Was "Gallic wars" a text similar to the Odyssey - so, describing the Younger Dryas cataclysms?

[palestine]

Hello,

I've been trying to learn more about the Odyssey; it's a process I joined mid-stream. The forum had already uncovered a lot of information—and I hope you'll forgive my frequent posts in the "Troy" thread.

I'm creating a new thread here so I don't have to post in the other one anymore, and also to discuss a more general topic.

Thanks to the C's sessions, we've learned that the Odyssey, like some Indian texts, describes cataclysms—so these accounts need to be transposed.

Ultimately, the underlying story is the destruction of the Atlantis civilization, which occurred in three rows, at intervals of tens of thousands of years.

Indian texts speak of ancient destructions, and also of the last episode, while the Odyssey only recounts the last episode—what we know as the "Younger Dryas," a series of cataclysms that occurred around 10850 BC ("-10850" or "12800 BP").

During my research, I came across the following map:

It comes from the book "The cycle of cosmic catastrophes" by Richard Firestone. He describes the landing of comets from the Younger Dryas around the world. He explains that a large comet broke into several pieces, resulting in approximately five impacts (see the above picture - five main big impacts).

This is representative of the last row of the destruction of Atlantis.

Then, he presents an even more localized map:

I didn't quite understand if these were even smaller fragments, but that's what I assume. So, we would have here a map showing the distribution of comet impacts in Europe. The Scandinavian impact ("five big impacts") is located a bit off this map; this map shows a big one North of Germany (more or less).

While leafing through my copy of Caesar's Gallic Wars, I came across a map: the final battle in the Gallic Wars is Alesia, against the big boss—Vercingetorix



Here are various maps of the fortified city (Alesia) that Caesar besieged and then captured:

That's the very end of the book, "the big one".

When I read about the session of Caesar, I can't help but wonder why and how Caesar produced such a descriptive book about war machines. I mean, the entire book is a military treatise, recounting the advances and retreats of troops, with descriptions of military situations. The book is a long succession of this—and for a Christian, this can be surprising. If Christ/Caesar would leave us a trace about something, he surely wouldn't provide us with such a text!

So I noticed a similarity between R. Firestone's map and the final battle of the Gallic Wars (circle/impact and various external streams):

In addition, here are two maps showing various Gallic wars:

Comparison:

And then I thought: would Caesar recount episodes of comets, just like Homer, and the Indians ("Vedas", "Mahabharata", "Ramayana")? It would make sense, after all. Why would Christ bother to describe "the positioning of his troops", as well as "the sharpness of the barricades", throughout his book?

The hypothesis is that he is recounting cataclysmic events.

I looked in the Odyssey to see if there was any mention of "stones thrown at people." It's taking time, and I'm still at the beginning. I've gotten as far as the part where Odysseus goes to the land of the dead (Persephone). So far, I've found three instances of "stones":

HOMER - "The Odyssey"
the odyssey of homer : george herbert palmer, n.c wyeth : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

"...tearing off the top of a high hill, he flung it at us. It fell before the dark-bowed ship a little space, but failed to reach the rudder's tip. The sea surged underneath the stone as it came down, and swiftly toward the land the wash of water swept us, like a flood-tide from the deep, and forced us back to shore"

"...once more picking up a stone much larger than before, the Cyclops swung and sent it, putting forth stupendous power. It fell behind the dark-bowed ship a little space, but failed to reach the rudder's tip. The sea surged underneath the stone as it came down, but the wave swept us forward and forced us to the shore"

the mighty Laestrygonians gathered from here and there, seeming not men but giants. Then from the rocks they hurled down ponderous stones; and soon among the ships arose a dreadful din of dying men and crashing ships

The first two quotes are when Odysseus visits the Cyclops' island (point 4 on the following map - "At the cyclop Polyphemus"), and the second occurrence is a little later, when he finds himself among cannibals (point 6 - "At the cannibal giants"):

I had a look in the Gallic wars, to see if there were descriptions of stone throwings. I found five.

Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic war : literally translated, with explanatory notes - Liceu Phelipense : Liceu Phelipense : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

BOOK 1.
Chap. XLVI

While these things are being transacted in the conference, it was announced to Cesar that the cavalry of Ariovistus were approaching nearer the mound, and were riding up to our men, and casting stones and weapons at them.

It's near Vesontio / Besançon (France)


BOOK 2.
Chap. VI

There was a town of the Remi, by name Bibrax,* eight miles distant from this camp. This the Belge on their march began to attack with great vigour. [The assault} was with difficulty sustained for that day. The Gauls’ mode of besieging is the same as that of the Belge: when after laving drawn a large number of men around the whole of the fortifications, stones have begun to be cast against the wall on all sides, and the wall has been stript of its defenders, [then |, forming a testudo, they advance to the gates and undermine the wall: which was easily effected on this occasion; for while so large a number were casting stones and darts, no one; was able to maintain his position upon the wall.

* Bibrax, Bièvre, a town of the Remi, on the Aisne, must net be confounded with Bibracte, one of the largest and richest towns of the Aedui.

So, Bibrax. Bibracte is another city, near Alesia. Bibrax is Northeast of Paris. I will show both on a map, right after.

BOOK 3
Chap. IV

A short time only having elapsed, so that time was scarcely given for arranging and executing those things which they had determined on, the enemy, upon the signal being given, rushed down [upon our men] from all parts, and discharged stones and darts upon our rampart. Our men at first, while their strength was fresh, resisted bravely, nor did they cast any weapon ineffectually from their higher station.

<> Octodure / Martigny (Switzerland)


BOOK 7
Chap. XXII

To the extraordinary valour of our soldiers, devices of every sort were opposed by the Gauls; since they are a nation of consummate ingenuity, and most skilful in imitating and making those things which are imparted by any one; for they turned aside the hooks* with nooses, and when they had caught hold of them firmly, drew them on by means of engines, and undermined the mound the more skilfully on this account, because there are in their territories extensive iron mines, and consequently every description of mining operations is known and practised by them. They had furnished, moreover, the whole wall on every side with turrets, and had covered them with skins. Besides, in their frequent sallies by day and night, they attempted either to set fire to the mound, or attack our soldiers when engaged in the works; and, moreover, by splicing the upright, timbers of their own towers, they equalled the height of ours, as fast as the mound had daily raised them, and countermined our mines, and impeded the working of them by stakes bent and sharpened at the ends, and boiling pitch, and stones of very great weight, and prevented them from approaching the walls.

<> Avaricum / Bourges ? (Not sure but I think this is it)

BOOK 7
Chap. LXXXI

The Gauls, after the interval of a day, and after making, during that time, an immense number of hurdles, scaling ladders, and iron hooks, silently went forth from the camp at midnight and approached tke fortifications in the plain. Raising a shout suddenly, that by this intimation those who were besieged in the town might learn their arrival, they began to cast down hurdles and dislodge our men from the rampart by slings, arrows, and stones, and executed the other movements which are requisite in storming. At the same time, Vercingetorix, having heard the shout, gives the signal to his troops by a trumpet, and leads them forth from the town. Our troops, as each man’s post had been assigned him some days before, man the fortifications ; they intimidate the Gauls by slings, large stones, stakes which they had placed along the works, and bullets.

The last one is at Alesia, the final battle.

This produces the following map:

From left to right:

• Bourges
• Bibrax
• Bibracte
• Alesia
• Besançon
• Martigny

We'll consider the above green dot (Bibrax), but I leave the second one (Bibracte) on the map.

Now let's have a look at the following map:

It is an illustration of Odysseus' travels.

Let's crop here:

Let's see if we can make it fit:

Four matching dots - that's quite interesting. And I did not arrange myself so as to absolutely produce this. Just put in on, adjusting the width. So, no trichery here!

The above picture is this (one mirror flip, then some rotation):

To show the reader what this is, here is another illustration:

So I just grabbed the locations from the Odyssey (Italy map), and tried to see if there was a match with Caesar (map of France).

dots on the Odyssey map	Odyssey' locations	Caesar locations
dot n°6 (above, it's on the right)	Cannibal giants	Martigny episode (book 3, chap. 4)
dot n°7	Circe the magician	Vesontio / Besançon (book 1 chap 46)
dot n°8	Sirens	Alesia (book 7 chapter 81)
dot n°9 (above, it's the left dot)	Carybde & Scylla	Avaricum / Bourges (book 7, chapter 22)

So, no cyclops (dot n°4).

I was happy to find the narrative of the Odyssey, with stones. I was telling myself: "if Caesar is a match, the cyclop will be a match". No luck on that one, it's the giants, Circe, the Sirens and another episode. Nevertheless, episodes of stones are still the glue here.

