[quote author=Keyhole]Interestingly, the above lung cancer statistics taken from the World Cancer Research Fund International only feature one of the countries said to have the highest smoking rate, and that's the USA. This data completely disproves what the WHO and other health authorities have said for years about smoking causing lung cancer. Smoking clearly does NOT cause lung cancer.[/quote]
Well, as a number 2 on the lung cancer list, Serbia does have a high rate of smoking but it also had/has a worst fuel quality in Europe:
And we had so much sulfur in fuel that in 2008 one truck triggered the bomb alarm when it passed near the American embassy! True story!
And I remember that my mother were told once after lung exam that she is an active smoker, but she never smoked in her life. Nor anybody else in our house. But the doctors said that her lungs were black!
But guess what? She worked all her life in the center of the city where all the building are black. :/
Old story from 2006:
And we also had NATO bombing in 1999. But I don't know why is Hungary number one on the list...
Well, as a number 2 on the lung cancer list, Serbia does have a high rate of smoking but it also had/has a worst fuel quality in Europe:
And we had so much sulfur in fuel that in 2008 one truck triggered the bomb alarm when it passed near the American embassy! True story!
And I remember that my mother were told once after lung exam that she is an active smoker, but she never smoked in her life. Nor anybody else in our house. But the doctors said that her lungs were black!
But guess what? She worked all her life in the center of the city where all the building are black. :/
Old story from 2006:
And we also had NATO bombing in 1999. But I don't know why is Hungary number one on the list...
Thank you Keyhole, and everyone for excellent informations about beneficial in smoking tobacco for better cognitive function in nicotine roles.
It explains why in Korea, traditionally promote older people to smoking tobacco but younger women were forbidden from smoking, because male dominated old society wanted to control their women(wife, sisters, daughters), but when their mother gets old, then encourage to smoking for improves attention and better memory?
Anyway now I would like to try it again, but I am thinking about chewing tobacco leaf, instead smoking.
My question,
Is chewing tobacco leaf gets same nicotine as smoking?
This place sells organic Canadian Virginia flue cured tobacco leaf, one pound is $21.99.
I am thinking about buy it. What you think?
https://www.leafonly.com/cigarette-tobacco-leaf/organic-tobacco-leaf/organic-canadian-virginia-flue-cured
It explains why in Korea, traditionally promote older people to smoking tobacco but younger women were forbidden from smoking, because male dominated old society wanted to control their women(wife, sisters, daughters), but when their mother gets old, then encourage to smoking for improves attention and better memory?
Anyway now I would like to try it again, but I am thinking about chewing tobacco leaf, instead smoking.
My question,
Is chewing tobacco leaf gets same nicotine as smoking?
This place sells organic Canadian Virginia flue cured tobacco leaf, one pound is $21.99.
I am thinking about buy it. What you think?
https://www.leafonly.com/cigarette-tobacco-leaf/organic-tobacco-leaf/organic-canadian-virginia-flue-cured
Quick question on the practical aspects of smoking. We just bought some whole leaf tobacco, de-veined it and shredded it. Now we have the veins left over. How can you use these tobacco veins/tobacco stems, whatever they're usually called. I've read about gardening uses for tobacco, but monotonic mentioned to me reading something about putting them in a pipe? He said he read it on the forum but I couldn't find it. Here's the closest I found online:
"Smoking leaf stems?" http://www.howtogrowtobacco.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=5158
"Smoking leaf stems?" http://www.howtogrowtobacco.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=5158
I have taken the liberty of summarizing Keyhole's articles into a bullet point type list for easy reference. (I trust you are OK with this, Keyhole?)
