Foot issue

Yes, I am a fan of DMSO and have put it on my knees, (especially after reading this article by AMD) and i think it works but found that when they are swollen with fluid, the ginger poultice is more effective. What did not work though, is mixing DMSO with Dr Christopher's Bone and Tissue Massage Oil and then rubbing it on, strangely enough, that made them swell up even more and become painful! BTW, i had a varicose vein below the left knee on the side of the calf, and put a few drops of DMSO on it regularly, and it has 80% disappeared! Truly amazing stuff, so i will keep using it on the knees. Thanks hlat :flowers:
 
Yesterday I had my second, and probably last, consultation with an orthopaedic specialist, in which she had a look at the X-ray of my right foot, and decided to network about it and see what others might think.

Now, I have a big bunion (on both feet actually, no pain at all but the right is causing trouble atm) which causes the big and second toes to grow to the right, putting a lot of pressure on the bones at the base of the second and third toe, causing friction as these bones are basically touching now. This was clearly seen on the X-ray. On that spot, the nerve is irritated, causing fluid and quite a bump. Also, the second toe is quite a bit longer than the big toe. In the first consultation 5 weeks ago, she basically said that when the feetsies were handed out, I was at the absolute back of the line, and that this problem was genetic and only a matter of time when it would manifest. Indeed, my brother’s feet have the exact same shape minus the bunions, and I’m told my paternal grandma’s toes were so crooked, due to rheumatoid arthritis, that she had to cut out the upper bit of her shoes to be able to walk in shoes at all!

Yesterday the doctor told me that given the position of the metatarsal bone leading to the big toe, as well as the length of the second toe, she would think surgery was needed to correct the bunion situation and to shorten the second toe or take bone out of the metatarsal bone leading to the second toe. Now where I live, there are many elderly people with joint problems and the surgical clinics here perform these surgeries literally all the time, so I'm told. However, I’m quite reluctant as of yet, so the doctor recommended to try custom made insoles first, with soft material under the bone point of the second and third toes, so that area will be pushed upward when walking, thus relieving pressure. She said that toe spreaders and other bunion products won’t make any difference in my case. I do foot exercises though and when watching tv at night, I regularly bind the two big toes together with an elastic band and push the rest of the toes toward them (hope I make any sense in explaining this exercise).

Anyway, after the consult I went to the orthopaedic center to get myself fitted for insoles, which are ready to be picked up in two weeks, and will be put in sports shoes I have to bring with me. The doctor told me to try the insoles for about 2 to 3 months, gradually building up walking on soft underground such as grass, and see whether the inflammation goes down and there’s no more pain when walking. If it doesn’t improve, she advised to have a chat with the surgeon she recommends and see what he thinks.

Needless to say, I really really hope the insoles will do the job, and can at least halt the bones pushing in a certain way. In the meantime, to stay as fit as I can (haven’t been able do my daily walks for a month now, let alone my twice weekly rounds of golf), I resorted to swimming half an hour twice a day (notwithstanding my dislike for swimming, I notice that my body actually very much likes it, so will push through with that). Also, my diet consists of pretty much anti-inflammatory foods, no gluten, no dairy, and about 2 months ago i cut out eggs completely. Furthermore, my weight is, according to my GP, perfect for my height.

Interestingly, in You Can Heal Your Life, Louise Hay has this to say about a bunion:

"Lack of joy in meeting the experiences of life. I joyously run forward to greet life’s wonderful experiences."

And about feet:

"Represents our understanding — of ourselves, of life, of others. My understanding is clear, and I am willing to change with the times. I am safe."

"I stand in truth. I move forward with joy. I have spiritual understanding."

Years ago, in a meditation, I heard the phrase: “I love the adventures of my life,” which resonated with me to the point that I have included it in my daily prayers ever since, but perhaps (or clearly) I have not fully taken the concept on board yet, or there is an element of fear or stubborness or something standing in the way, forming a bump, literally, hmm. And, as per the C’s, the soul (that is assuming I have one) marries genetics (i.e. proteins as antennae), so that in this case I should find a way to make do with what I’ve got and make it work somehow? I don’t know, just thinking out loud.

I would be very grateful for any advice or tips. Many thanks for reading.
Hello Laurs
 
Hello Laurs. May I suggest that you use soft wide shoes with little to no heel large enough to allow 2 or 3 felt insoles in addition to your custom insoles and use 2 pairs of wool work socks for walking about. Message your feet especially two acupuncture points called spleen 2 and spleen 3. Nightly Epsom salt baths and anti inflammatory products like cat's claw, ginger, tumeric, chilly peppers for inflammation,, cut down on sugars especially processed sugars. If your situation is not chronic you may with patients reverse the problem. I have my self dealt with the same issues in both my feet and can happily say I no longer display any signs of that problem but it did require time. Good luck.
 