I did not make it that far, to the Sirens, and to Carybde & Scylla. I don't know if there are "stones". At Circe, I found nothing.

1. My initial approach was based on the idea that ancient texts could describe something other than what they initially appear to say.
2. From there, I thought, "Why not Caesar?"
3. I grabbed my "Gallic wars" book, went at the end and stared at the illustrations. I noticed that the map of Alesia was similar to the R. Firestone illustration of European cometary impacts.
4. And then, I noticed how basic and military "Gallic wars" was.

After this, it was a matter of crossing the references, keeping in mind the hypothesis that both authors (Homer, Sallust/Caesar) would be describing the same history.

That's the procedure I followed.

And, really, when I layered the dots of the Odyssey, to my amazement, it was matching the locations of Caesar.

Objectivity could be lost during the process - I fully accept it. I am sorry if this is the case. I don't want to "bet" on anything, here. It's just what I found out. If there is nothing, that's fine for me. I just wanted to keep track of this, because I am really not sure that there is nothing.

I hope I won't be put on a diet of baked noodles!

 

[palestine]

ENGLISH (French right after) / Anglais d'abord, version française plus bas!

---

I continued my research and here's what I found.

Around 10,850 BC, there was a cometary bombardment; it was called the Younger Dryas. It appears that a large comet broke into five pieces.

Here is researcher Richard Firestone, who identified the impacts as follows:

(from the book "The Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes")

We can see an impact in Finland.

Richard Firestone also identified other impacts—perhaps from smaller comets. These may be fragments of the larger ones.

Here is an impact zone he identified:

We could speculate if this is the impact in Finland.

Later, to corroborate his hypotheses, Richard Firestone analyzed rocks found in these locations. He detected the presence of nanodiamonds. So this is a study on comet impacts, which create special diamonds.

Here is a map showing the excavation sites:

https://www.researchgate.net/public...tent_with_Major_Cosmic_Impact_at_12800_Cal_BP

I will be focusing on the European sites, as well as the Spanish and Syrian sites. I've created a more precise map with these locations:

17​	Watcombe Bottom, Isle of Wight​	United Kingdom​
18​	Lommel​	Belgium​
19​	Ommen​	Belgium (Netherlands?)​
20​	Lingen​	Germany​
21​	El Puig de Santa Maria​	Spain​
22​	Abu Hureyra​	Syria​
e​	Lommel​	Belgium​
f​	Aalsterhut​	Netherlands​

Here is the above map, more precise:

So we have a glimpse of comet impacts during the Younger Dryas in Europe. Let's look at a site in Spain, then another in Syria. This means that the comets that struck during the Younger Dryas period left traces in those locations. I understand that there were impacts in those places.

Homer's Odyssey

The C sessions indicated that the Odyssey, written by Homer, actually recounts this period of destruction. Odysseus is a fictional character – and it's difficult to determine the extent of the fiction in relation with the cataclysms.

The Odyssey tells the story of Odysseus's wanderings after a great war. He roams the seas, and here is a diagram illustrating his movements:

We can observe a concentration zone here:

I'm showing you this zone because it will be useful later—but the whole overview is also important.

Iman Wilken is an author who has studied the Iliad and the Odyssey. Before her, few researchers questioned this map of Odysseus's voyages. Until then, Troy was located in Turkey.

Iman Wilken studied many variables: plants, rivers, and others, present in Homer's stories. This allowed her to propose a different topology for Odysseus's voyages. Here is what she suggests:

It's quite similar to the blue map, picturing Odysseus' trips, but Iman Wilken has relocated the whole mapping (and more correctly).

It seems she has succeeded in showing that the starting point of Ulysses' adventures (so, "the comets") is located in southern Scandinavia. We have observed how the Scandinavian impact is situated, according to R. Firestone, in Finland.

Iman Wilken conducted several analyses to create her map. She explains, for example, that Homer's narrative mentions "eight rivers." Yet, she connects these eight rivers to England.

I found this:

"The eight river basin districts in Finland (including Åland)"
https://www.researchgate.net/figure...cts-in-Finland-including-Aland_fig1_263503812

I don't know, of course, if Homer was referring to Finland—the origin of the main impact—when he spoke of "eight rivers." I've done some superficial research, and Iman Wilken might be right. But why does she place Odysseus's starting point further south than it actually is? I don't know.

Thanks to the C's, we know that the Odyssey is a transcription of comet impacts (they said, "of cataclysms").

We can verify this by putting the maps together:

And then:

The voyages of Ulysses, which are concentrated in Italy, seem to correspond to the cometary impacts in Northern Europe.

We can also observe a correspondence with Spain and Syria.

I'm sorry, it's not easy to produce something clear. These maps would need to be redrawn.

Caesar

I found a similar phenomenon in Caesar's work, specifically in Suetonius's "Gallic Wars," which recounts Caesar's conquests in Gaul. The narrative describes frequent uprisings and Julius Caesar's subjugation of all of Europe. The story culminates with the last great insurrectionist—Vercingetorix—and the battle at Alesia.

If Homer's narrative is a transposition of comet episodes, there should be some clues. Indeed, there are episodes in which Odysseus is pelted with stones. The size of the stones varies! There's a Cyclops who tears off the top of a hill. There aren't that many such instances, and I noted a few in my previous post.

In Caesar's work, I found five instances of stone-throwing. There are occasional mentions of "walls made of large stones," etc., but I focused on the passages that referred to "stone-throwing." We therefore find battles, and I focused on those during which Caesar's soldiers were pelted with stones. This allowed me to create the following map:

From left to right:

Bourges (Avaricum) – Bibracte – Alesia – Besançon (Vesontio) – Martigny (Octodure)

We find a similar grouping to this one:

And if we superimpose them, here's what we get:

There seem to be some correspondences.

This map suggests that Suetonius's account could be descriptive of Odysseus's voyages.
<>
While Odysseus is representative of comet impacts, we could suggest that Caesar's battles are descriptions of comet impacts.

Note: Caesar's main battles are more numerous than these five blue dots, which represent the account that mentions "stone throwing." At yellow point #5, there is the town of Bibrax, which was a battleground during the Gallic Wars. I have not included it.

I tried to keep my presentation as simple as possible, and I hope you found it interesting (and that it's accurate!). Thank you for reading!

Note: It has been said by the C's that Indian texts also recount events of the Younger Dryas. I suppose that compiling episodes of stone-throwing, then creating a basic map based on their locations, could illustrate comet impacts. Perhaps for India—but not Europe.

All credit goes to the forum. I simply applied the methods and knowledge available here, discovered by others.

---

FRENCH - FRANCAIS

J’ai poursuivi les recherches et voici ce que j’ai trouvé.

Vers 10850 avant J.-C., il y a eu un bombardement cométaire ; cela a été appelé « le Younger Dryas ». Il semble qu’une grosse comète se soit fragmentée en cinq morceaux.

Voici le chercheur Richard Firestone qui identifie les impacts comme suit :

( livre « The cycle of cosmic catastrophes »)

Nous apercevons un impact en Finlande.

Richard Firestone a aussi identifié qu’il y a eu d’autres impacts – peut-être dus à des comètes moins grandes. Il se peut que cela soit des morceaux des grandes.

Voici une zone d’impact qu’il a identifié :

Nous pourrions spéculer si cela est l’impact de la Finlande.

Plus tard, pour corroborer ses hypothèses, Richard Firestone a effectué des analyses sur des roches présentes dans ces endroits. Il a relevé la présence de nanodiamants. C'est donc une étude sur les impacts de comètes, qui créent des diamants spéciaux.

Voici une carte qui montre les sites de fouilles :
https://www.researchgate.net/public...tent_with_Major_Cosmic_Impact_at_12800_Cal_BP

Je vais m’intéresser à l’Europe, mais aussi le site espagnol et syrien. J’ai refait une carte plus précise avec ces emplacements :

17​	Watcombe Bottom, Isle of Wight​	United Kingdom​
18​	Lommel​	Belgium​
19​	Ommen​	Belgium (Netherlands?)​
20​	Lingen​	Germany​
21​	El Puig de Santa Maria​	Spain​
22​	Abu Hureyra​	Syria​
e​	Lommel​	Belgium​
f​	Aalsterhut​	Netherlands​

Voici la carte ci-dessus, plus précise:

Nous avons donc un aperçu d’impacts de comètes durant le Younger Dryas en Europe. Observons un site en Espagne, puis un autre en Syrie. cela signifie que les comètes qui ont frappé durant le Younger Dryas - ont impacté laissé des traces à ces endroits-là. Je comprend qu'il y a eu des impacts à ces endroits.