Health Benefits of Tobacco
1. Exposure to cigarette smoke was found to have a mitigating effect on radon daughter-induced tumours. 3
2. Smoking has a suppressive effect on radiation-induced pneumonitis.3
3. The risk of developing lung cancer from asbestos exposure was significantly decreased in smokers in six of the studies. 5
4. Smokers showed a significantly decreased inflammatory reaction i.e., reduced levels of mast cells and lymphocytes, compared to both non-smoking controls and patients. 7
5. Miners who were heavily exposed to diesel fumes have three times the higher risk of dying from lung cancer compared with miners with low exposure. Whereas for non-smokers, the risk was seven times higher. 8
6. Doctors are unable to tell you from examining a lung whether or not its former host had smoked. 10
7. Nicotine stimulation plays a key role in suppressing cytokine production, can significantly down-regulate and delay inflammatory and autoimmune responses in the central nervous system, and could further attenuate neuro-inflammation. 13
8. Nicotine treated mice injected with lethal doses of influenza A virus infection also displayed longer survival rates when compared to control groups. 13
9. People who received nicotine performed better on almost every test despite whether they were smokers or not, and this was especially in areas of memory, speed, precision, focus and attention. 14
10. Nicotine users performed significantly better in other areas such as long-term memory, semantic memory, arithmetic & complex calculations, and gross motor skills. 14
11. Smoking delivered nicotine produces improvements in mental efficiency. 15
12. Smoking delivered nicotine is associated with lower levels of social withdrawal, better cognitive function, and blunted emotional and motivational responses. 16
13. Nicotine improves attention in a wide variety of tasks in healthy volunteers. 17
14. Nicotine improves immediate and longer term memory in healthy volunteers. 17
15. Nicotine improves attention in patients with probable Alzheimer's Disease. 17
16. Smokers have significantly lower levels of both types of MAO's (A and B), which means that smoking acts as a natural antidepressant – without any of the horrible side-effects common to many pharmaceuticals. 18
17. Smokers lungs have been found to contain 80% more glutathione than the lungs of non-smokers. 22 It plays a critical role in detoxification processes and is acknowledged as the “mother of all antioxidants. Higher concentrations of glutathione in the lungs offer increased protection against foreign material and pathogenic agents
18. Smoking up-regulates the glutathione adaptive response, COPD is caused by an under active “glutathione adaptive response”, 23 so smoking clearly doesn't cause COPD. It would be logical to assume that smoking can actually prevent COPD.
19. Superoxide dismutase enzyme levels in the blood and saliva were significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers and the controls. 24 This could possibly explain how tobacco smoke manages to prevent lung cancer in those inhalling radiation, exhaust fumes and asbestos.
20. Therapeutic efficacies of carbon monoxide at low concentration (such as in cigarette smoke) have been demonstrated in experimental models of several conditions, including lung injuries, heart, hepatic and renal I-R injuries, as well as inflammation, including arthritis. 26
21. Smokers in the aluminium potroom group had a lower prevalence of respiratory symptoms than never smokers or ex-smokers 27
22. Smoking can strongly decrease someone's risk of developing osteoarthritis 28 and provide some level of protection
23. Smokers demonstrate significant protection at four sites commonly seen in OA patients (knee, spine, hand and foot)29
24. . Smoking also presents a negative correlation with large joint OA and has been shown to decrease the risk of OA in obese individuals 30.
25. When compared with non smokers, former smokers had a 22% lower risk of developing Parkinson's disease, while current smokers had a staggering 73% lower risk 32
26. The more a person smokes, the lower the chances are of contracting Parkinson's disease. 33
27. The risk of Alzheimer's disease decreases with increasing daily number of cigarettes smoked before onset of disease. 35
28. Schizophrenics, 90% of whom smoke, have been shown to be between 30-60% less likely to develop lung and other cancers. 37
29. Current smokers are associated with an approximately 42% reduced risk, of contracting ulcerative colitis, however former smokers are associated with increased risk when compared to non-smokers. 41
30. SIRT1 activity is consistently up-regulated in smokers. This increase in SIRT1 activity may serve as a protective effect against oxidative stress and DNA damage. 56
31. Most of the oldest people in the world were smokers. Example -
Jeanne Louise Calment who smoked from age of 21 until she quit at age 117 and died at age 122. 57
References
1. Whitby W. The Smoking Scare De-bunked [Internet]. [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://wispofsmoke.net/PDFs/Whitby.pdf
2. Fisher R. Smoking, the cancer controversy. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; 1959.
3. Cross F, Palmer R, Filipy R, Dagle G, Stuart B. Carcinogenic Effects of Radon Daughters, Uranium Ore Dust and Cigarette Smoke in Beagle Dogs. Health Physics 1982;42:33-52.
4. Bjermer L, Cai Y, Nilsson K, Hellstrom S, Henriksson R. Tobacco smoke exposure suppresses radiation-induced inflammation in the lung: a study of bronchoalveolar lavage and ultrastructural morphology in the rat [Internet]. 1st ed. [cited 2016 Mar 10]. Available from: http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/6/8/1173.full.pdf
5. Lee P. Relation between exposure to asbestos and smoking jointly and the risk of lung cancer. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;58:145-153.
6. BERRY G. The Interaction of Asbestos and Smoking in Lung Cancer: A Modified Measure of Effect. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2004;48:459-462.