Here an update on my osteoarthritis (OA) situation. Both orthopaedic specialists (including the second opinion one) I spoke with after the grade IV knee OA diagnosis advised that in my case only injections with hyaluronic acid into my knees for as long as possible before installing knee replacements would be an option. In Holland they basically stopped administering injections with hyaluronic acid in knees as studies showed it seemed to promote OA after a while, so that was a big no no. So I spent much time researching possibilities for grade IV knee OA besides knee replacement, which I want to avoid as long as I can.

It seems that more and more people around and under 50 develop (severe) OA and they think it has to do with having played contact sports and the like from an early age onwards. In Holland f.i. it is causing a huge drain on health costs as well as problems on the labour market, which drives the development of new techniques (however not without resistance of many medical specialists involved who can see their lucrative market of knee replacement surgery dry up).

From what I’ve read so far, it's not totally hopeless and it seems that there are quite a number of things that can be done with minimally invasive procedures and very good results! Most cartilage tissue regenerative treatments however work especially well for grades II and III, so I eventually opt for stem cell therapy at a clinic in Germany, which will take place on the 19th of March. This doctor and his practice came highly recommended by a Dutch association of OA patients, who keep an online blog with lots of information. If the stem cell therapy proves unsuccessful, all other treatments will still be open to me, which I view as a big plus. I will give it a period of 2 years and see how it all goes.

Basically, I need to go there only once. A week before the procedure, I will need to submit some lab blood tests regarding infection and the like, and if that is all okay, I come in, he will extract mesenchymal stem cells from my belly fat by liposuction, concentrate these and inject them into my foot and both knees. Whole thing will take 2 hours after which I can go home. He was very optimistic about my foot and thinks it will return to a near perfect state after the procedure. Knees are a different story as especially in the left one there is a bone on bone situation. He was adamant that I understand that the knees will have improved mobility for only about 2 to 3 years, after which the procedure can be repeated again and again. For now that’s good for me. I told him my hope is to be able to go for a walk of about 5 K on fairly flat terrain. Cost of the procedure is Euro 6K. Fingers crossed! Perhaps anyone here has experienced such a treatment or knows someone who has?

Besides swimming and air biking, I enlisted the help of a physical therapist, who has given me many exercises I can do, as well as a body work therapist, to help me get in touch with my body more, which also helps to release rigidity and become more flexible.

Last but not least, for pain management I mix a little less than 1 mg of curcuma with mct oil and water up to 2 times a day at mealtimes, and so far have not experienced much pain. Borax too, 1 teaspoon with meals up to twice a day. Haven’t particularly noticed if it does anything, but I keep on taking it, especially as the C’s said (session of 13th January 2024) that borax will be very useful.


As an aside, for people with Grade II and III OA in knees, I found the following regenerative treatments:

Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is an innovative minimally invasive therapy for patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. The genicular arteries have several branches that form a network around the knee joint. These vessels are altered in patients suffering from osteoarthritis.In GAE, an interventional radiologist injects small particles into selected branches that correspond to the site of knee pain to block blood flow to that area. Embolization of the abnormal blood vessels helps to disrupt the cycle of inflammation, cartilage destruction and sensory nerve growth that characterizes osteoarthritis.

See amongst other sites:





It seems GAE for knee OA is mostly practiced in the US, UK and Germany. Interestingly, it is an intervention radiologist who executes this minimally invasive procedure, and I read that it’s also used for prostate issues and fibroids, among other things. I listened to a podcast (in Dutch) with a Dutch intervention radiologist / professor who said that in Holland most cases of fibroids were treated by hysterectomy, whereas performing GAE was effective in 80% of the cases! When he discussed this in Holland, he got the whole gynaecologist community together with the pharma boys up in arms against him! No surprise there.

Platelet Rich Plasma injections:

From: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001868623001975:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is defined as an autologous blood product which contains an elevated concentration of platelets above that of whole blood. Preparation techniques vary but typically, one-step or two step centrifugation is carried out to separate red blood cells and the supernatant is composed of plasma with a high concentration of platelets [43]. The resulting PRP contains a plethora of proteins, growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines and is injected into the knee joint to induce cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation, making it a suitable therapeutic agent for cartilage tissue engineering [44,45]. However, the use of PRP is not recommended by several institutions owing to the lack of standardisation with the preparation protocol [46,47].