Odyssée d’Homère

Les sessions des C ont indiqué que le récit de l’Odyssée, écrit par Homère, relatait en réalité cette période de destruction. Ulysse est un personnage fictif – et il est délicat d’identifier l’étendue de la fiction.

Le récit de l’Odyssée nous narre les errances d’Ulysse, après une grande guerre. Il erre sur les mers, et voici un schéma qui illustre ses déplacements :

Nous pouvons observer une zone de concentration ici :

Je vous montre cette zone parce que que cela me sera utile par la suite – mais le tout est aussi important.

Iman WILKEN est une auteure qui a étudié l’Illiade et l’Odyssée. Avant elle, il y avait peu de chercheurs qui remettaient en question cette carte des voyages d’Ulysse. Jusqu’à lors, Troie était en Turquie.

Iman WILKEN a étudié beaucoup de variables : les plantes, les rivières, et d’autres, présents dans les récits d’Homère. Cela lui a permis de se prononcer sur une topologie différente des voyages d’Ulysse. Voici ce qu’elle propose :

C’est assez similaire à la carte bleue, mais Iman WILKEN a relocalisé le tout.

Il semble qu’elle soit parvenue à montrer que le point de départ des aventures d’Ulysse (<> « des comètes ») se situe vers la sud de la Scandinavie. Nous avons observé combien l’impact scandinave se situati, d’après R. Firestone – en Finlande.

Iman WILKEN a procédé à plusieurs analyses pour constituer sa carte. Elle explique par exemple que le récit d’Homère parle de « huit rivières ». Pourtant, elle rattache les huit rivières à l’Angleterre.

J’ai trouvé cela :

"Les huits bassins de rivières de la Finlande »
https://www.researchgate.net/figure...cts-in-Finland-including-Aland_fig1_263503812

J’ignore bien sûr si Homère se référait à la Finlande – donc l’origine de l’impact principal – quand il parlait de « huit rivières ». J’ai effectué des recherches superficielles, et il se peut qu’Iman WILKEN ait raison. Mais pourquoi donc localise-t’elle le point de départ d’Ulysse plus bas que ce qui est ? Je l’ignore.

Grâce aux données des C, nous savons donc que l’Odyssée est une transcription d’impacts de comètes (ils ont dit, « de cataclysmes »).

Nous pouvons vérifier cela en rassemblant les cartes :

Et puis :

Les voyages d’Ulysse, qui ont une concentration en Italie, se retrouvent d’après les impacts cométaires du Nord de l’Europe.

On peut aussi constater une correspondance avec l’Espagne et la Syrie.

Je suis désolé, ce n’est pas facile de produire quelque chose de clair. Il faudrait refaire ces cartes.

César et la guerre des Gaules

J’ai trouvé un phénomène similaire chez César, soit dans le livre « la guerre des Gaules », écrit par Suétone et qui relate les conquêtes de César en Gaule. Le récit parle d’insurrections fréquentes, et de Jules César qui vient à bout de toute l’Europe. Le récit culmine avec le dernier grand insurrectioniste – Vercingétorix, et une bataille à Alésia.

Si le récit d’Homère est une translation d’épisodes de comètes, il devrait y avoir des indices. Il y a effectivement des épisodes durant lesquels Ulysse se fait jeter des pierres dessus. La taille varie ! Il y a un cyclope qui arrache le sommêt d’une colline. Il n’y en a pas tant que cela et j’ai relevé quelques occurrences dans mon post précédent.

Chez César, j’ai trouvé cinq occurrences de jets de pierre. Il y a parfois des mentions de « murailles faites de grosses pierres », etc, mais j’ai regardé les passages qui faisaient état de « jets de pierre ». On trouve donc des combats, et j’ai retenu ceux durant lesquels les soldats de César reçoivent des pierres. Cela m’a permis de constituer la carte suivante :

De gauche à droite :
Bourges (Avaricum) – Bibracte – Alésia – Besançon (Vesontio) – Martigny (Octodure)

On retrouve un rregroupement similaire à celui-ci :

Et si on les superpose voici ce que cela donne :

Il semble y avoir des correspondances.

Cette carte signifie que le récit de Suétone pourrait être descriptif des voyages d’Ulysse.

Alors que ce dernier est représentatif d’impacts de comètes – nous pourrions suggérer que les batailles de César sont des descriptions d’impacts de comètes.

Note: les batailles principales de César sont plus nombreuses que ces cinqpoints bleus, qui témoignent du récit qui fait mention de « jetsde pierre ». Au point jaune n°5, il y a la ville Bibrax, quiest un théâtre de bataille durant la guerre des Gaules. Je ne l’aipas inclus.

J'ai essayé de rester le plus simple possible dans ma présentation et j'espère que cela vous aura intéressé (et que c'est juste!). Merci de votre lecture!

Note: il a été dit, par les C's, que les textes indiens relataient aussi les évènements du Younger Dryas. Je suppose que rassembler les épisodes de jets de pierre, puis constituer une carte basique d'après la localisation de ces derniers, pourra illustrer des impacts de comètes. Peut-être pour l'Inde - et non l'Europe.

Tout le crédit revient au forum. J'ai simplement appliqué les méthodes et connaissances disponibles ici, découvertes par d'autres.

 

[palestine]

For the record, here is the picture which prompted me to suspect that the Gallic wars was a narrative about the Younger Dryas comets:

The Alesia battle - it looks like a cometary impact

 

[palestine]

Hello,I wanted to make a few updates to my previous posts.

A correction, and also data for the study of the Younger Dryas, Caesar and the Odyssey.

1)
After further consideration, superposing the following picture is not valid:

This image speculates on Odysseus's journey, based on a literal interpretation. The problem is that there are dozens of different maps like this one, with variations in locations, and so on.Therefore, I can't rely on the spacing of the dots to determine anything.

That's what I did with Caesar—and so I'm abandoning that idea.

However, I do not abandon the idea that the Gallic Wars may relate episodes of cataclysms.

2)
I've compiled a clean list of the locations that Richard Firestone identifies as comet impacts (Younger Dryas) - here's the table:

[td]

Wally’s Beach​

[/td]​

[td]

CANADA​

[/td]​

[td]

Alberta​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

49.34183N​

[/td]​

[td]

113.15440W​

[/td]​

[td]

Howard Bay​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

NC​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

34.81417N​

[/td]​

[td]

78.84753W​

[/td]​

[td]

Lk Mattamuskeet​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

LM​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

35.51865N​

[/td]​

[td]

76.267917W​

[/td]​

[td]

Myrtle Beach​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

SC​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

33.83776N​

[/td]​

[td]

78.69565W​

[/td]​

[td]

Myrtle Beach​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

SC​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

33.81883N​

[/td]​

[td]

78.74181W​

[/td]​

[td]

Myrtle Beach​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

SC​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

33.83118N​

[/td]​

[td]

78.72379W​

[/td]​

[td]

Myrtle Beach​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

SC​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

33.84034N​

[/td]​

[td]

78.70906W​

[/td]​

[td]

Salters Lake​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

NC​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

34.70992N​

[/td]​

[td]

78.62043W​

[/td]​

[td]

Lumberton​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

NC​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

34.75566N​

[/td]​

[td]

79.10870W​

[/td]​

[td]

Lumberton​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

NC​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

34.77766N​

[/td]​

[td]

79.05008W​

[/td]​

[td]

Lumberton​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

NC​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

34.78117N​

[/td]​

[td]

79.04774W​

[/td]​

[td]

Lumberton​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

NC​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

34.79324N​

[/td]​

[td]

79.01871W​

[/td]​

[td]

Moore city​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

NC​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

35.30104N​

[/td]​

[td]

78.84753W​

[/td]​

[td]

Sewell​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

NC​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

34.95800N​

[/td]​

[td]

78.70280W​

[/td]​

[td]

Lake Phelps​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

LP​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

35.78412N​

[/td]​

[td]

76.434383W​

[/td]​

[td]

Flamingo bay​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

South Carolina​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

33°20′14.13″N​

[/td]​

[td]

81°40′42.33″ W​

[/td]​

[td]

Parsons Island​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

Maryland​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

38°54′31.24″N;​

[/td]​

[td]

76°14′47.27″ W​

[/td]​

[td]

Pilauco​

[/td]​

[td]

CHILE​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

40°34′12″S​

[/td]​

[td]

73°06′14″W​

[/td]​

[td]

