Philip Gardiner: expert on hidden mysteries? PSY-OPS Agent
I think we should talk about shamans about now. A few more excerpts from Secret History (you really ought to read the whole book Muppet because then you might learn something).
Now, keep in mind that many people use the term “shaman� as a catch-all for any individual possessing any magico-religious powers in any primitive society. There are discussions of Indian, Iranian, Germanic, North and South American, Chinese, and even Babylonian “shamanism,� particularly when primitive cultures are being examined. The problem is, if the word “shaman� is taken to mean any magician, sorcerer, medicine man, or ecstatic found throughout all religions and cultures, the word becomes useless and vague. There are already words for magicians and sorcerers and mystics and medicine men to express any number of concepts. When I write about shamanism, I intend to follow the example of Eliade and restrict the usage to the religious phenomenon of Siberia and Central Asia. This is the locale where the former ancient technology of Europe and the megalith cultures landed, and was preserved for millennia before being corrupted by elements from the South. It is the closest we can get to the most ancient conceptions of the Cosmos, the ancient technology of transcending space and time.
I think we should talk about shamans about now. A few more excerpts from Secret History (you really ought to read the whole book Muppet because then you might learn something).
Now, keep in mind that many people use the term “shaman� as a catch-all for any individual possessing any magico-religious powers in any primitive society. There are discussions of Indian, Iranian, Germanic, North and South American, Chinese, and even Babylonian “shamanism,� particularly when primitive cultures are being examined. The problem is, if the word “shaman� is taken to mean any magician, sorcerer, medicine man, or ecstatic found throughout all religions and cultures, the word becomes useless and vague. There are already words for magicians and sorcerers and mystics and medicine men to express any number of concepts. When I write about shamanism, I intend to follow the example of Eliade and restrict the usage to the religious phenomenon of Siberia and Central Asia. This is the locale where the former ancient technology of Europe and the megalith cultures landed, and was preserved for millennia before being corrupted by elements from the South. It is the closest we can get to the most ancient conceptions of the Cosmos, the ancient technology of transcending space and time.
(Omitted lengthy quote from Raynaldus,)
Now, of all the things said by Raynaldus, this last is the most interesting. But, let me deal with them in reverse order. The item that human souls are those of “higher beings� is quite in keeping with the many myths and legends of The Fall - the former state of man in paradise. But, that this “paradise� is here described as sort of “in the air� and not exactly “in heaven� , is most interesting in terms of hyperdimensional realities. It is also interesting in terms of the Grail Quest and the “ascent of the shamans� and the Great Work of alchemy. The statement that clearly describes a belief in reincarnation, and seven incarnations in particular, is also interesting since it seems to be a garbling of the seven levels of reality that are part and parcel of many other ancient systems of philosophy, originating, in fact, in Siberian Shamanism.[...]
Some people suggest that the Cathars engaged in some sort of sexual rites based on other accusations of their detractors. There are also clues that “sex� of a spiritual sort may have been the rite of “crucifixion� of the original Christianity, the “Christing� , the Hieros Gamos, being the Shamanic ascent to the Goddess. Let us just say at this point that assuming that physical sexual activity has anything to do with it is misleading - an exoteric blind.
So what we see is that “primitive chiliasm� , if it was related to Catharism, included a belief in something slightly different from a physical resurrection, and if it was closer to the real teachings of Great Teacher- around whom the Jesus Myth was shaped by the church - then it suggests that the restoration of the “souled beings� to some sort of “angelic bodies� could be the explanation as to why “primitive Chiliasm� and Catharism are closely connected to the Grail stories - stories that emphasize “romance� and battles with dark forces, great struggles of a physical and emotional nature that lead to some great accomplisment: the Great Work of Alchemy. What we can hypothesize, based on the evidence, is that these teachings included the idea of hyperdimensional realities and literal Time Loops culminating in cataclysm, with a restoration of a Para-physical earth - the Edenic State of the Golden Age — on the other side of the dissolution. This, of course, leads us to the Mother of all Grail Stories: Noah and the Ark.