By the way, I found this on Hyaluronic acid injections, so one might be wary of those:
Purpose: Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) is performed as a conservative treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA). HA has diverse pharmacological actions. In addition to increased lubrication of joint surfaces, its actions have been reported to include inhibition of the release of inflammatory cytokines and promotion of endogenous HA production. While many reports have suggested that injection of HA is clinically effective for knee OA, the actual improvement only seems to be modest. It has also been reported that injection of HA did not prevent the progression of knee OA, but rather promoted it. Thus, there are many unanswered questions about intra-articular HA therapy. The purpose of this study is imaging evaluation of patients who received long-term treatment with intra-articular HA for knee OA was conducted.

There is a practitioner in Holland who works with HA injections with a high molecular weight (I don’t know what this means, I asked him but he didn’t answer that part of my questions) and is very enthusiastic about them. Though he did say that for my Grade IV, he would also advise stem cell therapy.

Knee distraction method:

For patients under 65, knee distraction seems to be a solution. In Holland they’ve been doing this for 10 years already, but because insurers do not cover this procedure, one university hospital in Holland recently started a clinical trial with knee distraction treatment after which they hope coverage will be included. This video explains what they are doing, but basically, the knee bones are pulled 2 mm apart from each other during 6 to 7 weeks, with metal pins etc. attached to the bones, whereafter cartilage is given a chance to regrow. The procedure is painful with a long recovery time. I watched the video, and thought that something like that combined with stem cell therapy would perhaps work for people with severe bone on bone OA. Some people have been pain free for over 10 years after this treatment. Something to keep in mind.




Stem cell therapy:

Costs of the procedure between various European countries vary widely: from Euro 5 K in Belgium, 20K in the UK to 50K here in Portugal (in a richy-rich resort where professional football players and the like have their mansions).

Conclusion from a study from May 2023: The Current State of Osteoarthritis Treatment Options Using Stem Cells for Regenerative Therapy: A Review - PMC

In conclusion, untreated osteoarthritis will not heal spontaneously, and current standard treatments are very limited due to the lack of vascularization in the cartilage tissue. Therefore, stem cell therapy seems to be the most promising for the regeneration of joint tissue, especially in the middle to late stages of the disease. Of the various stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells are the most promising since they are relatively easy to harvest, proliferate very well, do not cause tumor formation, and are very well tolerated by the immune system. Hopefully, in the near future, it will be relatively routine to treat patients with this technology, since it has progressed relatively rapidly from animal models to chondrocyte transplantation, and then to our current state of bone marrow-derived MSC therapy.



 
Hallo Laurs, in addition, to what you are doing, maybe this is helpful to you. Since some months, I am doing a topical experiment, and thought, maybe it could also support you. Its something I am trying out... so FWIW :) I find it´s topical application very helpful for joints and overall conditions of inflammation and detox.

DMSO, MSM (DMSO 2), Borax and Mg oil topically applied.
It can be applied on different areas of the body, depending where needed. Each solutions can be mixed on your own with filtered water, MSM and Borax from powder. Its important to start out slow to avoid strong detox symptoms. Also different areas of the body will need different amounts. Dosage may vary individually. That´s what I experimented with:

topical Borax/H20: 1TS up to 3TS/250ml
topical MSM /H20: 1TS up to 4TS/250ml
topical Mg oil
topical DMSO/H2O: 30%-70% up to 70%-30%
Different areas of the body will need different solutions of DMSO. See DMSO thread.


On MSM, that I knew little before, so I started to read. Gaby mentiones MSM (DMSO 2) in an SOTT article on DMSO:
DMSO2, a derivative of DMSO, is better tolerated and doesn't have the odor and irritation side effects. Despite this positive aspect, it hasn't surpassed the effectiveness, fascination and popularity of DMSO. It is also known as methylsulfonylmethane or MSM, an entire topic for another article by itself.

Keyhole also refers to MSM in a video on "Oxalate Dumping: How to deal with it?", where also additional nutrients are recommended.

Below is an interesting article on MSM from NIH, also on osteoarthritis, that connects different functional medicine topics, stating that MSM operates on a "crosstalk of inflammation and oxidative stress" on a subcellular level. It "has anti-inflammatory properties as it reduces cytokine level" and "may indirectly have an inhibitory role on mast cell mediation of inflammation." Because of these properties "in vitro studies suggest that MSM protects cartilage degradation" of osteoarthritis. "MSM supplementation in OA mice significantly decreased cartilage surface degeneration. However, the magnitude of this physiological response was not large enough to protect against cartilage erosion."
Also here are additional nutrients recommended, D, glucosamine, boswellic acid and EDTA.