Abu Hureyra​

[/td]​

[td]

SYRIA​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

35.8667000°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

38.400000°E​

[/td]​

[td]

Arlington canyon​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

33.988587°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

120.158047°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Aalsterhut​

[/td]​

[td]

NETHERLANDS​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

≈51.427254°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

≈5.585360°E​

[/td]​

[td]

Big Eddy​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

Missouri​

[/td]​

[td]

Cedar county​

[/td]​

[td]

37.736470°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

93.786128°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Bull creek​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

Oklahoma​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

≈36.64000°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

≈100.85000°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Daisy cave​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

California​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

34.042070°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

120.320090°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Lake Hind​

[/td]​

[td]

CANADA​

[/td]​

[td]

Manitoba​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

49.440000°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

100.697700°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Lingen​

[/td]​

[td]

GERMANY​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

52.5087510°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

7.3138820°E​

[/td]​

[td]

Sheriden cave​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

Ohio​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

40.965055°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

83.426038°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Barber creek​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

North Carolina​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

35.6000592°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

77.303636°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Blackwater Drawn / Draw​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

New Mexico​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

34.275687°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

103.326101°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Indian creek​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

Montana​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

46.314439°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

111.630274°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Lindenmeier​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

Colorado​

[/td]​

[td]

Larimer county​

[/td]​

[td]

40.976424°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

105.104108°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Murray Springs​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

Arizona​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

31.570912°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

110.177996°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Santa Maria​

[/td]​

[td]

SPAIN​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

Alicante province​

[/td]​

[td]

38.7302850°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

0.2150870°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Talega​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

South California​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

33.470292°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

117.600471°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Topper​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

South Carolina​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

33.005763°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

81.489266°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Blackville​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

South Carolina​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

33.361545°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

81.304348°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Lake Cuitzeo​

[/td]​

[td]

MEXICO​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

19.936516°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

101.155676°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Lommel​

[/td]​

[td]

BELGIUM​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

51.2362310°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

5.2546860°E​

[/td]​

[td]

Melrose​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

Pennsylvania​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

41.925410°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

75.510436°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Mucuñuque​

[/td]​

[td]

VENEZUELA​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

8.7757910°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

70.8181220°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Ommen​

[/td]​

[td]

NETHERLANDS​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

52.5269500°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

6.3635170°E​

[/td]​

[td]

Chobot​

[/td]​

[td]

CANADA​

[/td]​

[td]

Alberta​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

52.956004°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

114.734872°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Gainey​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

Michigan​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

42.885973°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

83.614324°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Kangerlussuaq​

[/td]​

[td]

GREENLAND​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

67.156400°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

50.023300°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Kimbel bay​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

North Carolina​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

34.981811°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

78.776820°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Morley Drumlin​

[/td]​

[td]

CANADA​

[/td]​

[td]

Alberta​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

51.145737°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

114.866317°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Mt. Viso​

[/td]​

[td]

FRANCE / ITALY​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

≈44.698750°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

≈7.0345750°E​

[/td]​

[td]

Newtonville​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

New Jersey​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

39.569579°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

74.910859°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Paw Paw cove​

[/td]​

[td]

USA​

[/td]​

[td]

Maryland​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

38.697466°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

76.342255°W​

[/td]​

[td]

Watcombe Bottom, Isle of Wight​

[/td]​

[td]

UNITED KINGDOM​

[/td]​

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

50.593900°N,​

[/td]​

[td]

1.230800°W​

[/td]​

Richard Firestone has written various articles on this subject and I have compiled the locations he mentions; some show traces of strong impacts, others are uncertain.

I made a map using mapping software; I can't seem to export it properly. At least someone interested in the YD impacts will have specific points of reference with the list above.

Ideally, we would need a pre-impact world map. Landmasses were different then—and it's precisely these landmasses that we should be able to pinpoint.

The locations in the list above are the places today that have meteorite traces—but that doesn't mean that simply compiling them will give an objective picture of the impacts (because the impact patterns were different—here we're talking about the "remains").

 

[palestine]

3)
In Iman Wilkens' book on Troy, there is a suggested map for Odysseus's voyages, right at the end - here it is:


The map used in my previous posts, from Iman WIlkens, was about the Illiad. Sorry.

4)
Here is a table of episodes mentioning stones, rocks, etc. - in the Odyssey:

The Odyssey of Homer. Translated by George Herbert Palmer : Homer : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

26

archive.org

https://archive.org/details/odysseyhomerboo00palmgoog/mode/2up?q=%22and+this+small+rock+holds+back+the+heavy%22