7. Bjermer L, Franzen L, Littbrand B, Nilsson K, Angstrom T, Henriksson R. Effects of Smoking and Irradiated Volume on Inflammatory Response in the Lung of Irradiated Breast Cancer Patients Evaluated with Bronchoalveolar Lavage [Internet]. 1st ed. Cancer Research; 1990 [cited 2016 Mar 10]. Available from: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/50/7/2027.full.pdf
8. Silverman D, Samanic C, Lubin J, Blair A, Stewart P, Vermeulen R et al. The Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study: A Nested Case–Control Study of Lung Cancer and Diesel Exhaust [Internet]. 1st ed. Oxford University Press 2012; 2011 [cited 2016 Mar 10]. Available from: http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/jnci/press_releases/silvermandjs034.pdf
9. Cancer [Internet]. World Health Organization2016 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/
10. Davis F. The Black Lung Lie [Internet]. Frank Davis2012 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: https://cfrankdavis.wordpress.com/2012/08/06/the-black-lung-lie/
11. White R. Smoke Screens: Black Lung [Internet]. Smokescreens.org2016 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://smokescreens.org/chapter1.htm
12. Segura G. Nicotine - The Zombie Antidote [Internet]. Signs Of The Times2012 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://www.sott.net/article/254745-Nicotine-The-Zombie-Antidote
13. Han Y, Lau Y. Nicotine, an anti-inflammation molecule. Inflammation and Cell Signaling 2014;
14. Heishman S, Kleykamp B, Singleton E. Meta-analysis of the acute effects of nicotine and smoking on human performance. Psychopharmacology 2010;210:453-469.
15. Wesnes K, Warburton D. Smoking, Nicotine and Human Performance [Internet]. 1st ed. Pergamon Press Ltd; 1983 [cited 2016 Mar 10]. Available from: https://industrydocuments.library.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=ssnl0112
16. Esterlis I, Ranganathan M, Bois F, Pittman B, Picciotto M, Shearer L et al. In Vivo Evidence for β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Upregulation in Smokers as Compared With Nonsmokers With Schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 2014;76:495-502.
17. Warburton D. Nicotine As A Cognitive Enhancer [Internet]. 1st ed. Department of Psychology, University of Reading: Pergamon Press ltd; 1991 [cited 2016 Mar 10]. Available from: https://www.gwern.net/docs/nicotine/1992-warburton.pdf
18. Fowler J, Volkow N, Wang G, Pappas N, Logan J, Shea C et al. Brain monoamine oxidase A inhibition in cigarette smokers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [Internet] 1996 [cited 2016 Mar 10];93:14065-14069. Available from: http://www.pnas.org/content/93/24/14065.full
19. Milgram N, Racine R, Nellis P, Mendonca A, Ivy G. Maintenance on L-deprenyl prolongs life in aged male rats. [Internet]. PubMed, NCBI1990 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2118586
20. Yen T, Knoll J. Extension of lifespan in mice treated with Dinh lang (Policias fruticosum L.) and (-)deprenyl. [Internet]. PubMed, NCBI1992 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1304677
21. Ballatori N, Krance S, Notenboom S, Shi S, Tieu K, Hammond C. Glutathione dysregulation and the etiology and progression of human diseases. Biological Chemistry 2009;390.
22. Cantin A, North S, Hubbard R, Crystal R. Normal alveolar epithelial lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione. Journal of Applied Physiology [Internet] 1987 [cited 2016 Mar 10];63:152-157. Available from: http://jap.physiology.org/content/63/1/152
23. Gould N, Min E, Gauthier S, Martin R, Day B. Lung glutathione adaptive responses to cigarette smoke exposure. Respiratory Research 2011;12:133.
24. Jenifer H, Bhola S, Kalburgi V, Warad S, Kokatnur V. The influence of cigarette smoking on blood and salivary super oxide dismutase enzyme levels among smokers and nonsmokers—A cross sectional study. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2015;5:100-105.
25. Mccusker K, Hoidal J. Selective Increase of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Alveolar Macrophages from Cigarette Smokers and Smoke-exposed Hamsters. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:678-682.
26. Naito Y, Uchiyama K, Takagi T. Therapeutic Potential of Carbon Monoxide (CO) for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Digestion 2015;91.
27. Radon K, Nowak D, Szadkowski D. Lack of combined effects of exposure and smoking on respiratory health in aluminium potroom workers. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;56:468-472.