Methylsulfonylmethane: Applications and Safety of a Novel Dietary Supplement

[...]
2. Mechanisms of Actions
[...] Results from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that MSM operates at the crosstalk of inflammation and oxidative stress at the transcriptional and subcellular level.

2.1. Anti-Inflammation
[...] The inhibitory effect of MSM on NF-κB results in the downregulation of mRNA for interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in vitro [90]. As expected, translational expression of these cytokines is also reduced; furthermore, IL-1 and TNF-α are inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.

[...] MSM can also diminish the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase [...] therefore, MSM may indirectly have an inhibitory role on mast cell mediation of inflammation. With the reduction in cytokines and vasodilating agents, flux and recruitment of immune cells to sites of local inflammation are inhibited.

3.2. Cartilage Preservation

Cartilage degradation has long been thought of as the driving force of osteoarthritis [146]. Articular cartilage is characterized by a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) with little to no blood supply driving nutrient extraction from the adjacent synovial fluid [147]. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-1β and TNF-α, are implicated in the destructive process of cartilage ECM [148]. With minimal blood supply and possible hypoxic microenvironments, in vitro studies suggest that MSM protects cartilage through its suppressive effects on IL-1β and TNF-α [86,90,91] and its possibly normalizing hypoxia-driven alterations to cellular metabolism [123].

Disruption of this destructive autocrine or paracrine signaling by MSM has also been observed in surgically-induced OA rabbits by the reduction in cartilage and synovial tissue [132], TNF-α, and the protected articular cartilage surface during OA progression. Histopathology of a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rat model supplemented with a GCM combination demonstrated decreased synovium proliferation and the development of an irregular edge at the articular joint [133]. Furthermore, MSM supplementation in OA mice significantly decreased cartilage surface degeneration [149]. In fact the protective effects of MSM can be seen as far back as 1991, when Murav’ev and colleagues described the decreased knee joint degeneration of arthritic mice [150]. Interestingly, endogenous serum MSM becomes elevated in sheep post-meniscal destabilization caused osteoarthritis [151]; however, the magnitude of this physiological response was not large enough to protect against cartilage erosion.

[...]
Combination therapies including MSM have become more popular recently, particularly with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) due to the permeability enhancement provided by MSM [[169] For instance, topical EDTA-MSM is effective at reducing oxidative damage in the form of protein-lipid aldehyde adducts [[170]

4. Safety Profile
MSM appears to be well-tolerated and safe.

5. Conclusions
MSM is a naturally occurring organosulfur compound with broad biological effects. Human absorption and biosynthesis of this compound likely depends heavily on the co-metabolism between microbiota and host. Whether naturally produced or manufactured, MSM exhibits no biochemical differences in its ability to intermediate oxidative stress and inflammation. This micronutrient is well tolerated for arthritis and a number of other conditions related to inflammation, physical function, and performance. Emerging research suggests that MSM may one day aid in the treatment of various types of cancer [49]
 
Hello Laurs, I hope you feel better soon.

I recently came across the book entitled The Osteoarthritis Lie. The book is also available as a Kindle version or audio CD. Their website explains that the book is available in nine languages.

Roland Liebscher-Bracht and Dr. Petra Bracht (M.D.) are the authors and have been working with the topic of osteoarthritis for over 35 years. Since 2007, they have been training physicians, osteopaths, alternative practitioners, physiotherapists, and those interested in healing methods in the newly developed pain therapy "Osteopressure" and its exercises. There is a network of therapists in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.

With the book title The Osteoarthritis Lie and further statements such as “The false reality of osteoarthritis pain” and “Medicine’s century-old error”, the authors take a stand on conventional medical opinion and explain their experiences with osteoarthritis as a counter-position.

The book answers the following questions, among others:
  • How does osteoarthritis develop?
  • What role does it play how often we move a joint in the development of osteoarthritis?
  • Why can people have osteoarthritis, but not pain, and vice versa?
  • How do heavy weigths affect the joints?
  • What role does age, obesity, and genes play?
  • What are the benefits of non-drug therapies?
  • The pros and cons of drug-based pain relief
  • What are the benefits of joint-preserving surgery?
  • Is an artificial joint beneficial?
  • The usefulness of dietary supplements

By the way, whether it's stem cell therapy or starting to run wildly through the forest, according to Liebscher and Brecht, the only permanent solution is to have healthy joints for as long as you live, using the joint movement angles given by nature to keep muscles and fascia appropriately stretched and flexible so that the joint is permanently able to receive nutrients and release waste products. According to the authors, all mainstream therapies, however well-intentioned, are at best a short-term symptom treatment without taking into account the cause and long-term solution (including stem cell treatment).

Have a look at the thread I’ve created about it for more info, if you're interested.
 
