As shown by the research results and analyses of Homeric texts1, feelings form by Homer (IX/VII) a world unfurled on many levels. In antiquity multilevel (i. e. hierarchical) approach to psychic occurrences was elaborated among others by Plato (427-347) (e. g. Symposium, Phaedrus2). In this day and age the concept of multilevelness in the area of feelings was adapted and described more thoroughly in philosophy by a German phenomenologist Max Scheler (1874-1928), and in psychology by a Polish existentialist Kazimierz Dąbrowski (1902-1980).
According to Scheler, there are four well-delineated levels of feeling: (1) sensible feelings, or "feelings of sensation", (2) feelings of the lived body (as states) and feelings of life (as functions), also known as vital feelings, (3) pure psychic feelings (pure feelings of the ego), and (4) spiritual feelings (feelings of the personality)3. For Dąbrowski the most significant aspect of human development is emotional development4, and multilevelness5 is the pivotal concept by the depiction of development.
Modern researchers apply freely the psychological analysis to the examination of contents in Iliad and Odyssey. I shall give only three examples. Georges Devereux showed similarities between the behaviours described in Iliad to those from World War Two6. Jonathan Shay on the other hand has linked the PTSD syndrome (post-traumatic stress disorder) observed by American combat veterans of the Vietnam War to the text of Iliad: Homer has seen things that we in psychiatry and psychology have more or less missed7 Let the third example be an article by T. F. Carney, in which the author shows parallels between the way Iliad influences the listener and what is taking place in psychosynthesis8.
In this paper I want to take note of the presence of Homer in Dąbrowski and the presence of Dąbrowski in Homer. Both approaches are possible, although not identical. Something different is the application of methods and modem psychology concepts, in that case the Dąbrowski's theory of positive disintegration, to Homeric psychology, and something different the verification of modern psychology by the use of tools, the Homeric psychology, on the basis of texts of Iliad and Odyssey, seems to be constructed by.
In my text I give examples of understanding four concepts present by Kazimierz Dąbrowski and their appliances to Homer's texts. They are: klisis & ekklisis, ambitendencies & ambivalences, subject-object in oneself, multilevelness.