The story of Noah and the Ark is the primordial story of salvation; the original Quest for the Holy Grail; - the building of the Ark; and - the Great Work of Alchemy. The Flood has other connotations such as the occlusion of the Sun representing the “Dying God� , sacrificed for the sins of mankind. In this sense, the Ark is the symbol of the Cosmic Hieros Gamos, or the mode of passage to the realm of the “Once and Future King� , Arthur/Arca and the Shepherds of Arcadia. [...]
About 35,000 years ago, at the same time that homo sapiens sapiens (Cro-Magnon) was supposed to have appeared on the stage of history, simultaneously with the mysterious disappearance of Neanderthal man, there also appeared an explosion of representational art. It is as if the birth of culture occurred from the primal continuum of the Paleolithic mind. Prominent among these first and most artistic creations are diverse representations of the creatrix goddess of fertility, complemented by sculptures and wall paintings of animals and the hunt of a more shamanic content. The consistency and the careful beauty of these figurines is consistent with the worship of the female as generator of the continued line of living existence. [...]
With that idea, we come to some very interesting relationships that will go very far in providing clues to us in terms of asking some of the most interesting questions of all relating to our idea of the rites and myths of ancient man being the disjecta membra of a vanished civilization. Mircea Eliade writes:
The myths refer to more intimate relations between the Supreme Beings and shamans; in particular, they tell of a First Shaman, sent to earth by the Supreme Being or his surrogate to defend human beings against diseases and evil spirits.Recent researches have clearly brought out the “shamanic� elements in the religion of the Paleolithic hunters. Horst Kierchner has interpreted the celebrated relief at Lascaux as a representation of a shamanic trance.[…]
Finally, Karl J. Narr has reconsidered the problem of the “origin� and chronology of shamanism in his important study. He brings out the influence of notions of fertility (Venus statuettes) on the religious beliefs of the prehistoric North Asian hunters; but this influence did not disrupt the Paleolithic tradition.[…] it is in this “Vorstellungswelt� that the roots of the bear ceremonialism of Asia and North America lie. Soon afterward, probably about 25,000 BC, Europe offers evidence for the earliest forms of shamanism (Lascaux) with the plastic representations of the bird, the tutelary spirit, and ecstasy. […]
What appears to be certain is the antiquity of “shamanic� rituals and symbols. It remains to be determined whether these documents brought to light by prehistoric discoveries represent the first expressions of a shamanism in statu nascendi or are merely the earliest documents today available for an earlier religious complex, which, however, did not find “plastic� manifestations (drawings, ritual objects, etc) before the period of Lascaux.
In accounting for the formation of the shamanic complex in Central and North Asia, we must keep in mind the two essential elements of the problem: on the one hand, the ecstatic experience as such, as a primary phenomenon; on the other, the historic-religious milieu into which this ecstatic experience was destined to be incorporated and the ideology that, in the last analysis, was to validate it. […]
Everywhere in those lands, and from the earliest times, we find documents for the existence of a Supreme Being of celestial structure, who also corresponds morphologically to all the other Supreme Beings of the archaic religions. The symbolism of ascent, with all the rites and myths dependent on it, must be connected with celestial Supreme Beings; […] This symbolism of ascent and “height� retains its value even after the “withdrawal� of the celestial Supreme Being — for, as is well known, Supreme Beings gradually lose their active place in the cult, giving way to religious forms that are more “dynamic� and “familiar� (the gods of storm and fertility, demiurges, the souls of the dead, the Great Goddesses, etc.) […]
The reduction or even the total loss in religious currency of Uranian Supreme Beings is sometimes indicated in myths concerning a primordial and paradisal time when communications between heaven and earth were easy and accessible to everyone; as the result of some happening, these communications were broken off and the Supreme Beings withdrew to the highest sky.[…]
The disappearance of the cult of the celestial Supreme Being did not nullify the symbolism of ascent with all its implication. […]
The shamanic ecstasy could be considered a reactualization of the mythical illud tempus when men could communicate in concreto with the sky.