ROCKS	ROCK	STONES	STONE	STONE’S	MISSILE	THE TOP OF A HILL	page	book	verse
	where the south wind drives in the heavy waves on the western point toward Phaestus, and this small rock holds back the heavy wave						38	3	295
		Soon as the early rosy-fingered dawn appeared, the Gerenian horseman Nestor rose from bed, and coming forth sat down on the smooth stones					41	3	406
At first Poseidon wrecked him on the great rocks of Gyrae, but saved him from the sea							60	4	499
	Poseidon heard his haughty boasting, and straightway, grasping the trident in his sturdy hands, he smote the rock of Gyrae, splitting it open						60	4	507
And yet by night he always lay, though by constraint, within the hollow grotto, unwilling by her willing side ; but in the daytime, sitting on the rocks and sands							76	5	156
	If I should try to land, great sweeping waves might dash me on the solid rock ; useless would the attempt be !						84	5	415
	Struggling, he grasped the rock with both his hands and clung there, groaning, till the great wave passed						85	5	427
And just as, when a polyp is torn from out its bed, about its suckers clustering pebbles cling, so on the rocks pieces of skin were stripped from his strong hand							85	5	432
		But when, as he swam, he reached the mouth of a fair-flowing river, there the ground seemed most fit, for it was clear of stones and sheltered from the breeze					85	5	442
			Beyond is the assembly near the beautiful grounds of Poseidon, constructed out of blocks of stone deeply imbedded				96	6	267
Here, as I tried to land, the waves upon the shore might well have overcome me, casting me on great rocks and on forbidding ground							107	7	278
		I reached a stream where the ground seemed most fit, so clear of stones and sheltered from the breez					107	7	280
		When they were come, they took their seats on polished stones, set side by side					110	8	6
			This with a twist he sent from his stout hand. The stone hummed as it went ; down to the ground crouched the Phaeacian oarsmen,				116	8	190
				notable men at sea, at the stone's cast. Past all the marks it flew, swift speeding from his hand			116	8	192
Three plans were finding favor: either to split the hollow trunk with rutliless axe ; or else to drag it to the height and hurl it down the rocks ; or still to spare the monstrous image, as a propitiation of the god							125	8	508
		Here is a quiet harbor, never needing moorings, — throwing out anchor-stones or fastening cables, — but merely to run in and wait awhile till sailor hearts are ready and the winds are blowin					133	9	138
			Around was built a yard with a high wall of deep-embedded stone, tall pines, and crested oaks				134	9	185
			And now he set in place the huge door-stone, lifting it high in air, a ponderous thing ;				136	9	240
	no two and twenty carts, stanch and four-wheeled, could start it from the ground ; such was the rugged rock he set against the door						136	9	242
The Earth-shaker, Poseidon, wrecked my ship and cast her on the rocks at the land's end, drifting her on a headland ; the wind blew from the sea							137	9	284
			for we could never with our hands have pushed from the lofty door the enormous stone which he had set against it. Thus then with sighs we awaited sacred dawn				138	9	305
			And when the meal was ended, he drove from the cave his sturdy flock, and easily moved the huge door-stone ;				138	9	313
			Again he set in place the huge door-stone, lifting it high in air, and, sitting down, he milked the ewes and bleating goats,				139	9	340
	A hideous roar he raised ; the rock resounded ; we hurried off in terror						141	9	395
			But now the Cyclops, groaning and in agonies of anguish, by groping with his hands took the stone off the door, yet sat himself inside the door with hands outstretched, to catch whoever ventured forth				141-142	9	416
						tearing off the top of a high hill, he flung it at us. It fell before the dark-bowed ship a little space, but failed to reach the rudder's tip.	144	9	482
			The sea surged underneath the stone as it came down, and swiftly toward the land the wash of water swept us, like a flood-tide from the deep, and forced us back to shore				144	9	485
					O reckless man, why seek to vex this savage, who even now, hurling his missile in the deep, drove the ship back to shore ?		144	9	495
			And had he heard a man make but a sound or speak, he would have crushed our heads and our ships' beams, by hurling jagged granite stone ; for he can throw so far				144	9	499
			once more picking up a stone much larger than before, the Cyclops swung and sent it, putting forth stupendous power. It fell behind the dark-bowed ship a little space, but failed to reach the rudder's tip.				145	9	537
			The sea surged underneath the stone as it came down, but the wave swept us forward and forced us to the shore				145	9	541
	Now when we reached the splendid harbor, — round which the rock						149	10	87
	I alone posted my black ship without the harbor, there at the point, lashing my cables to the rock.						150	10	96
Then from the rocks							151	10	121
		they hurled down ponderous stones ; and soon among the ships arose a dreadful din of dying men and crashing ships					151-152	10	121
			Within the glades they found the house of Circe, built of smooth stone upon commanding ground. All round about were mountain wolves and lions,				153	10	210
			through the thicket and found within the glades a beautiful house, built of smooth stone upon commanding ground.				154-155	10	254
	There is a spot where into Acheron run Pyriphlegethon and Cocytus, a stream which is an offshoot of the waters of the Styx ; a rock here forms the meeting-point of the two roaring rivers.						162	10	514
			And Sisyphus I saw in bitter pains, forcing a monstrous stone along with both his hand.				182	11	596
			Tugging with hand and foot, he pushed the stone upward along a hill.				182-183	11	597
			But when he thought to heave it on clean to the summit, a mighty power would turn it back ; and so once more down to the ground the wicked stone would tumble. Again he strained to push it back ;				183	11	600
			After the dead was burned and the armor of the dead man, we raised a mound, and dragged a stone upon it, and fixed on the mound's highest point his shapely oar.				185	12	14
	This way not even winged things can pass, — no, not the gentle doves which bear ambrosia to father Zeus ; but one of them the smooth rock always draws away, though the father puts another in to fill the number.						187	12	64
and her the waves would soon have dashed on the great rocks, but Here brought her through from love of Jason							187	12	71
	No mortal man could clamber up or down it, though twenty hands and feet were his ; for the rock is smooth, as it were polished						187	12	77
	For if you arm and linger by the rock, I fear that, issuing forth once more, she may attack you with her many heads and carry off as many men.						188	12	122
	I looked for the first sight of Scylla of the rock, who brought my men disaster.						192	12	231
	But when she gulped the salt seawater down, then all within seemed in a whirl ; the rock around roared fearfully, and down below the bottom showed, dark with the sand.						192	12	242
	They screamed aloud and called my name for the last time, in agony of heart. As when a fisher, on a jutting rock, with long rod throws a bait to lure the little fishes, casting into the deep the horn of stall-fed ox						192	12	252
even so were these drawn writhing up the rocks. There at her door she ate them, loudly shrieking and stretching forth their hands in mortal pangs towards me							192	12	255
Now after we had passed the rocks of dire Charybdis and of Scylla, straight we drew near the pleasant island of the god							193	12	256
			The other men took places at the pins, each one in order, and loosed the cable from the perforated stone. But now when bending to their work they tossed the water with their oars				201	13	77
			Within the cave are bowls and jars of stone, and here bees hive their hone				202	13	104
			Long looms of stone are here, where nymphs weave purple robes, a marvel to behold. Here are ever-flowing spring				202	13	105
			When all the people of the town look off and see her sailing, then turn her into stone close to the shore, — yet like a swift ship still				203	13	156
			Then as the sea-borne ship drew near, running full swiftly, the Earth-shaker drew near her too, turned her to stone and rooted her to the bottom, forcing her under with his outspread hand,				204	13	163
Thus to its master all the land looked strange, — the footpaths stretching far away, the sheltered coves, steep rocks, and spreading tree							205	13	196
			All these were laid away with care, and at the entrance a stone was set by Pallas Athene, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus				210	13	371
			With his own hands the swineherd built it for the swine after his lord was gone, without assistance from the queen or old Laertes, constructing it with blocks of stone and coping it with thorn				213	14	11
		Scolding the dogs, he drove them off this way and that with showers of stones					214	14	36
	And first Eumaeus slung a sharp-edged sword about his sturdy shoulders, put on his storm-proof shaggy coat, picked up the fleece of a large full-grown goat, took a sharp spear to keep off dogs and men, and went away to rest where lay the white-toothed swine under a hollow rock, sheltered from Boreas.						229	14	533
			So saying, Eumaeus took Telemachus' brazen spear, and Telemachus went in and over the stone threshold				249	16	40
			he took his spear and set it up by a tall pillar, while he himself went farther in and over the stone threshold				264	17	29
			Now as they walked along the rugged road, nearing the city, they reached a stone-built fountain, running clear, from which the towns - folk draw their wate				269	17	205
	There was a grove of stream-fed poplars, encircling it, and from the rock above ran the cool water, while at the top was built an altar to the nymphs						269	17	209
			But do not linger long, or somebody may spy you at the door and throw a stone or strike you				271	17	280
	Firm as a rock he stood ; the missile of Antinoüs did not move him						277	17	464
		Stranger, if I would take you, would you like to work for hire on the outskirts of my farm, — there will be pay enough, — gathering stones for walls and setting out tall trees					293	18	360
	Tell me the lineage of which you come. You are not born of immemorial oak or rock."						301	19	164
	Then answered heedful Euryeleia : " My child, what word has passed the barrier of your teeth ? You know how steadfast, how inflexible my spirit is. I shall hold fast like stubborn rock or iron						311	19	495
			And now Telemaehus, with cfafty purpose, seated Odysseus within the stately hall by the stone threshold, providing him a common bench and little table				323	20	258
			Take care, or I, a nimbler man than you, will drive you to the fields with pelting stone				339	21	373
			But when she entered, crossing the stone threshold, she sat down opposite Odysseus, in the firelight, beside the farther wal				360	23	89
			There is no other woman of such stubborn spirit to stand off from the husband who, after many grievous toils, comes in the twentieth year home to his native land. Your heart is always harder than a stone !				361	23	104
		I worked till it was done, building it out of close-set stones, and roofing it over wel					364	23	193
how he came to the Wandering Rocks, to dire Charybdis and to Scylla, past whom none goes unharmed							368	23	328
	As in a corner of a monstrous cave the bats fly gibbering, when one tumbles from the rock out of the cluster as they cling together ; so gibbering, these moved together						370	24	7
	Past the Ocean-stream they went, past the White Rock, past the portals of the Sun and land of dreams, and soon they reached the field of asphodel, where spirits dwell, spectres of worn-out men						370	24	10

[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

for they were gone to gather stones to make a vineyard wall, and Dolius was their leader​

[/td][td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]
[td]

​

[/td]​

[td]

377​

[/td][td]

24​

[/td][td]

223​

[/td]​

There are passages that mention stones being thrown, stones being moved—or stones being fixed in place. I imagined that some of these references might represent comets. For example, the Cyclops.

As for Caesar, as mentioned, I have absolutely no idea if my idea has any validity whatsoever. When I think about it, I remember that the Caesars explained that there was never an episode involving "Cilican pirates" (for example). So, how far could the absence of Cilician pirates go? No Cilician enemy... No enemy... Etc. No battle. Etc.

For reference, here is a map of the battle locations in the Gallic Wars:

 

[palestine]

5)
Here is the "stone" table for the Gallic Wars:

De bello Gallico. Books I-VII : Caesar, Julius : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of California and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

archive.org

https://archive.org/details/44caesarscommentar-00caes/page/36/mode/2up?q=stones

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book​

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chapter​

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page​

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rocks​

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stone​

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stones​

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lapides​

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While these things are being transacted in the conference, it was announced to Cesar that the cavalry of Ariovistus were approaching nearer the mound, and were riding up to our men, and casting stones and weapons at them​

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Dum haec in colloquio geruntur, Caesari nuntiatum est equites Ariovisti propius tumulum accedere et ad nostros adequitare, lapides telaque in nostros conicere.​

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lapides​

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There was a town of the Remi, by name Bibrax, eignt miles distant from this camp. This the Belge on their march began to attack with great vigour. [The assault} was with difficulty sustained for that day. The Gauls’ mode of besieging is the same as that of the Belge: when after laving drawn a large number of men around the whole of the fortifications, stones have begun to be cast against the wall on all sides, and the wall has been stript of its defenders [then, forming a testudo, they advance to the gates and undermine the wall: which was easily effected on this occasion;​