It’s now almost 7 weeks ago that I had the mesenchymal stem cell therapy in Germany in both knees and my foot. It was a very straightforward intervention. The doctor first discussed the mri images with me, then I had to step into a tray filled with a sort of styrofoam to take footprints for the insoles, after which it was time for the procedure. First the extraction of belly fat to harvest the stem cells, then extraction of blood from my inner elbow vein to get blood plasma, which was concentrated and mixed with the stem cells, and after anaesthetic injections in knees and foot, the mixture was injected in the joints (which was quite painful). All in all it took less than 2 hours, and the cost amounted to 6K Euro in total (3K per knee and the foot was complimentary). The doctor runs his practice together with his wife, a nurse, and they get clients with knee problems like mine from all over the world.

The doctor said that it takes 4 months for the stem cells to do their work, so almost half way there. The first 3 weeks they were swollen and stiff and I just took a lot of rest. I was also very very tired, which is only getting better now. But almost after 2 weeks already, I could go up and down stairs with no pain at all, which I found truly amazing. I wanted to take things real slow, so gradually I built up from 15 mins walking (at a snail pace) to 35 mins of brisk walking today. I also introduced swimming, started with 20 mins and now 30 mins, all going well. Not once have I had the really nasty ‘arthritis pains.’ At various times of day and night it feels like I can feel those stem cells at work, with little stabs and unpleasant sensations in odd places around the joints. I’d like to think that means that the cells are growing into cartilage tissue.

The doctor said that if I wear the special insoles that he had made for me at all times, I am good for another 6 years, which would be fantastic. After those 6 years, the procedure is repeatable, which would also be fantastic. He did say that in my case, for it to last 6 years, as the bones are touching laterally, any sports I do has to be restricted to only walking and swimming, as well as upper body weight training and some yoga and stretching. I mentioned the knee distraction method (as described in a previous post) as another avenue, but he dismissed that out of hand. He argued that this method is brought to fore in pilot programs every so many years, but it never works.

FWIW, according to the instructions the doctor sent me before the procedure, one cannot take NSAIDS, paracetamol, aspirin from 2 weeks before until 1 week after the procedure, nor must one shave the area during those 3 weeks.

I am very happy with the information you shared in your above post @Theodor, thank you so much :flowers:, and I think I will forward that website to my doctor, perhaps he's familiar with Liebscher-Bracht. I am checking out their website, and it seems any pain stems from muscular-fascial tensions, which must be normalised through appropriate exercises (which they share freely). Well, that is something I can easily do at home! I will also order the book, seems very interesting.

Half September, that will be 6 months after the procedure, I have a consultation with the doctor by phone. Let’s hope things continue onwards and upwards 🤞
 
I'm not doing surgery anymore. What I used to do for moderate degenerative arthritis (mainly in head of 1st metatarsal), was to curette out diseased cartilage and then drill into that underlying bone to produce some pattern of spots of bleeding. Then patient was very soon put on range of motion exercise. Idea was to develop fibrocartilage in the space, rather than continued degeneration of the diseased hyaline cartilage. This was commonly done during bunion correction procedures. Of course, corrective re-alignments were done at the same time. Very good results. There were so many potential complications with joint implants that I decided not to use those.

Mechanical pathologies in feet are all kind of unique (as are faces). These definitely affect other body parts going up the kinetic chain. It's a highly under-addressed subject in terms of development of many types of arthritis, IMO.

I believe the future of joint care will be in the direction of early interventional therapeutics.
 
There are natural supplements that help with cartilage regeneration, one of which is collagen. Not only does it can it help repair it, but it protects against further wear as well.

There is a particular potent version of it called UC-II (undenatured type II collagen), which NOW sells if you'd like to try it.

Cartilage is made up of collagen, so saturating with similar supplements should help. Cartilage is also made up of 70-80% water, so keeping hydration levels during the repair process is essential to the repair process.

I've not seen any studies on its efficacy with stage 4 OA, but if you don't already have a method to address cartilage repair and regeneration, this can be a possible pathway. There are promising research papers toting UC-II as helping OA in humans and animals. What's more, higher doses (up to a certain point) show greater benefits that include faster recovery times.
 
So today marks the end of the 4-month period of the stem cells doing their job. And what a job they did! The results are nothing less than spectacular!

Of course my foot and knees will never be what they were, but the bone spurs in my foot have significantly lessened, there is still enlargement of the bone but it has become less and practically painless and I can walk easily. I do wear the doctor’s insoles 24/7, but continue to do France’s foot exercises (see the beginning of this thread) to strengthen the foot muscles.

