Claudio Monteverdi:
Zefiro torna
[quote author=Michael Delahoyde, Washington State University]
The blossoming of "humanism" in the Renaissance meant that humans were seen less as creatures and more as creators. The fierce authority of the cantus firmus was ousted and, instead of the rhythmically driven polyphony of the late Middle Ages, 15th- and 16th-century music in Europe valued melodic beauty, expressiveness, and unity. . .
Expressivism, the idea that the music should reflect the text, became more important in the sixteenth century. Monteverdi's "Zephiro torna" is a good example, almost mannerist, in fact.
Zefiro torna e di soavi accenti
LÕaer fa grato eÕl pie discoglie a lÕonde
E mormorando tra le verdi fronde
Fa danzar al bel suon sul prato i fiori,
Inghirlandato il crin Fillide e Clori,
Notte temprando amor care e gioconde,
E da monti e da valli ime e profonde
Raddopian lÕarmonia gli antri canori.
Sorge pi vaga in ciel lÕaurora, eÕl sole
Sparge pi luci dÕor, pi puro argento
Fregia di Teti il bel ceruleo manto.
So io per selve abbandonate e sole
LÕardor di due begli occhi eÕl mio tormento
Come vuol mia ventura hor piango, hor canto.
Return O Zephyr, and with gentle motion
Make pleasant the air and scatter the grasses in waves
And murmuring among the green branches
Make the flowers in the field dance to your sweet sound;
Crown with a garland the heads of Phylla and Chloris
With notes tempered by love and joy,
From mountains and valleys high and deep
And sonorous caves that echo in harmony.
The dawn rises eagerly into the heavens and the sun
Scatters rays of gold, and of the purest silver,
Like embroidery on the cerulean mantle of Thetis.
But I, in abandoned forests, am alone.
The ardour of two beautiful eyes is my torment;
As my Fate wills it, now I weep, now I sing. [/quote]
Tomaso Giovanni Albinoni:
Bella e l'Alba
This is about as close as we can get in knowing what the castrati sounded like.
Beautiful is the dawn; Elisa is beautiful:
Divine is one, divine is the other; their virtues are equal.
If the sun is depending upon one, the sun is expected from the other.
I honour their names.
[quote author=Wikipedia]
Tomaso Giovanni Albinoni (8 June 1671, Venice, Republic of Venice – 17 January 1751, Venice, Republic of Venice) was a Venetian Baroque composer. While famous in his day as an opera composer, he is mainly remembered today for his instrumental music, some of which is regularly recorded. . .
His instrumental music greatly attracted the attention of Johann Sebastian Bach, who wrote at least two fugues on Albinoni's themes and constantly used his basses for harmony exercises for his pupils.[/quote]
Tomaso Giovanni Albinoni:
Adagio in G Minor