28. Felson D, Anderson J, Naimark A, Hannan M, Kannel W, Meenan R. Does smoking protect against osteoarthritis?. Arthritis Care Res 1989;32:166-172.
29. Wilder F, Hall B, Barrett J. Smoking and osteoarthritis: Is there an association? The Clearwater Osteoarthritis Study. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003;11:29-35.
30. Sandmark H, Hogstedt C, Lewold S, Vingard E. Osteoarthrosis of the knee in men and women in association with overweight, smoking, and hormone therapy. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1999;58:151-155.
31. Gullahorn L, Lippiello L, Karpman R. Smoking and osteoarthritis: differential effect of nicotine on human chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005;13:942-943.
32. Thacker E, O'Reilly E, Weisskopf M, Chen H, Schwarzschild M, McCullough M et al. Temporal relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology 2007;68:764-768.
33. Gorell J, Rybicki B, Johnson C, Peterson E. Smoking and Parkinson's disease: A dose-response relationship. Neurology 1999;52:115-115.
34. Toulorge D, Guerreiro S, Hild A, Maskos U, Hirsch E, Michel P. Neuroprotection of midbrain dopamine neurons by nicotine is gated by cytoplasmic Ca2+. The FASEB Journal 2011;25:2563-2573.
35. van Duijn C, Hofman A. Relation between nicotine intake and Alzheimer's disease. BMJ 1991;302:1491-1494.
36. Schizophrenia and smoking: an epidemiological survey in a state hospital. American Journal of Psychiatry 1995;152:453-455.
37. Hodgson R, Wildgust H, Bushe C. Review: Cancer and schizophrenia: is there a paradox?. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2010;24:51-60.
38. Nicotine Helps Schizophrenics with Attention and Memory [Internet]. Yale News2005 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://news.yale.edu/2005/06/23/nicotine-helps-schizophrenics-attention-and-memory
39. Zammit S, Allebeck P, Dalman C, Lundberg I, Lewis G. Investigating the Association between Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Developing Schizophrenia in a Cohort Study. Clin Sci 2003;104:41P.2-41P.
40. Lashner B. Inflammatory bowel disease: family patterns and risk factors. [Internet]. PubMed, NCBI1992 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1424531
41. Bastida B, Beltrán G. Ulcerative colitis in smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers. World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG [Internet] 2011 [cited 2016 Mar 10];17:2740. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3122262/
42. Thomas G. Role of smoking in inflammatory bowel disease: implications for therapy. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2000;76:273-279.
43. Chu J. The Genetics of Nicotine Addiction [Internet]. MIT Technology Review2007 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/407452/the-genetics-of-nicotine-addiction/
44. Davies G, Soundy T. The genetics of smoking and nicotine addiction. S D Med [Internet] 2009;Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19363894
45. Massudi H, Grant R, Guillemin G, Braidy N. NAD + metabolism and oxidative stress: the golden nucleotide on a crown of thorns. Redox Report 2012;17:28-46.
46. Anderson R, Bitterman K, Wood J, Medvedik O, Cohen H, Lin S et al. Manipulation of a nuclear NAD+ salvage pathway delays aging without altering steady-state NAD+ levels. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2013;288:24160-24160.
47. Yamauchi K, Nakajima J. Effect of coenzymes and thyroid hormones on the dual activities ofXenopuscytosolic thyroid-hormone-binding protein (xCTBP) with aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. European Journal of Biochemistry 2002;269:2257-2264.
48. Gomes A, Price N, Ling A, Moslehi J, Montgomery M, Rajman L et al. Declining NAD+ Induces a Pseudohypoxic State Disrupting Nuclear-Mitochondrial Communication during Aging. Cell 2013;155:1624-1638.
49. Prolla T, Denu J. NAD+ Deficiency in Age-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Cell Metabolism 2014;19:178-180.
50. Imai S, Armstrong C, Kaeberlein M, Guarente L. Transcriptional silencing and longevity protein Sir2 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase. Nature [Internet] 2000 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10693811
51. Ghosh H, McBurney M, Robbins P. SIRT1 Negatively Regulates the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin. PLoS ONE 2010;5:e9199.
52. Suh J, Sieglaff D, Zhang A, Xia X, Cvoro A, Winnier G et al. SIRT1 is a Direct Coactivator of Thyroid Hormone Receptor β1 with Gene-Specific Actions. PLoS ONE 2013;8:e70097.