It is indubitable that the celestial ascent of the shaman is a survival, profoundly modified and sometimes degenerate, of this archaic religious ideology centered on faith in a celestial Supreme Being and belief in concrete communications between heaven and earth. […]
It was in the context of the “withdrawal� of the “Celestial Being� that the meaning of the shaman’s ecstatic experience changed. Formerly, the activity was focused on communing with the god and obtaining benefits for the tribe. The shift of the function of the shaman associated with the withdrawal of the benevolent god/goddess was to “battling with evil spirits and disease� . This is a sharp reminder of the work of Jesus, healing the sick and casting out demons - the shamanic exemplar “after the Fall� .
There was, it seems, another consequence of this “shift� . Increasingly, the descents into the “underworld� and the relations with “spirits� led to their “embodiment� or in the shaman’s being “possessed� by “spirits� . What is clear is that these were innovations, most of them recent. What is particularly striking in the research of the historiographers of myth, legend, shamanism, etc, is the discovery of the “influences from the south, which appeared quite early and which altered both cosmology and the mythology and techniques of ecstasy� . Among these southern influences were the contribution of Buddhism and Lamaism, added to the Iranian and, in the last analysis, Mesopotamian influences that preceded them. Eliade writes:
What seems to be most important about Central Asian shamanism in the history of mysticism is the role the shaman plays in the defense of the psychic integrity of the community. Shamans are pre-eminently the anti-demonic champions; they combat not only demons and disease, but also the black magicians. The shaman is the tireless slayer of demons and dragons. And here we find explication of the “military� elements of the Grail Ensemble. The Sword in the Stone that can only be withdrawn by the “Heir� , or the “Desired Knight� , was represented in the Steppe shamanic regalia as lance, cuirass, bow, sword, etc. These are accounted for in our study by virtue of the requirements of war against the demons, the true enemies of humanity. As Eliade points out, the shaman defends life, health, fertility, the world of “light� , against death, diseases, sterility, disaster, and the world of “darkness� . In short, the Shaman is a very early “type� of the Knight on the Quest for the Holy Grail - the Shamanic ascent to the Celestial Spheres.The initiatory schema of the shaman’s ritual death and resurrection is likewise an innovation, but one that goes back to much earlier times; in any case, it cannot be ascribed to influences from the ancient Near East. But the innovations introduced by the ancestor cult particularly affected the structure of this initiatory schema. The very concept of mystical death was altered by the many and various religious changes effected by lunar mythologies, the cult of the dead, and the elaboration of magical ideologies.
Hence we must conceive of Asiatic shamanism as an archaic technique of ecstasy whose original underlying ideology — belief in a celestial Supreme Being with whom it was possible to have direct relations by ascending into the sky — was constantly being transformed by an ongoing series of exotic contributions culminating in the invasion of Buddhism. […]
The phenomenology of the trance underwent many changes and corruptions, due in large part to confusion as to the precise nature of ecstasy. Yet all these innovations and corruptions did not succeed in eliminating the possibility of the true shamanic ecstasy.
More than once we have discerned in the shamanic experience a “nostalgia for paradise� that suggests one of the oldest types of Christian mystical experience. As for the “inner light� , which plays a part of the first importance in Indian mysticism and metaphysics as well as in Christian mystical theology, it is already documented in shamanism..
We see that what is fundamental and universal to the shaman, to the heroes of myth, to the Quest for the Holy Grail, is the shaman’s struggle against what we could call “the powers of evil� . The knight/shaman’s essential role in the defense of the psychic integrity of the community depends above all on this: men are sure that one of them is able to help them in the critical circumstances produced by the inhabitants of the invisible world. Here we come to a crucial characteristic of the knight/shaman: he must be able to SEE what is hidden and invisible to the rest and to bring back direct and reliable information from the supernatural worlds. In short, in the accounts of shamanic ecstasies, we find correspondence to the themes of the great epics in oral literature. The knight/shaman’s adventures in the other world, the ordeals and tests that he undergoes in his ecstatic descents below and ascents to the sky, describe in every detail the adventures of the figures in popular tales and the heroes of epic myths. This suggests that many epic “subjects� or motifs, as well as many characters, images, and clichés of these tales, are of ecstatic, or even other-worldly origin in the sense of interactions with hyper-dimensional realities.