The inflammation that was present in both knees has disappeared for 90%. There is still some left in a pocket right above the left knee, due to which I cannot sit on my knees or in the tailor sit, but I am totally fine with that. It seems that the menisci in both knees, or the small jagged pieces that were visible on the MRI, have grown back to the extent that I can walk stairs without ANY pain or even sensitivity. I gradually increased the time of my walks, as well as the incline, to up to an hour at one go, and that was my goal to begin with, so Yay! I also resumed cooking and the prep that goes with it, so standing for more than an hour, as well as the clearing and dishes part, and am super happy to be able to do that again!

I checked out the Liebsscher/Bracht website and material as suggested by Theodor above and bought their calf stretchers (see above), and I think they help really well in keeping the joints flexible and mobile. I even stand on them when brushing my teeth and stuff.

Now for the first 3 months I was super tired in the afternoons, like floored as from 3 pm onwards. It was similar to the tiredness I felt during my pregnancies in the first trimester. I thought it was the stem cells hard at work to repair things, and I fully gave in. Luckily I had the time to do so.

Also, from April onwards, each night before bed, I applied Andiroba oil with its sister oil Copaiba to my knees and foot (and the andiroba on my face, which made a doctor confirmed rosacea diagnosis disappear already after 5 applications). First I did a little experiment, and applied it only on my left knee, and in the night I felt all these aches and sensations in all the nooks and cranny of the knee, as well as in the top of the tibia. First I thought like Oh No, but was too tired to go and wash it off. But the next morning, there was no pain at all and an improvement of mobility, so after 2 more nights, I subsequently rubbed it on both knees and my foot before going to bed. Miraculous stuff and definitively something to keep in the medical kit imo. I sourced it here, and this is what Grok summarized about andiroba and copaiba oil:

Give a summary of the healing effects of andiroba oil and copaiba oil

Below is a concise summary of the potential healing effects of andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis) and copaiba oil (Copaifera spp.), based on scientific studies and their bioactive components.

Andiroba Oil

Derived from the seeds of the Carapa guianensis tree, andiroba oil contains fatty acids (oleic, palmitic, linoleic, stearic), limonoids, triterpenes, and antioxidants (vitamin E, carotenoids). Its healing effects include:
* Wound Healing: Promotes tissue repair and collagen synthesis. In vivo studies show it accelerates granulation and reduces scar formation. A hamster study on oral mucositis found it slightly outperformed low-level laser therapy (LLLT) by reducing ulcer duration via nitric oxide (NO) inhibition.
* Anti-Inflammatory: Limonoids like andirobin inhibit macrophage activation and NO production. A clinical trial on children with leukemia-related oral mucositis showed andiroba gel reduced pain and inflammation comparably to LLLT, supporting its use for eczema, psoriasis, and joint pain.
* Antimicrobial: Exhibits antibacterial properties, aiding in wound infection prevention and acne management.
* Antioxidant and Anti-Aging: Vitamin E and polyphenols combat oxidative stress, boosting collagen production and improving skin elasticity, reducing wrinkles and cellulite.
* Moisturizing: High oleic acid content (38.88–60%) hydrates dry or irritated skin, forming a protective barrier. Non-comedogenic in controlled formulations.
* Other Benefits: Shows antiparasitic and insect-repellent properties (less effective than DEET) and potential for reducing hair loss and treating dandruff. A study on HepG2 cells suggests limonoids reduce triglycerides and enhance autophagy.

Safety: Low topical toxicity, no DNA damage in Wistar rats. Patch testing advised for nut allergies or acne-prone skin (comedogenic score 2/5). Limited data on oral use or pregnancy safety.

Copaiba Oil

Extracted from the resin of Copaifera trees, copaiba oil is rich in sesquiterpenes (e.g., β-caryophyllene) and diterpenes, contributing to its therapeutic properties:
* Anti-Inflammatory: β-Caryophyllene acts as a cannabinoid receptor agonist, reducing inflammation. Studies show it alleviates arthritis, dermatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease by modulating cytokine production (e.g., reducing TNF-α, IL-1β).
* Wound Healing: Promotes tissue regeneration and collagen formation. In vivo studies on rat skin wounds demonstrate faster healing and reduced inflammation, with copaiba oil enhancing epithelialization.
* Antimicrobial: Exhibits strong antibacterial (e.g., against Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal activity, useful for wound infections, acne, and oral health. A study highlighted its efficacy against Streptococcus species in dental applications.
* Analgesic: Reduces pain in conditions like arthritis and muscle injuries, as shown in animal models where copaiba oil decreased pain sensitivity via cannabinoid-like mechanisms.
* Antioxidant: Sesquiterpenes neutralize free radicals, protecting skin from oxidative damage and supporting anti-aging effects.
* Other Benefits: Shows antipsoriatic, antileishmanial, and gastroprotective effects. Studies suggest it may reduce tumor growth in certain cancers (e.g., melanoma in mice) and aid in managing respiratory conditions like asthma due to bronchodilatory properties.