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Ab his castris oppidum Remorum nomine Bibrax aberat milia passuum octo. Id ex itinere magno impetu Belgae oppugnare coeperunt. Aegre eo die sustentatum est. Gallorum eadem atque Belgarum oppugnatio est haec. Ubi circumiecta multitudine hominum totis moenibus undique in murum lapides iaci coepti sunt murusque defensoribus nudatus est, testudine facta [portas] succedunt murumque subruunt. Quod tum facile fiebat.​

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lapides​

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for while so large a number were casting stones and darts, no one; was able to maintain his position upon the wall.​

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Nam cum tanta multitudo lapides ac tela conicerent, in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli.​

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rupes​

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While this town had on all sides around it very high rocks and precipices, there was left on one side a gently ascending approach​

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Quod cum ex omnibus in circuitu partibus altissimas rupes deiectusque haberet, una ex parte leniter acclivis aditus in latitudinem non amplius ducentorum pedum relinquebatur​

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saxa​

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which place they had fortified with a very lofty double wall: besides, they had placed stones of great weight and sharpened stakes upon the walls.​

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quem locum duplici altissimo muro munierant; tum magni ponderis saxa et praeacutas trabes in muro collocabant​

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lapides​

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A short time only having elapsed, so that time was scarcely given for arranging and executing those things which they had determined on, the enemy, upon the signal being given, rushed down [upon our men] from all parts, and discharged stones and dartst upon our rampart.​

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Brevi spatio interiecto, vix ut iis rebus, quas constituissent, collocandis atque administrandis tempus daretur, hostes ex omnibus partibus signo dato decurrere, lapides gaesaque in vallum conicere.​

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saxa​

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To this was added, that whenever a storm began to rage and they ran before the wind, they both could weather the storm more nasily and heave to securely in the shallows, and when left by the tide feared nothing from rocks and shelves​

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Accedebat, ut, cum saevire ventus coepisset et se vento dedissent, et tempestatem ferrent facilius et in vadis consisterent tutius et ab aestu relictae nihil saxa et cautes timerent;​

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lapidibus​

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There, while some were filling up the ditch, and others, by throwing a large number of darts, were driving tho defenders from the rampart and fortifications, and the auxiliaries, on whom Crassus did not much rely in the battle, by suppiying stones and weapons [to the soldiers], and by conveying turf to the mound, presented the appearance and character of men engaged in fighting ; while also the enemy were fighting resolutely and boldly, and their weapons, discharged from their higher position, fell with great effect; the horse, having gone round the camp of the enemy, reported to Crassus that the camp was not fortified with equal care on the side of the Decuman gate, and had an easy approach.​

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Ibi cum alii fossas complerent, alii multis telis coniectis defensores vallo munitionibusque depellerent, auxiliaresque, quibus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat, lapidibus telisque subministrandis et ad aggerem caespitibus comportandis speciem atque opinionem pugnantium praeberent, cum item ab hostibus constanter ac non timide pugnaretur, telaque ex loco superiore missa non frustra acciderent, equites circumitis hostium castris Crasso renuntiaverunt, non eadem esse diligentia ab decumana porta castra munita facilemque aditum habere.​

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lapidibus​

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Then stones having been cast from every quarter, the enemy were dislodged, and their tower set on fire.​

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Tum ex omni parte lapidibus coniectis deturbati turrisque succensa est.​

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saxis​

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Besides, in their frequent sallies by day and night, they attempted either to set fire to the mound, or attack our soldiers when engaged in the works; and, moreover, by splicing the upright, timbers of their own towers, they equalled the height of ours, as fast as the mound had daily raised them, and countermined our mines, and impeded the working of them by stakes bent and sharpened at the ends, and boiling pitch, and stones of very great weight, and prevented them from approaching the walls.​

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Tum crebris diurnis nocturnisque eruptionibus aut aggeri ignem inferebant aut milites occupatos in opere adoriebantur et nostrarum turrium altitudinem, quantum has cotidianus agger expresserat, commissis suarum turrium malis adaequabant, et apertos cuniculos praeusta et praeacuta materia et pice fervefacta et maximi ponderis saxis morabantur moenibusque appropinquare prohibebant.​

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Straight beams, connected lengthwise and two feet distant from each other at equal intervals, are placed together on the ground; these are mortised on the inside, and covered with plenty of earth. But the intervals which we have mentioned, are closed up in front by large stones.​

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Trabes directae perpetuae in longitudinem paribus intervallis, distantes inter se binos pedes, in solo collocantur; hae revinciuntur introrsus et multo aggere vestiuntur; ea autem, quae diximus, intervalla grandibus in fronte saxis effarciuntur.​

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7​

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23​

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179​

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These being thus laid and cemented together, another row is added above, in such a manner, that the same interval may be observed, and that the beams may not touch one another, but equal spaces intervening, each row of beams is kept firmly in its place by a row of stones.​

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His collocatis et coagmentatis alius insuper ordo additur, ut idem illud intervallum servetur, neque inter se contingant trabes, sed paribus intermissae spatiis singulae singulis saxis interiectis arte contineantur.​

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This work, with respect to appearance and variety, is not unsightly, owing to the alternate rows of beams and stones, which preserve their order in right lines,​

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Hoc cum in speciem varietatemque opus deforme non est alternis trabibus ac saxis, quae rectis lineis suos ordines servant,​

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lapis​

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7​

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23​

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179​

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and, besides, it possesses great advantages as regards utility and the defence of cities; for the stone protects it from fire, and the wood from the battering ram, since it [the wood] being mortised in the inside with rows of beams, generally forty feet each in length, can neither be broken through nor torn asunder.​

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tum ad utilitatem et defensionem urbium summam habet opportunitatem, quod et ab incendio lapis et ab ariete materia defendit, quae perpetuis trabibus pedes quadragenos plerumque introrsus revincta neque perrumpi neque distrahi potest.​

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46​

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191​

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But almost in the middle of the hill, the Gauls had previously built a wall six feet high, made of large stones, and extending in length as far as the nature of the ground permitted, as a barrier to retard the advance of our men; and leaving all the lower space empty, they had filled the upper part of the hill, as far as the wall of the town, with their camps very close to one another.​

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A medio fere colle in longitudinem, ut natura montis ferebat, ex grandibus saxis sex pedum murum, qui nostrorum impetum tardaret, praeduxerant Galli atque inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto superiorem partem collis usque ad murum oppidi densissimis castris compleverant.​

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lapidibus​

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Raising a shout suddenly, that by this intimation those who were besieged in the town might learn their arrival, they began to cast down hurdles and dislodge our men from the rampart by slings, arrows, and stones, and executed the other movements which are requisite in storming​

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Subito clamore sublato, qua significatione qui in oppido obsidebantur de suo adventu cognoscere possent, crates proicere, fundis, sagittis, lapidibus nostros de vallo proturbare reliquaque, quae ad oppugnationem pertinent, parant administrare.​

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[palestine]

Re-
First table:

Wally’s Beach	CANADA	Alberta		49.34183N	113.15440W
Howard Bay		NC		34.81417N	78.84753W
Lk Mattamuskeet		LM		35.51865N	76.267917W
Myrtle Beach		SC		33.83776N	78.69565W
Myrtle Beach		SC		33.81883N	78.74181W
Myrtle Beach		SC		33.83118N	78.72379W
Myrtle Beach		SC		33.84034N	78.70906W
Salters Lake		NC		34.70992N	78.62043W
Lumberton		NC		34.75566N	79.10870W
Lumberton		NC		34.77766N	79.05008W
Lumberton		NC		34.78117N	79.04774W
Lumberton		NC		34.79324N	79.01871W
Moore city		NC		35.30104N	78.84753W
Sewell		NC		34.95800N	78.70280W
Lake Phelps		LP		35.78412N	76.434383W
Flamingo bay	USA	South Carolina		33°20′14.13″N	81°40′42.33″ W
Parsons Island	USA	Maryland		38°54′31.24″N;	76°14′47.27″ W
Pilauco	CHILE			40°34′12″S	73°06′14″W
Abu Hureyra	SYRIA			35.8667000°N,	38.400000°E
Arlington canyon				33.988587°N,	120.158047°W
Aalsterhut	NETHERLANDS			≈51.427254°N,	≈5.585360°E
Big Eddy	USA	Missouri	Cedar county	37.736470°N,	93.786128°W
Bull creek	USA	Oklahoma		≈36.64000°N,	≈100.85000°W
Daisy cave	USA	California		34.042070°N,	120.320090°W
Lake Hind	CANADA	Manitoba		49.440000°N,	100.697700°W
Lingen	GERMANY			52.5087510°N,	7.3138820°E
Sheriden cave	USA	Ohio		40.965055°N,	83.426038°W
Barber creek	USA	North Carolina		35.6000592°N,	77.303636°W
Blackwater Drawn / Draw		New Mexico		34.275687°N,	103.326101°W
Indian creek	USA	Montana		46.314439°N,	111.630274°W
Lindenmeier	USA	Colorado	Larimer county	40.976424°N,	105.104108°W
Murray Springs	USA	Arizona		31.570912°N,	110.177996°W
Santa Maria	SPAIN		Alicante province	38.7302850°N,	0.2150870°W
Talega	USA	South California		33.470292°N,	117.600471°W
Topper	USA	South Carolina		33.005763°N,	81.489266°W
Blackville	USA	South Carolina		33.361545°N,	81.304348°W
Lake Cuitzeo	MEXICO			19.936516°N,	101.155676°W
Lommel	BELGIUM			51.2362310°N,	5.2546860°E
Melrose	USA	Pennsylvania		41.925410°N,	75.510436°W
Mucuñuque	VENEZUELA			8.7757910°N,	70.8181220°W
Ommen	NETHERLANDS			52.5269500°N,	6.3635170°E
Chobot	CANADA	Alberta		52.956004°N,	114.734872°W
Gainey	USA	Michigan		42.885973°N,	83.614324°W
Kangerlussuaq	GREENLAND			67.156400°N,	50.023300°W
Kimbel bay	USA	North Carolina		34.981811°N,	78.776820°W
Morley Drumlin	CANADA	Alberta		51.145737°N,	114.866317°W
Mt. Viso	FRANCE / ITALY			≈44.698750°N,	≈7.0345750°E
Newtonville	USA	New Jersey		39.569579°N,	74.910859°W
Paw Paw cove	USA	Maryland		38.697466°N,	76.342255°W
Watcombe Bottom, Isle of Wight	UNITED KINGDOM			50.593900°N,	1.230800°W