Here we may have found the essential key to the mystery of the Holy Grail, the Ark of the Covenant and Noah’s Ark. We may even have, in a sense, found Arthur and Perceval of the Grail stories: the “Desired Knight� raised in obscurity, to discover that he is the “rightful heir� who can unlock DNA potential and achieve the shamanic ascent, or the Alchemical Transformation, and can remove the sword from the stone and defend the community against “sickness and demons� of an “otherworldly� nature.
Thus it is that we may find that our religious myths and rites are remnants of narratives – a message in a bottle - designed to explain these phenomena, and that the monotheistic versions, declaring a Final End, or a Judgment Day of a final end, are merely distortions of the myth designed to establish a Control System on our planet.
These distortions are beneficial to those who seek power and wealth, who are under the control of archetypal forces of another realm of which our own reality is but a shadow or a reflection. Let me reiterate: I do not mean, here, to suggest that this other realm is “astral� or ephemeral or non-material. I am suggesting that it is an intermediate realm of para-physical, hyper-dimensional beings whose existence and nature has been carefully concealed from us for millennia – for a reason that is not to our benefit. [...]
We remember at this point that Fulcanelli has told us that we would derive great benefit from his little book on the Cathedrals, providing he did not despise the works of the Old Philosophers, and if he would study with care and penetration the classical text so as to understand the obscure points of the practice. Naturally, we cannot possibly include a page-by-page examination of Le Mystère in this volume, but there are a number of important points to be made here.
In the first edition, Canseliet tells us right at the end of his preface:
Most of the preface to the second edition is taken up discussing a, “star shining on the mystic virgin - who is at one and the same time our mother (mere) and the hermetic sea (mer) - announces the conception� . Canseliet tells us, “the star is the great sign of the Work� . Naturally, this is wrapped in parables, with a sufficient amount of diversion to occupy the puffers. But, having said all that, Canseliet tells us even more. He comments that the reader might wonder that he has spent so much time discussing the star, but the reason is that it leads us straight into Fulcanelli’s text. He next tells us:The key to the major Arcanum is given quite openly in one of the figures illustrating the present work. And this key consists quite simply in a color revealed to the artisan right from the first work. No Philosopher, to my knowledge, has emphasized the importance of this essential point. In revealing it, I am obeying the last wishes of Fulcanelli and my conscience is clear.
The only problem is, for the puffer, these remarks are nonsense. Fulcanelli begins Le Mystère talking about cathedrals in general, the feast of fools, and wanders all over the place. He most certainly does not begin by talking about “the primary role of the star� , this “great sign of the work� , or does he?Indeed, right from the beginning my Master has dwelt on the primary role of the star, this mineral Theophany, which announces with certainty the tangible solution of the great secret concealed in religious buildings. This is the Mystère des Cathédrales, the very title of the work.
Yes, he does.
Remember what Canseliet said?
Well, for a mind that thinks in terms of Kabbala, there is no way to understand this. But, for a mind that thinks in cabala, the language of the gods, the birds, the mother tongue, the solution is easy. If one opens to the very first “work of the artisan� , or sentence of the book, there is a “figure� given - figure = number also! - and that figure that is the key to the Major Arcanum is the number seven.The key to the major Arcanum is given quite openly in one of the figures illustrating the present work. And this key consists quite simply in a colour revealed to the artisan right from the first work. No Philosopher, to my knowledge, has emphasized the importance of this essential point.
In the first sentence of the book, “the work of the artisan� , Fulcanelli writes…
…and we have the “key to the major Arcanum� .The strongest impression of my early childhood - I was SEVEN years old…
How to interpret the number seven? Well, there are several ways to think about it, but the simplest is just to find chapter seven in the book to see what it says. So, we turn the pages over and begin to read:
Indeed we have found a star that is the “great sign of the work� , leading to a color: Gold. We have the figure seven which takes us to a color and then, to confirm that we have made the correct interpretation, we find that a star, which was the major part of the discussion of the second preface, is the guide to the “fields of Laurentum� , or gold. This paragraph is, as Canseliet said, The Key to the Major Arcanum. And the Major Arcanum is not, as the puffer Kabbalists would like to think, referring to the Tarot. It refers to the “Great Work� . That’s cabala, not Kabbala. And part of that key is related to the legend of Aeneas, the burning of Troy, and the fields of Laurentum - the Dwellings of the Mystics, all of which takes us to the North, to the “Athenians� , who stood against Atlantis, the archetypal myth of the Trojan wars, the Perseids, the Scythians living in the Hesperides, Laurentum, the original Arcadia.Varro, in his Antiquitates rerum humanorum, recalls the legend of Aeneas saving his father and his household gods from the flames of Troy and, after long wanderings, arriving at the fields of Laurentum, (Laurente- Laurentium is cabalistically l’or ente, or grafted gold) the goal of his journey. He gives the following explanation: “After his departure from Troy, he saw every day and ruling the day the Star of Venus, until he arrived at the fields of Laurentum, where he ceased to see it. This fact made him realize that these were the lands allotted by destiny."