53. Sabir M, Khan Z. Resveratrol and SIRT1 Are Novel Positive Modulators of Vitamin D Signaling Via Apparent Deacetylation of VDR : Late-breaking Bone, Calciotropic Hormones & Vitamin D III. Endocrine Society [Internet] 2015 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/endo-meetings.2015.BCHVD.6.LBS-042
54. Kotas M, Gorecki M, Gillum M. Sirtuin-1 is a nutrient-dependent modulator of inflammation. Adipocyte 2013;2:113-118.
55. Chalkiadaki A, Guarente L. Sirtuins mediate mammalian metabolic responses to nutrient availability. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012;8:287-296.
56. Beane J, Cheng L, Soldi R, Zhang X, Liu G, Anderlind C et al. SIRT1 Pathway Dysregulation in the Smoke-Exposed Airway Epithelium and Lung Tumor Tissue. Cancer Research 2012;72:5702-5711.
57. WHITNEY C. Jeanne Calment, World's Elder, Dies at 122 [Internet]. Nytimes.com2016 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/05/world/jeanne-calment-world-s-elder-dies-at-122.html
Health Benefits of Tobacco
1. Exposure to cigarette smoke was found to have a mitigating effect on radon daughter-induced tumours. 3
2. Smoking has a suppressive effect on radiation-induced pneumonitis.3
3. The risk of developing lung cancer from asbestos exposure was significantly decreased in smokers in six of the studies. 5
4. Smokers showed a significantly decreased inflammatory reaction i.e., reduced levels of mast cells and lymphocytes, compared to both non-smoking controls and patients. 7
5. Miners who were heavily exposed to diesel fumes have three times the higher risk of dying from lung cancer compared with miners with low exposure. Whereas for non-smokers, the risk was seven times higher. 8
6. Doctors are unable to tell you from examining a lung whether or not its former host had smoked. 10
7. Nicotine stimulation plays a key role in suppressing cytokine production, can significantly down-regulate and delay inflammatory and autoimmune responses in the central nervous system, and could further attenuate neuro-inflammation. 13
8. Nicotine treated mice injected with lethal doses of influenza A virus infection also displayed longer survival rates when compared to control groups. 13
9. People who received nicotine performed better on almost every test despite whether they were smokers or not, and this was especially in areas of memory, speed, precision, focus and attention. 14
10. Nicotine users performed significantly better in other areas such as long-term memory, semantic memory, arithmetic & complex calculations, and gross motor skills. 14
11. Smoking delivered nicotine produces improvements in mental efficiency. 15
12. Smoking delivered nicotine is associated with lower levels of social withdrawal, better cognitive function, and blunted emotional and motivational responses. 16
13. Nicotine improves attention in a wide variety of tasks in healthy volunteers. 17
14. Nicotine improves immediate and longer term memory in healthy volunteers. 17
15. Nicotine improves attention in patients with probable Alzheimer's Disease. 17
16. Smokers have significantly lower levels of both types of MAO's (A and B), which means that smoking acts as a natural antidepressant – without any of the horrible side-effects common to many pharmaceuticals. 18
17. Smokers lungs have been found to contain 80% more glutathione than the lungs of non-smokers. 22 It plays a critical role in detoxification processes and is acknowledged as the “mother of all antioxidants. Higher concentrations of glutathione in the lungs offer increased protection against foreign material and pathogenic agents
18. Smoking up-regulates the glutathione adaptive response, COPD is caused by an under active “glutathione adaptive response”, 23 so smoking clearly doesn't cause COPD. It would be logical to assume that smoking can actually prevent COPD.
19. Superoxide dismutase enzyme levels in the blood and saliva were significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers and the controls. 24 This could possibly explain how tobacco smoke manages to prevent lung cancer in those inhalling radiation, exhaust fumes and asbestos.
20. Therapeutic efficacies of carbon monoxide at low concentration (such as in cigarette smoke) have been demonstrated in experimental models of several conditions, including lung injuries, heart, hepatic and renal I-R injuries, as well as inflammation, including arthritis. 26
21. Smokers in the aluminium potroom group had a lower prevalence of respiratory symptoms than never smokers or ex-smokers 27
22. Smoking can strongly decrease someone's risk of developing osteoarthritis 28 and provide some level of protection
23. Smokers demonstrate significant protection at four sites commonly seen in OA patients (knee, spine, hand and foot)29
24. . Smoking also presents a negative correlation with large joint OA and has been shown to decrease the risk of OA in obese individuals 30.
