Thoracic Outlet Syndrome-TOS

Aragorn said:
Olesya said:
Glad to hear good news, Aragorn! Thank you for posting pictures of the exercise. :)

I forgot to mention that in the first exercise where you lie on your stomach, and then lift the upper body up, you're supposed to clench your shoulder blades together. Hold it for 4 seconds and then release and lower your upper body back down (it's good to keep a pillow under your forehead). Repeat 10-15 times.

Thanks for the info Aragorn. I've had similar symptoms for a long time as well, i'll definitely be incorporating all of these in to my daily exercises.
 
I discovered this thread one year ago when a thoracic outlet syndrome was found to me on last September.

At the time, the rheumatologist I use to visit for several year was suspecting this outlet syndrome. She then ordered a radiography of the cervical rachis, a dynamic arterial/venous Doppler and an electroneuromyography for my two arms.

Then came the results and they say I have two bilateral supernumerary cervical ribs :shock:, a significant outlet syndrome on both sides, with a more pronounced way on the right arm for arterial flux (which could lead to a thrombosis) and a more pronounced way on the left for nerve flux (which could lead to a paralysis). That could partly explain all the pain I got through for many years in my back and neck.

Since last September, each week (sometimes twice a week) I have a physical therapy, which helps me to relieve the pain and get a bit more cumfortable, but not always. I also must avoid too long period on computer and should not carry things, even a little bag on my shoulder. I must say that this issue is pretty exhausting in many ways especially if I do not take care enough of these recommendations.

So, instead to have 12 pairs of ribs I've got 13 of them. It also is correlated with a pronounced denervation in root C6 and C8 territories and moderate in the C7 territories (from electroneuromyography), with a spondyloarthosis on C5-C6, with a median discal hernia on C6-C7 and a degenerative disc disease on D9-D10 (from MRI scan).

The rheumatologist think that it could be worst than do nothing to go to the hospital and remove them. Plus I do not really want to go for a hospital stay for something which does not seem efficient.

I found that being at sun (when possible), have some rest and be careful with diet helps me to feel less pain and discomfort.

From French Wiki (there is not the same in English, just in Deutsch and Polski) here what they have to say about it (quick Google translation):

The cervical rib syndrome is a set of symptoms caused by a bone relatively rare congenital disease. This syndrome is also called Naffziger syndrome or syndrome of the scalene anterior.

The cervical rib syndrome is characterized by the existence of an extra cervical rib. This supernumerary side was born to the seventh cervical vertebra. It is a congenital abnormality located above the normal first rib. This cervical rib extra is relatively common, discovered at 1.21 to 2% of the general population during medical examinations.

It's the french anatomist, François-Joseph Hunauld, who described the first syndrome, early in the eighteenth century.

In rare cases, a person may have two supernumerary neck sides. These cervical ribs are sometimes known under the name of "sides of the neck".

The presence of an extra cervical rib can cause a form of thoracic parade syndrome due to compression of the lower part of the trunk of the brachial plexus and the subclaviere artery. These structures are trapped between the cervical ribs and the anterior scalene muscle.

The compression of the plexus brachialis can be identified by a weakness of the muscles around in hand, near the base of the thumb. The compression of the subclavian artery is often diagnosed when a clinical testing of the maneuver to Adson for the detection of vascular compression in the syndrome of cervical rib with the syndrome of the thoracic parade.

Hereafter a picture of what is a single supernumerary rib (right side of the picture/left side of the person):

891269Ctesurnumraire.jpg


This issue leads to these symptoms that I more or less have:

- Paleness of the hand (discoloration).
- Cyanosis (blue-gray coloring of the hand) at an advanced stage.
- Presence of Raynaud's phenomenon: the fingers of the hands and feet, like any other part of the body, have small arteries called arterioles. When subjected to cold, they are 'closed', that is to say, their size decreases, resulting in a drop in blood supply at this level. In medical terms, this is called paroxysmal digital ischemia, manifested by the successive appearance of episodes of pallor and cyanosis (coloration bluish-gray and resulting lack of oxygen in the fingers). A bright red coloration associated with pain of the fingers concerned can be caused by too abrupt warming or emotional stress interrupting the blood supply. The location of this phenomenon is sometimes limited to two or three fingers of each hand. It is estimated that Raynaud's phenomenon affects about 10% of the general population.
- Edema of the arm in some cases.
- Fingers deformation as arthrosis that I now have.

I found this which could help others to figure out some explanations of this syndrome/congenital variants:

Cervical Ribs: A Common Variant Overlooked in CT Imaging
Published July 12, 2012 as 10.3174/ajnr.A3143

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cervical ribs are congenital variants that are known to cause TOS or brachial plexopathy in up to 10% of the affected individuals. We investigated how often cervical ribs are present on cervical spine CT scans to determine the incidence in humans and the percentage of reported cervical ribs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cervical spine CT scans and the reports of 3404 consecutive adult patients were retrospectively reviewed to determine the presence of cervical ribs and whether they had been reported.

RESULTS: Cervical ribs were found in 2.0% (67/3404) of the population. Of the 67 patients with cervical ribs, 27 (40.3%) had bilateral ribs. The prevalence of cervical ribs in women was twice that in men, 2.8% (39/1414) versus 1.4% (28/1990). Although African Americans accounted for 50.1% (1706/3404) and whites, 41.2% (1402/3404) of the patient population, African Americans were 70.1% (47/67) of patients with cervical ribs, whereas whites were 26.9% (18/67). Radiologists commented on 25.5% (24/94) of the cervical ribs in 25.4% (27/67) of patients.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cervical ribs in the human population has been a source of uncertainty due to the degree of difficulty that comes in detecting this often subtle congenital variation. In our sample, the prevalence was 2.0% of patients. Our study determined that cervical ribs are underreported in patients undergoing cervical spine CT. Given the potential clinical implications of these anatomic variants, neuroradiologists must be more meticulous in identifying cervical ribs when reviewing cervical spine CT scans.

[...]
Discussion

Previous studies have reported a wide range of values for the prevalence of cervical ribs in various populations, from 0.05% to 3.0%.5,6 Recently, Brewin et al examined 1352 chest radiographs and found a 0.74% rate of prevalence in a mixed sex and ethnicity population in London.

Individuals with a cervical rib are 10 times more likely to develop TOS. Although TOS is a frequently overlooked syndrome due to the difficulties associated with its diagnosis, those affected can experience pain, numbness, and/or tingling as a result of the compression of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery.

The diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome is largely a clinical one. Putting the patients through provocative maneuvers clinically may be of more value that doing so during imaging. However such provocative maneuvers (scanning with the arms up and rotated outward) may lead to the demonstration of temporary occlusion/compression of the subclavian artery and/or compression of the brachial plexus. If the arterial pulses show diminution with such maneuvers, thoracic outlet syndrome is suspected.

Management options for TOS caused by cervical ribs have included rib resections and anterior scalenectomies. Cervical ribs have also been associated with congenital brachial plexus palsy and brachial plexopathy.


More in the full article:
_http://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2012/07/12/ajnr.A3143.full.pdf
 
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