Chapter 2
Dogma #3: "The total amount of matter and energy is always the same …"
Chapter Summary: "In the Big Bang all the matter and energy in the universe suddenly appeared from nowhere. Modern cosmology supposes that dark matter and dark energy no make up 96 percent of reality. No one knows what dark matter or energy are, how they work or how they interact with familiar forms of matter or energy. The amount of dark energy seems to be increasing as the universe expands, and the 'quintessence field' may give rise to new matter and energy, more in some places than others. [AI: I think this is weak evidence, given that Electric Universe theory pretty much debunks both the Big Bang and dark matter/energy…] The evidence for energy conservation in living organisms is weak, and there are several anomalies, like the apparent ability of some people to live without food for long periods, that suggest the existence of new forms of energy. All quantum processes are supposed to be mediated through the quantum-vacuum field, also known as the zero-point field, which is not empty but full of energy and continually gives rise to virtual photons and particles of matter. Could this energy be tapped in new technologies?" (pp. 82-3)
Not much of interest in this chapter, for me at least. There is the interesting observation, however, that the Big Bang theory was essentially "a conspiracy to shore up Christianity" ("The creation of all matter and energy in the Beginning is presupposed by the Big Bang creation story, just as it was by Rene Descartes, Robert Boyle, Isaac Newton and other scientists who wanted to make physics compatible with an initial act of creation by God"). (p. 65)
"In contrast with matter and bodies, forces and energies are not things: they are to do with processes in time." (p. 57) Even atoms are not static things, but "structures of activity … vibratory patterns of activity within fields." (p. 60)
Chapter 3
Dogma #4: "The laws of nature are fixed. …"
Chapter Summary: "The idea that the 'laws of nature' are fixed while the universe evolves is an assumption left over from pre-evolutionary cosmology. The laws may themselves evolve or, rather, be more like habits. Also, the 'fundamental constants' may be variable, and their values may not have been fixed at the instant of the Big Bang. They still seem to be varying today. There may be an inherent memory in nature. All organisms may participate in a collective memory of their kind. Crystals may crystallize the way they do because they formed that way before; the more crystals of a particular chemical arise in one place, the easier should they crystallize everywhere else on earth, and maybe throughout the universe. Evolution may be the result of an interplay between habits and creativity. New forms and patterns of organization appear spontaneously, and are subject to natural selection. Those that survive are more likely to appear again as new habits build up, and through repetition they become increasingly habitual." (p. 108)
If the universe is constantly evolving, why not the physical laws also? Laws were given attributes of God (eternal, universal) because they were seen as made by God. There's evidence that published values of 'universal constants' vary over time (fine structure constant, gravity, speed of light). They depend on laboratory measurements. Perhaps they change, or perhaps they "oscillate within fairly narrow limits, or even vary chaotically." (p. 93) How were laws imprinted at the time of the Big Bang? How are they remembered, how the universe maintained?
Some quotes of interest:
Charles Sanders Peirce: "Matter is merely mind deadened by the development of habit to the point where the breaking up of these habits is very difficult." (p. 98)
Alfred North Whitehead: "There are no natural laws. There are only temporary habits of nature." (p. 99)
"evolutionary cosmology implies the evolution of habits." (p. 99)
Morphic resonance summary:
1. Self-organizing systems including molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, societies and minds are made up of nested hierarchies or holarchies of holons or morphic units. At each level the whole is more than the sum of the parts, and these parts themselves are wholes made up of parts.
2. The wholeness of each level depends on an organizing field, called a morphic field. This field is within and around the system it organizes, and is a vibratory pattern of activity that interacts with electromagnetic and quantum fields of the system. The generic name "morphic field" includes
(a) Morphogenetic fields that shape the development of plants and animals.
(b) Behavioral and perceptual fields that organize the movements, fixed-action patterns and instincts of animals.
(c) Social fields that link together and coordinate the behaviour of social groups.
(d) Mental fields that underlie mental activities and shape the habits of minds.
3. Morhpic fields contain attractors (goals), and chreodes toward its end state, and maintain its integrity, stabilizing it against disruptions.
4. Morphic fields are shaped by morphic resonance from all similar past systems, and thus contain a cumulative collective memory. Morphic resonance depends on similarity, and is not attenuated by distance in space or time. Morhpic fields are local, within and around the systems they organize, but morphic resonance is non-local.
5. Morphic resonance involves a transfer of form or in-form-ation rather than a transfer of energy.
6. Morphic fields are fields of probability, like quantum fields, and they work by imposing patterns on otherwise random events in the systems under their influence.
7. All self-organizing systems are influenced by self-resonance from their own past, which plays an essential role in maintaining a holon's identity and continuity. (pp. 99-100)
"Habits alone cannot explain evolution. They are by their very nature conservative. They account for repetition, but not for creativity. Evolution must involve a combination of these two processes: through creativity, new patterns of organization arise; those that survive and are repeated become increasingly habitual. Some new patterns are favored by natural selection and others are not. … Creativity consists in the manifestation of eternally preexisting possibilities. In other words, the new pattern has not been created at all; it has only been manifested in the physical world, whereas previously it was unmanifest." (p. 105)
"Bergson argued that we need not attribute to these possibilities, which are unknowable until they actually happen, a preexistent reality transcending time and space." (p. 106) In other words, ongoing creativity, not pre-programmed possibilities.