 

[palestine]

Re-

Second table
"Stones" in the Odysseus

ROCKS	ROCK	STONES	STONE	STONE’S	MISSILE	THE TOP OF A HILL	page	book	verse
	where the south wind drives in the heavy waves on the western point toward Phaestus, and this small rock holds back the heavy wave						38	3	295
		Soon as the early rosy-fingered dawn appeared, the Gerenian horseman Nestor rose from bed, and coming forth sat down on the smooth stones					41	3	406
At first Poseidon wrecked him on the great rocks of Gyrae, but saved him from the sea							60	4	499
	Poseidon heard his haughty boasting, and straightway, grasping the trident in his sturdy hands, he smote the rock of Gyrae, splitting it open						60	4	507
And yet by night he always lay, though by constraint, within the hollow grotto, unwilling by her willing side ; but in the daytime, sitting on the rocks and sands							76	5	156
	If I should try to land, great sweeping waves might dash me on the solid rock ; useless would the attempt be !						84	5	415
	Struggling, he grasped the rock with both his hands and clung there, groaning, till the great wave passed						85	5	427
And just as, when a polyp is torn from out its bed, about its suckers clustering pebbles cling, so on the rocks pieces of skin were stripped from his strong hand							85	5	432
		But when, as he swam, he reached the mouth of a fair-flowing river, there the ground seemed most fit, for it was clear of stones and sheltered from the breeze					85	5	442
			Beyond is the assembly near the beautiful grounds of Poseidon, constructed out of blocks of stone deeply imbedded				96	6	267
Here, as I tried to land, the waves upon the shore might well have overcome me, casting me on great rocks and on forbidding ground							107	7	278
		I reached a stream where the ground seemed most fit, so clear of stones and sheltered from the breez					107	7	280
		When they were come, they took their seats on polished stones, set side by side					110	8	6
			This with a twist he sent from his stout hand. The stone hummed as it went ; down to the ground crouched the Phaeacian oarsmen,				116	8	190
				notable men at sea, at the stone's cast. Past all the marks it flew, swift speeding from his hand			116	8	192
Three plans were finding favor: either to split the hollow trunk with rutliless axe ; or else to drag it to the height and hurl it down the rocks ; or still to spare the monstrous image, as a propitiation of the god							125	8	508
		Here is a quiet harbor, never needing moorings, — throwing out anchor-stones or fastening cables, — but merely to run in and wait awhile till sailor hearts are ready and the winds are blowin					133	9	138
			Around was built a yard with a high wall of deep-embedded stone, tall pines, and crested oaks				134	9	185
			And now he set in place the huge door-stone, lifting it high in air, a ponderous thing ;				136	9	240
	no two and twenty carts, stanch and four-wheeled, could start it from the ground ; such was the rugged rock he set against the door						136	9	242
The Earth-shaker, Poseidon, wrecked my ship and cast her on the rocks at the land's end, drifting her on a headland ; the wind blew from the sea							137	9	284
			for we could never with our hands have pushed from the lofty door the enormous stone which he had set against it. Thus then with sighs we awaited sacred dawn				138	9	305
			And when the meal was ended, he drove from the cave his sturdy flock, and easily moved the huge door-stone ;				138	9	313
			Again he set in place the huge door-stone, lifting it high in air, and, sitting down, he milked the ewes and bleating goats,				139	9	340
	A hideous roar he raised ; the rock resounded ; we hurried off in terror						141	9	395
			But now the Cyclops, groaning and in agonies of anguish, by groping with his hands took the stone off the door, yet sat himself inside the door with hands outstretched, to catch whoever ventured forth				141-142	9	416
						tearing off the top of a high hill, he flung it at us. It fell before the dark-bowed ship a little space, but failed to reach the rudder's tip.	144	9	482
			The sea surged underneath the stone as it came down, and swiftly toward the land the wash of water swept us, like a flood-tide from the deep, and forced us back to shore				144	9	485
					O reckless man, why seek to vex this savage, who even now, hurling his missile in the deep, drove the ship back to shore ?		144	9	495
			And had he heard a man make but a sound or speak, he would have crushed our heads and our ships' beams, by hurling jagged granite stone ; for he can throw so far				144	9	499
			once more picking up a stone much larger than before, the Cyclops swung and sent it, putting forth stupendous power. It fell behind the dark-bowed ship a little space, but failed to reach the rudder's tip.				145	9	537
			The sea surged underneath the stone as it came down, but the wave swept us forward and forced us to the shore				145	9	541
	Now when we reached the splendid harbor, — round which the rock						149	10	87
	I alone posted my black ship without the harbor, there at the point, lashing my cables to the rock.						150	10	96
Then from the rocks							151	10	121
		they hurled down ponderous stones ; and soon among the ships arose a dreadful din of dying men and crashing ships					151-152	10	121
			Within the glades they found the house of Circe, built of smooth stone upon commanding ground. All round about were mountain wolves and lions,				153	10	210
			through the thicket and found within the glades a beautiful house, built of smooth stone upon commanding ground.				154-155	10	254
	There is a spot where into Acheron run Pyriphlegethon and Cocytus, a stream which is an offshoot of the waters of the Styx ; a rock here forms the meeting-point of the two roaring rivers.						162	10	514
			And Sisyphus I saw in bitter pains, forcing a monstrous stone along with both his hand.				182	11	596
			Tugging with hand and foot, he pushed the stone upward along a hill.				182-183	11	597
			But when he thought to heave it on clean to the summit, a mighty power would turn it back ; and so once more down to the ground the wicked stone would tumble. Again he strained to push it back ;				183	11	600
			After the dead was burned and the armor of the dead man, we raised a mound, and dragged a stone upon it, and fixed on the mound's highest point his shapely oar.				185	12	14
	This way not even winged things can pass, — no, not the gentle doves which bear ambrosia to father Zeus ; but one of them the smooth rock always draws away, though the father puts another in to fill the number.						187	12	64
and her the waves would soon have dashed on the great rocks, but Here brought her through from love of Jason							187	12	71
	No mortal man could clamber up or down it, though twenty hands and feet were his ; for the rock is smooth, as it were polished						187	12	77
	For if you arm and linger by the rock, I fear that, issuing forth once more, she may attack you with her many heads and carry off as many men.						188	12	122
	I looked for the first sight of Scylla of the rock, who brought my men disaster.						192	12	231
	But when she gulped the salt seawater down, then all within seemed in a whirl ; the rock around roared fearfully, and down below the bottom showed, dark with the sand.						192	12	242
	They screamed aloud and called my name for the last time, in agony of heart. As when a fisher, on a jutting rock, with long rod throws a bait to lure the little fishes, casting into the deep the horn of stall-fed ox						192	12	252
even so were these drawn writhing up the rocks. There at her door she ate them, loudly shrieking and stretching forth their hands in mortal pangs towards me							192	12	255
Now after we had passed the rocks of dire Charybdis and of Scylla, straight we drew near the pleasant island of the god							193	12	256
			The other men took places at the pins, each one in order, and loosed the cable from the perforated stone. But now when bending to their work they tossed the water with their oars				201	13	77
			Within the cave are bowls and jars of stone, and here bees hive their hone				202	13	104
			Long looms of stone are here, where nymphs weave purple robes, a marvel to behold. Here are ever-flowing spring				202	13	105
			When all the people of the town look off and see her sailing, then turn her into stone close to the shore, — yet like a swift ship still				203	13	156
			Then as the sea-borne ship drew near, running full swiftly, the Earth-shaker drew near her too, turned her to stone and rooted her to the bottom, forcing her under with his outspread hand,				204	13	163
Thus to its master all the land looked strange, — the footpaths stretching far away, the sheltered coves, steep rocks, and spreading tree							205	13	196
			All these were laid away with care, and at the entrance a stone was set by Pallas Athene, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus				210	13	371
			With his own hands the swineherd built it for the swine after his lord was gone, without assistance from the queen or old Laertes, constructing it with blocks of stone and coping it with thorn				213	14	11
		Scolding the dogs, he drove them off this way and that with showers of stones					214	14	36
	And first Eumaeus slung a sharp-edged sword about his sturdy shoulders, put on his storm-proof shaggy coat, picked up the fleece of a large full-grown goat, took a sharp spear to keep off dogs and men, and went away to rest where lay the white-toothed swine under a hollow rock, sheltered from Boreas.						229	14	533
			So saying, Eumaeus took Telemachus' brazen spear, and Telemachus went in and over the stone threshold				249	16	40
			he took his spear and set it up by a tall pillar, while he himself went farther in and over the stone threshold				264	17	29
			Now as they walked along the rugged road, nearing the city, they reached a stone-built fountain, running clear, from which the towns - folk draw their wate				269	17	205
	There was a grove of stream-fed poplars, encircling it, and from the rock above ran the cool water, while at the top was built an altar to the nymphs						269	17	209
			But do not linger long, or somebody may spy you at the door and throw a stone or strike you				271	17	280
	Firm as a rock he stood ; the missile of Antinoüs did not move him						277	17	464
		Stranger, if I would take you, would you like to work for hire on the outskirts of my farm, — there will be pay enough, — gathering stones for walls and setting out tall trees					293	18	360
	Tell me the lineage of which you come. You are not born of immemorial oak or rock."						301	19	164
	Then answered heedful Euryeleia : " My child, what word has passed the barrier of your teeth ? You know how steadfast, how inflexible my spirit is. I shall hold fast like stubborn rock or iron						311	19	495
			And now Telemaehus, with cfafty purpose, seated Odysseus within the stately hall by the stone threshold, providing him a common bench and little table				323	20	258
			Take care, or I, a nimbler man than you, will drive you to the fields with pelting stone				339	21	373
			But when she entered, crossing the stone threshold, she sat down opposite Odysseus, in the firelight, beside the farther wal				360	23	89
			There is no other woman of such stubborn spirit to stand off from the husband who, after many grievous toils, comes in the twentieth year home to his native land. Your heart is always harder than a stone !				361	23	104
		I worked till it was done, building it out of close-set stones, and roofing it over wel					364	23	193
how he came to the Wandering Rocks, to dire Charybdis and to Scylla, past whom none goes unharmed							368	23	328
	As in a corner of a monstrous cave the bats fly gibbering, when one tumbles from the rock out of the cluster as they cling together ; so gibbering, these moved together						370	24	7
	Past the Ocean-stream they went, past the White Rock, past the portals of the Sun and land of dreams, and soon they reached the field of asphodel, where spirits dwell, spectres of worn-out men						370	24	10
		for they were gone to gather stones to make a vineyard wall, and Dolius was their leader					377	24	223

