weapons ok? Not to kill elephants or buffalos or lions, animals in the bush... but to kill humans! what is this? Why kill so many humans...hoo...I'm scared of this. Why do they make weapons with the money? this is what I don't understand...They should help the orphans with it, all those who are in need, help water the field, clean the dirt, it's so dirty. Hooo...this is complicated.
They say the Bible say there will be a end to the world, it's coming, but it's them who make it, and then they say it's God.

S: They have a wrong God...A god of violence, hatred...

G:This is it, but this is not God, no this is not God telling this, it is them.

In the morning, after a warm night I met him again

S: Good morning my friend, how are you doing? How was the night?
G: It was fine, and now I need to water the plants for you to have beauty in your sight... :)
 
sankara said:
The philosophical concept of the noble sauvage is taken in your comment as something we must debunk, something pejorative.

The term "noble savage" expresses a concept of the universal essential humanity as unencumbered by civilization; the normal essence of an unfettered human.




Well, the concept of "the noble savage", in my view, doesn't need to be debunked. What I was saying is that it is a philosophical concept and therefore theoretical, belonging to the stream of thought of the European civilization.

You are right that the concept reflects Europeans' nostalgia for a more natural living. Luthien is also right in pointing out that, taking everything into account, "the noble savage" was not an all-around positive image. Rousseau saw him as a man devoid from civilization-specific sins and somewhat healthier for that, but at the same time, barely individualized and very animal-like, in the absence of civil society. I didn't know though that the influence of white supremacicts also helped to coin the stereotype. Wow.

Anyways, the issue I was commenting on was the fact that the book was fake. I was pointing out that, now that I know it, I can easily see that the story's roots are in a European concept. As a fictional story, or a legend, it still has a lesson, as Laura pointed out.
 
One of the interesting thing in that book is the fact that we can be described by the other, the non-civilised, the individual that is behond the oyster but not to the level of the white Caucasian and closer to the donkey. These description are rare as I said already. It may be interesting to considere this point of view in ourself for a while, and explore what is to be learned from there. This is ampathy isn't it.

We are so happy when a courageous ethical Jew take his stance against the zionist madness, but how many among us did take the same stand during the last decades of pillaging in Africa, Latin or Central America? How many people to realise that behind every conflict in Africa there was a western power (very often France). Not many I tell you, not more than there are Israelis or nationals Jews like Hamira Hass, Shamir, Atzmon, Leibowitz, Shahak, Finkelstein, my 'compatriote' of the UJFP, Surasky and the thousand unknown...

Yes the book still has a lesson... :)
 
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