Les œuvres mystérieuses et fantastiques du peintre londonien d'origine suisse Füssli sont exposées jusqu'au 23 janvier au Musée Jacquemart-André.
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Füssli, le maître du cauchemar exposé au musée Jacquemart-André
Füssli, the master of the nightmare exhibited at the Jacquemart-André Museum (France)
It is in a beautiful Parisian mansion, where everything is order and beauty, luxury, calm and pleasure, that the master of the Nightmare is exposed. However, Johann Heinrich Füssli (1741-1825) was not destined to become a painter, but a pastor.
An artistic training between Switzerland and Italy
The son of an art historian and portraitist, he received a sustained artistic education with his four brothers and sisters, marked by neoclassical ideals. As a young man, he copied the German and Dutch masters and studied art history. During his theological studies in Zurich, a historian, Johan Bodmer, made a particular impression on him, as it was through him that he discovered the writings of Homer, Dante and Shakespeare. These great poets were to become major sources of inspiration for Füssli. Ordained as a pastor at the age of twenty, he denounced the corruption of a local notable in a pamphlet. It is a scandal: he has to leave Zurich. After a short stay in Germany, Füssli discovers the theatrical and literary world in London. He tried his hand at writing by publishing in 1767 Remarks on the writings and conduct of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whom he had met a year earlier. At the same time, he made a decisive encounter with the English painter Sir Joshua Reynolds, who encouraged him to train in painting and drawing in Italy. At the turn of the forties, he began to be recognized, and settled permanently in London. He climbed the ladder of respectability by being elected to the Royal Academy before becoming its chief curator.
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Fussli Johann Heinrich (1741-1825). Paris, musÈe du Louvre. RF1970-29.
The art of staging
Füssli's painting is marked by a consummate art of staging, and this from his earliest paintings, such as "The Death of Dido" or "Lady Macbeth Sleepwalking". The latter is particularly striking for its frightening dimension and the mad look of the criminal. The perfectly mastered chiaroscuro, generated by the torch in the night, contributes to make the scene chilling horror.
Johann Heinrich Füssli (1741 – 1825), Les trois sorcières, après 1783,huile sur toile, 75 x 90 cm, The Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratfordupon-Avon, photo: Royal Shakespeare Company Theatre Collection
In the continuation of this painting, we can see that of the "Three Witches", terrifying old women with hanging tongues who predict to Macbeth that he will be king of Scotland. Macbeth was then one of the most performed plays of Shakespeare in England.