What exactly IS a Psychopath? Part 1
The term psychopath may be common enough that we all have some idea of its definition. Instantly Hannibal Lector (portrayed by the immortal and supremely excellent Anthony Hopkins) springs to mind. However, while Dr Lector certainly qualifies, fact tends to deviate, if only slightly from fiction, and the term psychopath has a clinical definition which is certainly worthy of study.
Today, a psychopath is someone who is rated on the gold-standard of psychopathy tests, the Psychopathy Check-list, Revised or PCL-R. This was a test conjured by Dr Robert Hare who is the preeminent researcher in the field and author of several books and research papers on the subject. It's a checklist of twenty items, and for each item the subject gets a score of zero, one or two, if the item does not apply, applies somewhat or is heavily descriptive of the subject's behavior. Someone administering the test has to be trained and qualified just to administer it because it's not terribly easy to label someone a psychopath without having the background understanding of each item and what levels of depravity are required to receive a one or two for each item.
The traits are as follows:
Factor 1: Personality "Aggressive narcissism"
Glibness/superficial charm
Grandiose sense of self-worth
Pathological lying
Cunning/manipulative
Lack of remorse or guilt
Shallow affect (genuine emotion is short-lived and egocentric)
Callousness; lack of empathy
Failure to accept responsibility for own actions
Factor 2: Case history "Socially deviant lifestyle".
Need for stimulation/proneness to boredom
Parasitic lifestyle
Poor behavioral control
Lack of realistic long-term goals
Impulsivity
Irresponsibility
Juvenile delinquency
Early behavior problems
Revocation of conditional release
Traits not correlated with either factor
Promiscuous sexual behavior
Many short-term marital relationships
Criminal versatility
I'd like to break each one down to give the reader an idea of what it means, the goal to make this as understandable as possible to the broadest possible audience.
Glib/superficial charm - Basically it means the individual is charming, they're great at conversations, convincing, but their appeal only goes skin deep. Once you understand that they're after something, you can realize that their charm is just a tool they use, one of many.
A grandiose sense of self worth - Here we get an idea that the individual values himself... a lot. They've done this, that and they have plans to do this other thing. If you ask about accomplishments you'll get a list days long. To say they have delusions of grandeur is an understatement.
Pathological Lying is pretty self-explanatory, while they may be charming and have a resume that impresses, none of what they say or claim about them self is true, often times it is just the opposite.
Cunning/manipulative - The individual is really good at getting people to do what he wants. He may have gotten a prison guard to sneak him favors, or convinced some naive kid to kill someone for him. He may have sold a bunch of toxic assets to a hedge fund and convinced them they were gold. This one really varies depending on the milieu the individual finds himself in.
Lack of remorse or guilt - self explanatory, the individual has no capacity for remorse or feelings of guilt (even though they are VERY capable of creating the impression of such if they think it will get them ahead).
Shallow affect - This basically means they have a very narrow range of real emotions, if any. All of their feelings revolve around themselves.
Callousness; lack of empathy - this is the big shocker when people realize the person they're dealing with isn't quite right. They have absolutely no concern for other people, whether its a lover, family or someone they just met. Humans naturally care for those with whom they are close, for psychopaths this is biologically impossible. Again, they are masters at maintaining an illusion of care if the person is able to get them something they desire.
Failure to accept responsibility - self-explanatory, none of their actions are ever their fault. If a psychopath murdered someone it was because the victim was 'asking for it' in their twisted little minds.
The above traits fit together, and the overall impression is that the psychopath is not only without conscience, but without empathy, without responsibility, and without the core pro-social behaviors that make us human. Does this sound like anyone you've known?
Part two will continue to describe the condition in terms of laying out the other factors in as simple terms as possible. Please feel free to post comments with your questions.