We find, first, that the ratio of rotational frequency to "force" or "potential" is equivalent to the ratio of q to h. So we can assign a potential/force and a frequency to each rotating sphere as follows (with electron (e) or proton (p) in brackets):
f (e) / v (e) = f (p) / v (p) = q / h
In order to find a frequency, and hence a potential/force, we can refer to the known quantities by converting between the Einstein and Planck equations, E = mc^2 = h * f. We find values for the proton and electron as follows:
f (e) = 1.235 589 912 e20 rotations per second
f (p) = 2.268 731 717 e23 rotations per second
v (e) = 510 998.8962 volts
v (p) = 938 271 988.2 volts
These values of v (e) and v (p) are identical to the mass-energy values of the conventional treatment, but here the units are not "electronvolts/c^2" but simply volts. What this property actually is may not be identifiable in terms of volts, but it represents the same phenomenon represented by the Josephson constant K: in other words, a "voltage" of the electron or proton, combined with the elementary charge q, represents the same energy as a "frequency" of each body combined with Planck's constant h. They are two faces of the same phenomenon in the same way that, according to the Josephson constant, voltage produces frequency and vice versa. The significance of this relation of voltage to frequency may appear when we find (using the values above) that:
v (e) * v (p) = 4.794 559 503 e14
K (2 q / h) = 4.835 978 791 e14
There is a "factor" difference here of 1.00863881. As we proceed we will find, if not a complete explanation, a calculation that eliminates this difference. For the time being it must be remembered that the values provided by current information on the mass of the proton and electron are found by measuring free particles, not system particles. But here we are dealing with the bodies in their system state.
