Mithras in Tarsus
Posted on
June 16, 2011 by
Roger Pearse
Today I had the chance to look for ten minutes at volume one of Vermaseren’s
Corpus Inscriptionum et Monumentorum Religionis Mithriacae (CIMRM). The second volume was inaccessible, unfortunately. The two volumes apparently parallel the two volumes in Cumont’s
Textes et Monumentes, so I infer that the second volume may contain literary references.
Vermaseren arranged his collection of inscriptions geographically, and started with eastern parts — some coins from Bactria, in fact, although these were clearly of Persian Mitra to my eye.
There was but a single entry for Cilicia, which was a bronze aes of the reign of Gordian III, ca. 240 AD (CIMRM 27).
What struck me, profoundly, was that
the vast majority of the book was devoted to finds from Rome itself. Vermaseren stated that he wanted to begin the book with Asia, as that was where the cult originated (or so he thought). But the impression made, looking at those entries, was of a cult originating elsewhere, and that the material in Asia was distinctly peripheral to it. Just
holding the pages for each area revealed a cult whose archaeology was overwhelmingly western.
All this reminded me of many a confident statement online. E.g.
“It was in Tarsus that the Mysteries of Mithras had originated” — Timothy Freke and Peter Gandy, 1999, from
here.
“Now Tarsus was one of the chief seats of Mithraism” — Roy Wood Sellers, from
here.
“David Ulansey holds (or rather speculates) that, in the late 2nd-century BCE, a group of Stoics in the city of Tarsus originated Mithraism.” — from
here.
The list could be extended.
And yet …
all we have to support such a claim, from the archaeology, is a single coin?