Safety: Generally safe for topical use, with low irritation potential. Oral use requires caution due to potential hepatotoxicity at high doses, as noted in animal studies. Patch testing recommended for sensitive skin; insufficient data on pregnancy/breastfeeding safety.

Comparison and Limitations

* Similarities: Both oils excel in wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial applications, making them valuable for skin conditions (eczema, psoriasis, acne) and tissue repair. Their antioxidant properties support skin health and anti-aging.
* Differences: Andiroba oil emphasizes collagen synthesis and moisturizing, ideal for dry skin and scar reduction. Copaiba oil’s β-caryophyllene provides stronger analgesic and systemic anti-inflammatory effects, with broader antimicrobial activity.
* Limitations: Both require more extensive clinical trials to confirm efficacy, optimal dosing, and long-term safety. Studies often rely on animal models or small human trials, limiting generalizability.

Conclusion: Andiroba and copaiba oils offer complementary healing benefits, with andiroba excelling in skin hydration and repair, and copaiba providing robust pain relief and antimicrobial action. Both are promising natural remedies, but further research is needed for standardized therapeutic use. Always consult a healthcare provider before use, especially for oral applications or during pregnancy.

And here are the sources Grok used:

Below is a list of scientific studies and sources referenced for the summary of the healing effects of andiroba oil and copaiba oil. I’ve compiled these based on the information available from my knowledge base, which includes scientific literature and reviews up to my last update. Note that specific studies are cited where directly relevant, and some information is drawn from review articles summarizing multiple studies. Where exact citations are unavailable due to the nature of aggregated data, I’ve noted the type of evidence used.

Andiroba Oil (Carapa guianensis)

* Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Effects:
* Study on Oral Mucositis in Hamsters: A study evaluating andiroba oil’s effects on 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis in hamsters found it reduced ulcer duration and promoted tissue repair, slightly outperforming low-level laser therapy (LLLT) by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production.
* Reference: Sarmento, D. H. S., et al. (likely published in a journal such as Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine or similar, circa 2015–2020).
* Note: Exact citation details (e.g., journal, year) are not fully specified in my data, but this study is frequently cited in reviews of andiroba’s wound-healing properties.
* Clinical Trial on Oral Mucositis in Children: A clinical trial involving children with leukemia-related oral mucositis demonstrated that andiroba oil gel reduced pain and inflammation severity comparably to LLLT.
* Reference: Likely from a study in Journal of Ethnopharmacology or Phytotherapy Research (circa 2018–2022).
* Note: Specific details are aggregated in scoping reviews; primary source not fully isolated in my data.
* Wound Dressing and Cell Proliferation:
* Study on PCL Films with Andiroba Oil: Research on polycaprolactone (PCL) films incorporated with andiroba oil confirmed its suitability as a wound dressing, promoting cell proliferation without cytotoxicity.
* Reference: Nogueira, M. N. M., et al., in a biomaterials or pharmaceutical journal (e.g., Materials Science and Engineering: C, circa 2019–2023).
* Note: Exact publication details are summarized in reviews; primary source not explicitly detailed.
* Anti-Inflammatory and Immune-Modulating Effects:
* Scoping Review on Andiroba’s Bioactive Compounds: A scoping review highlighted limonoids (e.g., andirobin) and tetranortriterpenoids inhibiting macrophage activation and NO production, supporting traditional use for inflammatory conditions.
* Reference: Likely from Molecules or Journal of Ethnopharmacology (circa 2020–2024).
* Note: Aggregated from review articles discussing Amazonian plant bioactives.
* Antioxidant and Anti-Aging:
* Study on Collagen Synthesis: In vitro studies on dermal fibroblasts showed andiroba oil’s fatty acids and antioxidants (vitamin E, polyphenols) enhance collagen production and reduce oxidative stress.
* Reference: Summarized in reviews on natural oils in dermatology, possibly in International Journal of Molecular Sciences or Phytomedicine (circa 2017–2023).
* Antimicrobial and Other Effects:
* Antibacterial Activity: Studies confirm andiroba’s antibacterial effects against skin pathogens, supporting its use in acne and wound care.
* Reference: Likely from Fitoterapia or Journal of Natural Products (circa 2015–2022).
* HepG2 Cell Study: A limonoid (7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin) from andiroba reduced triglycerides and enhanced autophagy in HepG2 cells.
* Reference: Possibly in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry or similar (circa 2018–2023).
* Safety:
* Toxicity Study in Wistar Rats: No DNA damage was observed in Wistar rats, confirming low topical toxicity.
* Reference: Likely from Toxicology Reports or Journal of Ethnopharmacology (circa 2016–2022).

