Moreover, when electrons are emitted this can create a “glow” (afterglow). The amount of light emitted is determined, in large part, by particles that are shed and the amount of electron discharge and reduction in or increase in electron density (via charge cannibalism [
37] [
40] ). Likely, the glow may also be produced via the transition from bipolar charging to a more dominant role of ions in particle charging [
37] [
47] [
48] . Via all these interactive forces, dusty plasmas will glow, oscillate, pulsate with light, and can display a range of motions (behaviors), e.g. swarming, aligning, congregating, clustering, crowding; all of which contributes to collective or individualized behavior including pursuit, head-on collisions and energy cannibalism