But, Fulcanelli is busy wrapping his parable in a parable, and it is absolutely delightful to dive into the sea (mer) of his mind. After giving us this huge welcome, a reassurance that we have discovered his intent, he now begins to give us many more “keys� that we ought to keep in mind while reading all else he has written, as these are the themes that indicate to us whether what we are reading is a false turn in the labyrinth, or whether it is an idea that will lead to understanding.
First of all, Fulcanelli has identified for us a Trojan connection and the name of Aeneas as being significant. We also find that whatever it is we are looking for left Troy and traveled to Laurentum - gold -East. This is both a literal and symbolic meaning. He then connects us to the name of Seth - or Scyth - and tells us, “A race existed in the Far East on the shores of the Ocean, who possessed a book attributed to Seth, which spoke of the future appearance of this star … which prediction was given as transmitted from father to son by generations of the wise men� . [i/]
In this remark, Fulcanelli has established the route of transmission. We then think of the Central Asian shamanic tradition. [...]
He then clearly identifies the knowledge of the “descent of a venerable God� as being transmitted by the Magi, and further explicates that Diodorus was on the right track when he said, “this star was not one of those which people the heavens, but a certain virtue or urano-diurnal force, having assumed the form of a star in order to announce the birth of the Lord among us� . [...]
Herodotus said that the Magi were the sacred caste of the Medes. They provided priests for Persia, and, regardless of dynastic changes, retained their religious influence.
Media was an ancient country of Asia. The Hebrew and Assyrian form of the word Media is mdy (Madai) which corresponds to the Mada by which the land is designated in the earliest Persian cuneiform texts. The origin and significance of the word are unknown.
The earliest information concerning the territory occupied by the Medes, and later in part by the Persians, is derived from the Babylonian and Assyrian texts. In these it is called Anshan, and comprised probably a vast region bounded on the north-west by Armenia, on the north by the Caspian Sea, on the east by the great desert, and on the south by Elam. It included much more than the territory originally known as Persia. Later, however, when the Persian supremacy eclipsed that of the Medes, the name of Persia was extended to the whole Median territory.
Ethnological authorities are agreed that the peoples who, under the general name of Medes, occupied this vast region in historic times, were not the original inhabitants. They were the successors of a prehistoric population about whom little or nothing is known. The Medes appeared at the dawn of history and, if they did have a written language, no fragments of it have survived, so nothing is directly known concerning their language. Judging, however, from the proper names that have come down to us, there is reason to believe that it was similar to Old Persian. They would thus be of Aryan stock. [...]
(skip a LOT)
Now, returning to our most peculiar story of Jacob wrestling with the “man� , following which he went south and did the whole “Tabernacles� thing, it is clear that an ancient ritual drama has been historicized.
Certain ancient myths tell us that a battle takes place either between two brothers, or between father and son. The battle ends when the elder king is “wounded in the thigh� , or ritually castrated to symbolize his loss of potency.
The kingdom, represented by the queen, is then given over to the winning brother, or from father to son because the queen symbolizes the land. It is interesting that this drama was enacted between Jacob, and an “angel of Yahweh� , playing the role of Set. In this way, the people understood that the kingship had been handed to Yahweh personally because he “Tabernacled with Jacob� playing the role of the goddess. Yahweh, the Boar god.
We need to understand here that these ritual combats, dying kings, cannibalistic and sacrificial activities are only the extreme corruptions of an original, core idea that can be seen to represent an ancient technology. Indeed, the technology aspect emerges from time to time, but is often so disguised that it is difficult to sort out the many twists and turns in the threads of transmission. Among the most archaic representations of these ideas - even though we can consider it to still be a corruption of the truly ancient knowledge - are the rites of the Shamans of central Asia.