25. When compared with non smokers, former smokers had a 22% lower risk of developing Parkinson's disease, while current smokers had a staggering 73% lower risk 32
26. The more a person smokes, the lower the chances are of contracting Parkinson's disease. 33
27. The risk of Alzheimer's disease decreases with increasing daily number of cigarettes smoked before onset of disease. 35
28. Schizophrenics, 90% of whom smoke, have been shown to be between 30-60% less likely to develop lung and other cancers. 37
29. Current smokers are associated with an approximately 42% reduced risk, of contracting ulcerative colitis, however former smokers are associated with increased risk when compared to non-smokers. 41
30. SIRT1 activity is consistently up-regulated in smokers. This increase in SIRT1 activity may serve as a protective effect against oxidative stress and DNA damage. 56
31. Most of the oldest people in the world were smokers. Example -
Jeanne Louise Calment who smoked from age of 21 until she quit at age 117 and died at age 122. 57
References
1. Whitby W. The Smoking Scare De-bunked [Internet]. [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://wispofsmoke.net/PDFs/Whitby.pdf
2. Fisher R. Smoking, the cancer controversy. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; 1959.
3. Cross F, Palmer R, Filipy R, Dagle G, Stuart B. Carcinogenic Effects of Radon Daughters, Uranium Ore Dust and Cigarette Smoke in Beagle Dogs. Health Physics 1982;42:33-52.
4. Bjermer L, Cai Y, Nilsson K, Hellstrom S, Henriksson R. Tobacco smoke exposure suppresses radiation-induced inflammation in the lung: a study of bronchoalveolar lavage and ultrastructural morphology in the rat [Internet]. 1st ed. [cited 2016 Mar 10]. Available from: http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/6/8/1173.full.pdf
5. Lee P. Relation between exposure to asbestos and smoking jointly and the risk of lung cancer. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;58:145-153.
6. BERRY G. The Interaction of Asbestos and Smoking in Lung Cancer: A Modified Measure of Effect. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2004;48:459-462.
7. Bjermer L, Franzen L, Littbrand B, Nilsson K, Angstrom T, Henriksson R. Effects of Smoking and Irradiated Volume on Inflammatory Response in the Lung of Irradiated Breast Cancer Patients Evaluated with Bronchoalveolar Lavage [Internet]. 1st ed. Cancer Research; 1990 [cited 2016 Mar 10]. Available from: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/50/7/2027.full.pdf
8. Silverman D, Samanic C, Lubin J, Blair A, Stewart P, Vermeulen R et al. The Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study: A Nested Case–Control Study of Lung Cancer and Diesel Exhaust [Internet]. 1st ed. Oxford University Press 2012; 2011 [cited 2016 Mar 10]. Available from: http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/jnci/press_releases/silvermandjs034.pdf
9. Cancer [Internet]. World Health Organization2016 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/
10. Davis F. The Black Lung Lie [Internet]. Frank Davis2012 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: https://cfrankdavis.wordpress.com/2012/08/06/the-black-lung-lie/
11. White R. Smoke Screens: Black Lung [Internet]. Smokescreens.org2016 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://smokescreens.org/chapter1.htm
12. Segura G. Nicotine - The Zombie Antidote [Internet]. Signs Of The Times2012 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://www.sott.net/article/254745-Nicotine-The-Zombie-Antidote
13. Han Y, Lau Y. Nicotine, an anti-inflammation molecule. Inflammation and Cell Signaling 2014;
14. Heishman S, Kleykamp B, Singleton E. Meta-analysis of the acute effects of nicotine and smoking on human performance. Psychopharmacology 2010;210:453-469.
15. Wesnes K, Warburton D. Smoking, Nicotine and Human Performance [Internet]. 1st ed. Pergamon Press Ltd; 1983 [cited 2016 Mar 10]. Available from: https://industrydocuments.library.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=ssnl0112
16. Esterlis I, Ranganathan M, Bois F, Pittman B, Picciotto M, Shearer L et al. In Vivo Evidence for β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Upregulation in Smokers as Compared With Nonsmokers With Schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 2014;76:495-502.
