Carbonaceous chondrites or
C chondrites are a class of
chondriticmeteorites comprising at least 8 known groups and many ungrouped meteorites. They include some of the most primitive known meteorites. The C chondrites represent only a small proportion (4.6%)
[1] of
meteorite falls.
Some famous carbonaceous chondrites are:
Allende,
Murchison,
Orgueil,
Ivuna,
Murray,
Tagish Lake,
Sutter's Mill and
Winchcombe.
C chondrites contain a high proportion of carbon (up to 3%), which is in the form of
graphite,
carbonates and organic compounds, including
amino acids. In addition, they contain water and minerals that have been modified by the influence of water.
[2]
The carbonaceous chondrites were not exposed to higher temperatures, so that they are hardly changed by thermal processes. Some carbonaceous chondrites, such as the
Allende meteorite, contain calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs). These are compounds that emerged early from the primeval
solar nebula, condensed out and represent the oldest minerals formed in the
Solar System .
[3][4]
Some primitive carbonaceous chondrites, such as the CM chondrite
Murchison, contain presolar minerals, including
moissanite (natural
silicon carbide) and tiny nanometer-sized diamonds that apparently were not formed in our solar system. These presolar minerals were probably formed during the explosion of a nearby
supernova or in the vicinity of a pulsating
red giant (more precisely: a so-called
AGB star) before they got into the cloud of matter from which the Solar System was formed. Such star explosions release pressure waves that can condense clouds of matter in their surroundings, leading to the formation of new ones, stars and
planetary systems.
[5]
Another carbonaceous chondrite, the Flensburg meteorite (2019), provides evidence of the earliest known occurrence of liquid water in the young Solar System to date.
[6][7]
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