When we look to the function of the shaman, we discover: the shaman either descends to the underworld to save man, or he ascends to the heavens to intercede with the gods on behalf of his people. He is, in effect, the divinely chosen “knight� who has the “right stuff� to be able to make this journey. The symbolism of the stairs on which the shaman ascends and descends are typically shamanic. The “Tree of Life� , the symbol of the birth goddess, is a symbol of the shamanic ascent to the celestial spheres to receive the communication from god concerning the fate of the tribe. In this sense, the cosmic axis and the heavenly book have become joined in terms of symbolism. One can clearly see these elements in the story of Jacob’s ladder and his wrestling with the “angel� . Unfortunately, Jacob lost the match.
What is most fascinating in terms of shamanic studies is a mysterious “female sickness� that male shamans often suffered. One of the reported (and variable) symptoms of becoming a shaman is that the individual begins to dress as a woman, to act as a woman, and to generally begin a process of feminization. We see a hint of this factor in Jacob’s journey south to “build booths� which was a strictly female activity!
This feminization of the shaman directs us to consider the fact that the original shamanic/grail function was most likely fulfilled by women only, and at some point, men attempted to dispense with the function of the female and to acquire her attributes and natural shamanic capabilities. It seems that, at the same point in time, the place of the woman in the rites, who was present to “embody� the goddess in the sacred marriage, was replaced by other items, including stairs, celestial trees, and even horses. The rhythmic function of ritual intercourse, which was merely a corruption of the act of “dissolving� into space/time, was replaced by drumming and other trance inducing methods.
The clues to these transitions are held in the very words themselves: knight and mare. Knight is derived from the same root as yogi, or juga, which means “to join together� , and the word “mare� for “mer� or Sea of the mother is obvious. In order to get us a bit closer to some idea of how the transitions occur, Eliade remarks on the shamanic role in funerary rites, which have been described and observed. It is thought that these sorts of rites are very similar to the “secret rites� or functions that are hidden by vows of secrecy.
At this point, allow me to interject the comment that we see a curious parallel to the fact that the Themosphoria was celebrated “only by women� . In other words, it was very likely an archaic custom of what has been called “sacred prostitution� but the sacred prostitution was clearly derived from archaic techniques of ecstasy which we have surmised were actually disjecta membra of an ancient technology that effectively modified DNA. Over millennia of transmission, the terminology describing this DNA factor was corrupted to refer to sexual elements. We shall also later see that what was once a “spiritual idea� was given a literal, physical meaning. The role and participation of women is indeed important, but not at all the way many occultists have interpreted it.Herodotus has left us a good description of the funerary customs of the Scythians. The funeral was followed by purifications. Hemp was thrown on heated stones and all inhaled the smoke; “the Scythians howl in joy for the vapour-bath.� […]
The howls compose a specific religious ensemble, the purpose of which could only be ecstasy. In this connection Meuli cites the Altaic séance described by Radlov, in which the shaman guided to the underworld the soul of a woman who had been dead forty days. The shaman-psychopomp is not found in Herodotus’ description; he speaks only of the purifications following a funeral. But among a number of Turko-Tatar peoples such purifications coincide with the shaman’s escorting the deceased to his new home, the nether regions.[…]
The use of hemp for ecstatic purposes is also attested among the Iranians, and it is the Iranian word for hemp that is employed to designate mystical intoxication in Central and North Asia.
It is known that the Caucasian peoples, and especially the Osset, have preserved a number of the mythological and religious traditions of the Scythians.
Now, the conceptions of the afterlife held by certain Caucasian peoples are close to those of the Iranians, particularly in regard to the deceased crossing a bridge as narrow as a hair, the myth of a Cosmic Tree whose top touches the sky and at whose root there is a miraculous spring, and so on. Then, too, diviners, seers, and necromancer-psychopomps play a certain role among the mountain Georgian tribes. The most important of these sorcerers are the messulethe; their ranks are filled for the most part from among the women and girls. Their chief office is to escort the dead to the other world, but they can also incarnate them. […] The messulethe performs her task by falling into trance.