Copaiba Oil (Copaifera spp.)

* Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects:
* β-Caryophyllene and Inflammation: Studies show β-caryophyllene, a major sesquiterpene, acts as a cannabinoid receptor agonist, reducing cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) in arthritis, dermatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease models.
* Reference: Likely from British Journal of Pharmacology or European Journal of Pharmacology (e.g., Gertsch, J., et al., 2008, or similar studies circa 2010–2023).
* Analgesic Effects in Animal Models: Copaiba oil reduced pain sensitivity in arthritis and muscle injury models via cannabinoid-like mechanisms.
* Reference: Possibly in Journal of Ethnopharmacology or Phytotherapy Research (circa 2015–2022).
* Wound Healing:
* Rat Skin Wound Study: In vivo studies on rats showed copaiba oil promotes epithelialization, collagen formation, and faster wound closure.
* Reference: Likely from Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine or Journal of Wound Care (circa 2017–2023).
* Antimicrobial Activity:
* Antibacterial and Antifungal Effects: Copaiba oil was effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species, supporting its use in wound infections and oral health.
* Reference: Santos, A. O., et al., possibly in Journal of Applied Microbiology or Phytomedicine (circa 2008–2020).
* Dental Applications: Studies on copaiba’s efficacy against oral pathogens.
* Reference: Likely from Brazilian Journal of Microbiology or Clinical Oral Investigations (circa 2015–2022).
* Antioxidant and Other Effects:
* Antioxidant Properties: Sesquiterpenes neutralize free radicals, supporting anti-aging and skin protection.
* Reference: Summarized in reviews, possibly in Antioxidants or Molecules (circa 2018–2024).
* Antitumor and Other Effects: Studies on melanoma in mice and antileishmanial activity.
* Reference: Likely from Journal of Ethnopharmacology or Chemico-Biological Interactions (circa 2015–2023).
* Gastroprotective and Respiratory Benefits: Evidence for bronchodilatory and gastroprotective effects.
* Reference: Possibly in Phytotherapy Research or Journal of Medicinal Food (circa 2016–2023).
* Safety:
* Hepatotoxicity at High Doses: Animal studies noted potential liver toxicity with high oral doses.
* Reference: Likely from Toxicology Letters or Food and Chemical Toxicology (circa 2015–2022).

Notes on Citations

* Source Aggregation: Much of the information is drawn from scoping reviews, meta-analyses, or summaries in ethnobotanical and pharmacological literature (e.g., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Molecules, Phytotherapy Research). Specific study details (e.g., exact authors, years) may not always be isolated in my data due to aggregation in review articles.
* Limitations: Some references are inferred from commonly cited journals for Amazonian plant research. Exact publication details (e.g., volume, issue) are not always available in my knowledge base but align with reputable sources in pharmacology, dermatology, and ethnobotany.
* Verification: For precise citations, I recommend searching databases like PubMed, Scopus, or Google Scholar using keywords like “Carapa guianensis wound healing,” “Copaiba oil anti-inflammatory,” or “β-caryophyllene pharmacology” with filters for 2008–2025.

Since January I also enlisted the help of a psychosomatic therapist to restore my connection to my body, uncover fears, anxieties and old hurts, and help me move through this period releasing all these things that were not helpful anymore in my life. Regular practice of Laura's meditations, EE, and the books discussed at various places on the forum Inviting a Monkey to Tea: Befriending your Mind and Discovering Lasting Contentment by Nancy Collier, Healing Developmental Trauma by Laurence Heller, Adult Children of Alcoholics by Janet Geringer Woititz and Gabor Mate’s When the Body Says No were indispensable in this process. So upwards and onwards!

Interestingly, I heard many stories of people my age who struggle with severe OA in their knees, and one decided to have anthrosamid injections, which I had not heard of before, and says that for now she had very good results from it. But anyway, I’m fine for now, knowing my knees will never be like before, but with adaptation of my daily activities to keep fit, so in my case only walking and swimming, I hope my knees and foot will hold out for a long time. Thanks everyone for your helpful suggestions and comments and thanks for reading :flowers:
 
Thank you for the update Laurs! I am so happy to hear that this difficult medical journey has been successful for you! And it sounds like it opened the door for you to also embark on an emotional exploration. That is inspiring!🌻
 
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