17. Warburton D. Nicotine As A Cognitive Enhancer [Internet]. 1st ed. Department of Psychology, University of Reading: Pergamon Press ltd; 1991 [cited 2016 Mar 10]. Available from: https://www.gwern.net/docs/nicotine/1992-warburton.pdf
18. Fowler J, Volkow N, Wang G, Pappas N, Logan J, Shea C et al. Brain monoamine oxidase A inhibition in cigarette smokers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [Internet] 1996 [cited 2016 Mar 10];93:14065-14069. Available from: http://www.pnas.org/content/93/24/14065.full
19. Milgram N, Racine R, Nellis P, Mendonca A, Ivy G. Maintenance on L-deprenyl prolongs life in aged male rats. [Internet]. PubMed, NCBI1990 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2118586
20. Yen T, Knoll J. Extension of lifespan in mice treated with Dinh lang (Policias fruticosum L.) and (-)deprenyl. [Internet]. PubMed, NCBI1992 [cited 2016 Mar 10];Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1304677
21. Ballatori N, Krance S, Notenboom S, Shi S, Tieu K, Hammond C. Glutathione dysregulation and the etiology and progression of human diseases. Biological Chemistry 2009;390.
22. Cantin A, North S, Hubbard R, Crystal R. Normal alveolar epithelial lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione. Journal of Applied Physiology [Internet] 1987 [cited 2016 Mar 10];63:152-157. Available from: http://jap.physiology.org/content/63/1/152
23. Gould N, Min E, Gauthier S, Martin R, Day B. Lung glutathione adaptive responses to cigarette smoke exposure. Respiratory Research 2011;12:133.
24. Jenifer H, Bhola S, Kalburgi V, Warad S, Kokatnur V. The influence of cigarette smoking on blood and salivary super oxide dismutase enzyme levels among smokers and nonsmokers—A cross sectional study. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2015;5:100-105.
25. Mccusker K, Hoidal J. Selective Increase of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Alveolar Macrophages from Cigarette Smokers and Smoke-exposed Hamsters. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:678-682.
26. Naito Y, Uchiyama K, Takagi T. Therapeutic Potential of Carbon Monoxide (CO) for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Digestion 2015;91.
27. Radon K, Nowak D, Szadkowski D. Lack of combined effects of exposure and smoking on respiratory health in aluminium potroom workers. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;56:468-472.
28. Felson D, Anderson J, Naimark A, Hannan M, Kannel W, Meenan R. Does smoking protect against osteoarthritis?. Arthritis Care Res 1989;32:166-172.
29. Wilder F, Hall B, Barrett J. Smoking and osteoarthritis: Is there an association? The Clearwater Osteoarthritis Study. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003;11:29-35.
30. Sandmark H, Hogstedt C, Lewold S, Vingard E. Osteoarthrosis of the knee in men and women in association with overweight, smoking, and hormone therapy. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1999;58:151-155.
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I found some information that using Tobacco to various way, other than just smoke.
From- Annals of Clinical Laboratory Science
The Use of Tobacco
http://www.annclinlabsci.org/content/40/2/178.full
Tobacco belong to the eggplant family, the beneficial uses of tobacco were almost endless.
Finely ground tobacco, was sniffed as a remedy for colds, headache, and eye problems.
Chewing tobacco was recommended for toothache, gum disease, aches in the throat, and mental depression.
Decanted liquor of boiled tobacco was used internally to treat indigestion, aches in the belly, and urinary obstruction.
Ashes of burned tobacco were mixed with hog grease and applied as an ointment to ulcerated skin, warts, and dermal cancer.
Smoking tobacco was claimed to improve body odor and to prevent the plague. Person of all ages and classes smoked excessively during the great epidemics.
Session 13 Feb 2011
A: Smoking tobacco is a clue and aid.
A: it is not just aliens don't like to eat people that smoke! But from a certain perspective the viruses that cause such illnesses as the Black Death are "alien".
Smoking blown into the ear cured earache and applied to the anus relieved constipation and bloody discharge.
Tobacco that was made into a syrup with honey was used to treat asthma, chest diseases, cough, and syphilis.
As time went by, in 1601, an anonymous pamphlet was distributed in London, described tobacco as a poison, and harmful to body, dried up men's sperm.
In 1604, King James1 of England warn that smoking was harmful to the eye, nose, brain, and lungs and add all kinds of fabrication. And years go by add more, from different people.
From- Annals of Clinical Laboratory Science
The Use of Tobacco
http://www.annclinlabsci.org/content/40/2/178.full
Tobacco belong to the eggplant family, the beneficial uses of tobacco were almost endless.
Finely ground tobacco, was sniffed as a remedy for colds, headache, and eye problems.
Chewing tobacco was recommended for toothache, gum disease, aches in the throat, and mental depression.
Decanted liquor of boiled tobacco was used internally to treat indigestion, aches in the belly, and urinary obstruction.