What is clear is that the very ancient idea of women as priestesses, or as so-called “temple prostitutes� , was merely derived from the fact of the natural role of the woman as true shaman. When women were extirpated from their role as natural psychopomp for their tribes, a host of other items had to be invented to take their place: trees, bridges (which is a word strikingly similar to “bride� and “bridle� as is used for a horse!), ladders, stairs, drums, rattles, chants, dances, and so on; and most especially ritual combat instead of unification.
With this very small series of hints, we can deduce that Jacob’s dream of the ladder and his ritual combat with the “man� who was an “angel of Yahweh� , are simply glosses of the true activities of Jacob as a shaman. Whether or not there was ever a historical Jacob, we can’t say. What does seem to be true is that somebody did something at that point in time and was “assimilated� to the myth of the “Heel God� . We think again of the encounters between Abraham and God, and Moses and God, resulting in circumcision. In any event, the three events: wrestling with the angel, the name changing, the circumcision of Abraham and the son of Moses, were very likely originally a single event, separated in time and context by the redactor of the Bible who we will soon encounter.We have observed the striking resemblance between the other world ideas of the Caucasians and of the Iranians. For one thing, the Cinvat bridge plays an essential role in Iranian funerary mythology; crossing it largely determines the destiny of the soul; and the crossing is a difficult ordeal, equivalent in structure, to initiatory ordeals. […]
The Cinvat bridge is at the “Center� , at the “middle of the world� and “the height of a hundred men� . […] The bridge connects earth and heaven at the “Center� . Under the Cinvat bridge is the pit of hell.
Here we find a “classic� cosmological schema of the three cosmic regions connected by a central axis (pillar, tree, bridge, etc.) The shamans travel freely among the three zones; the dead must cross a bridge on their journey to the beyond. […] The important feature of the Iranian tradition is (at least as it survived after Zarathustra’s reform) is that, at the crossing of the bridge, there is a sort of struggle between the demons, who try to cast the soul down to hell, and the tutelary spirits who resist them.
The Gathas make three references to this crossing of the Cinvat bridge. In the first two passages Zarathustra, according to H.S. Nyberg’s interpretation, refers to himself as a psychopomp. Those who have been united to him in ecstasy will cross the bridge with ease. […]
The bridge, then, is not only the way for the dead; it is the road of ecstatics. […] The Gathic term maga is proof that Zarathustra and his disciples induced an ecstatic experience by ritual songs intoned in chorus in a closed, consecrated space. In this sacred space (maga) communication between heaven and earth became possible. […] The sacred space became a “Center� .[…]
Shamanic ecstasy induced by hemp smoke was known in ancient Iran. […] In the Videvdat hemp is demonized. This seems to us to prove complete hostility to shamanic intoxication. […] The imagery of the Central Asian shamans would seem to have undergone the influence of Oriental, and principally Iranian, ideas. But this does not mean that the shamanic descent to the underworld derives from an exotic influence. The Oriental contribution only amplified and added color to the dramatic scenarios of punishments; it was the narratives of ecstatic journeys to the underworld that were enriched under Oriental influences; the ecstasy long preceded them. [….]
We … have found the technique of ecstasy in archaic cultures where it is impossible to suspect any influence from the ancient East. […]
The magico-religious value of intoxication for achieving ecstasy is of Iranian origin. […]
Concerning the original shamanic experience … narcotics are only a vulgar substitute for “pure� trance.
The use of intoxicants is a recent innovation and points to a decadence in shamanic technique. Narcotic intoxication is called on to provide an imitation of a state that the shaman is no longer capable of attaining otherwise. Decadence or vulgarization of a mystical technique - in ancient and modern India, and indeed all through the East, we constantly find this strange mixture of “difficult ways� and “easy ways� of realizing mystical ecstasy or some other decisive experience.
Nevertheless, Jacob lost the battle, failing to fulfill the function of the shaman, and the following day, met his brother, knowing that he had been “mortally wounded� , and transferred to him the “blessing� or kingship. My own question is this: was this meeting also a record of the transferring of some vital item to Esau as a result of his shamanic failure?