Ashes of burned tobacco were mixed with hog grease and applied as an ointment to ulcerated skin, warts, and dermal cancer.
Smoking tobacco was claimed to improve body odor and to prevent the plague. Person of all ages and classes smoked excessively during the great epidemics.
Session 13 Feb 2011
A: Smoking tobacco is a clue and aid.
A: it is not just aliens don't like to eat people that smoke! But from a certain perspective the viruses that cause such illnesses as the Black Death are "alien".
Smoking blown into the ear cured earache and applied to the anus relieved constipation and bloody discharge.
Tobacco that was made into a syrup with honey was used to treat asthma, chest diseases, cough, and syphilis.
As time went by, in 1601, an anonymous pamphlet was distributed in London, described tobacco as a poison, and harmful to body, dried up men's sperm.
In 1604, King James1 of England warn that smoking was harmful to the eye, nose, brain, and lungs and add all kinds of fabrication. And years go by add more, from different people.
angelburst29
The Living Force
A vaccine for everything ....
New vaccine pushes immune system to attack nicotine
http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2016/03/14/455576/tobacco-nicotine-cigarette-vaccine/
According to the World Health Organization, tobacco consumption is the leading cause of preventable death across the globe by killing almost six million and causing more than half a trillion dollars of economic damage each year. It also killed nearly 100 million people in the last century and if current trends continue, it will kill about one billion more in the 21st century. These shocking figures along with health warnings make tobacco addicts try to quit smoking, though in most cases they cannot resist the cravings. Some scientists have recently announced that they have found an effective way to fight the nicotine craze.
A group of researchers from the Scripps Institute in California say they have managed to design a vaccine that could make the immune system destroy the molecules of nicotine, the addictive agent of tobacco, before they reach the brain.
The new vaccine is aimed at altering the nicotine molecules so that the antibodies of the immune system could target them, attach to them and delay their effects.
“A major hurdle in the development of the strategy has been to elicit a sufficiently high antibody concentration to curb nicotine distribution to the brain,” researchers noted.
The newly designed vaccine, which has been tested on a group of mice, revealed that it delayed the effects of the addictive agent within the first 10 minutes after injection. The research also showed that the treated mice had lower concentrations of nicotine in their brain.
The findings of the research were published in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.
New vaccine pushes immune system to attack nicotine
http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2016/03/14/455576/tobacco-nicotine-cigarette-vaccine/
According to the World Health Organization, tobacco consumption is the leading cause of preventable death across the globe by killing almost six million and causing more than half a trillion dollars of economic damage each year. It also killed nearly 100 million people in the last century and if current trends continue, it will kill about one billion more in the 21st century. These shocking figures along with health warnings make tobacco addicts try to quit smoking, though in most cases they cannot resist the cravings. Some scientists have recently announced that they have found an effective way to fight the nicotine craze.
A group of researchers from the Scripps Institute in California say they have managed to design a vaccine that could make the immune system destroy the molecules of nicotine, the addictive agent of tobacco, before they reach the brain.
The new vaccine is aimed at altering the nicotine molecules so that the antibodies of the immune system could target them, attach to them and delay their effects.
“A major hurdle in the development of the strategy has been to elicit a sufficiently high antibody concentration to curb nicotine distribution to the brain,” researchers noted.
The newly designed vaccine, which has been tested on a group of mice, revealed that it delayed the effects of the addictive agent within the first 10 minutes after injection. The research also showed that the treated mice had lower concentrations of nicotine in their brain.
The findings of the research were published in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.
angelburst29 said:
Wow, talk about dumbing down the population.
Tobacco and nicotine over any and all vaccines in my book. I've been a lifelong smoker, and besides the vaccines I've given in early childhood, I'll never get another one for anything. Another sign of the times in our upside down world!
Very nice work, Keyhole!
Interesting this part:
I'm going to have to find the studies that industrial hygienists keep referring to in coming up with their standard fear pictures relating to asbestos/smoking - it is certainly not the same as what is referenced below from the reference from the link you provided, which Flashgordonv later summarized (thanks for that):
Interesting this part:
I'm going to have to find the studies that industrial hygienists keep referring to in coming up with their standard fear pictures relating to asbestos/smoking - it is certainly not the same as what is referenced below from the reference from the link you provided, which Flashgordonv later summarized (thanks for that):
Flashgordonv said:
Item 3 should read "The risk of developing lung cancer from asbestos exposure was significantly decreased in smokers ..."
Nienna said:
Many thanks. Appreciated.