 

[palestine]

Re-

Third table
"Stones" in The Gallic wars

			book	chapter	page	rocks	stone	stones
		lapides	1	46	36			While these things are being transacted in the conference, it was announced to Cesar that the cavalry of Ariovistus were approaching nearer the mound, and were riding up to our men, and casting stones and weapons at them
								Dum haec in colloquio geruntur, Caesari nuntiatum est equites Ariovisti propius tumulum accedere et ad nostros adequitare, lapides telaque in nostros conicere.
		lapides	2	6	47			There was a town of the Remi, by name Bibrax, eignt miles distant from this camp. This the Belge on their march began to attack with great vigour. [The assault} was with difficulty sustained for that day. The Gauls’ mode of besieging is the same as that of the Belge: when after laving drawn a large number of men around the whole of the fortifications, stones have begun to be cast against the wall on all sides, and the wall has been stript of its defenders [then, forming a testudo, they advance to the gates and undermine the wall: which was easily effected on this occasion;
								Ab his castris oppidum Remorum nomine Bibrax aberat milia passuum octo. Id ex itinere magno impetu Belgae oppugnare coeperunt. Aegre eo die sustentatum est. Gallorum eadem atque Belgarum oppugnatio est haec. Ubi circumiecta multitudine hominum totis moenibus undique in murum lapides iaci coepti sunt murusque defensoribus nudatus est, testudine facta [portas] succedunt murumque subruunt. Quod tum facile fiebat.
		lapides	2	6	47			for while so large a number were casting stones and darts, no one; was able to maintain his position upon the wall.
								Nam cum tanta multitudo lapides ac tela conicerent, in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli.
rupes			2	29	60	While this town had on all sides around it very high rocks and precipices, there was left on one side a gently ascending approach
						Quod cum ex omnibus in circuitu partibus altissimas rupes deiectusque haberet, una ex parte leniter acclivis aditus in latitudinem non amplius ducentorum pedum relinquebatur
	saxa		2	29	60			which place they had fortified with a very lofty double wall: besides, they had placed stones of great weight and sharpened stakes upon the walls.
								quem locum duplici altissimo muro munierant; tum magni ponderis saxa et praeacutas trabes in muro collocabant
		lapides	3	4	67			A short time only having elapsed, so that time was scarcely given for arranging and executing those things which they had determined on, the enemy, upon the signal being given, rushed down [upon our men] from all parts, and discharged stones and dartst upon our rampart.
								Brevi spatio interiecto, vix ut iis rebus, quas constituissent, collocandis atque administrandis tempus daretur, hostes ex omnibus partibus signo dato decurrere, lapides gaesaque in vallum conicere.
	saxa		3	13	73	To this was added, that whenever a storm began to rage and they ran before the wind, they both could weather the storm more nasily and heave to securely in the shallows, and when left by the tide feared nothing from rocks and shelves
						Accedebat, ut, cum saevire ventus coepisset et se vento dedissent, et tempestatem ferrent facilius et in vadis consisterent tutius et ab aestu relictae nihil saxa et cautes timerent;
		lapidibus	3	25	79			There, while some were filling up the ditch, and others, by throwing a large number of darts, were driving tho defenders from the rampart and fortifications, and the auxiliaries, on whom Crassus did not much rely in the battle, by suppiying stones and weapons [to the soldiers], and by conveying turf to the mound, presented the appearance and character of men engaged in fighting ; while also the enemy were fighting resolutely and boldly, and their weapons, discharged from their higher position, fell with great effect; the horse, having gone round the camp of the enemy, reported to Crassus that the camp was not fortified with equal care on the side of the Decuman gate, and had an easy approach.
								Ibi cum alii fossas complerent, alii multis telis coniectis defensores vallo munitionibusque depellerent, auxiliaresque, quibus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat, lapidibus telisque subministrandis et ad aggerem caespitibus comportandis speciem atque opinionem pugnantium praeberent, cum item ab hostibus constanter ac non timide pugnaretur, telaque ex loco superiore missa non frustra acciderent, equites circumitis hostium castris Crasso renuntiaverunt, non eadem esse diligentia ab decumana porta castra munita facilemque aditum habere.
		lapidibus	5	43	129			Then stones having been cast from every quarter, the enemy were dislodged, and their tower set on fire.
								Tum ex omni parte lapidibus coniectis deturbati turrisque succensa est.
	saxis		7	22	178			Besides, in their frequent sallies by day and night, they attempted either to set fire to the mound, or attack our soldiers when engaged in the works; and, moreover, by splicing the upright, timbers of their own towers, they equalled the height of ours, as fast as the mound had daily raised them, and countermined our mines, and impeded the working of them by stakes bent and sharpened at the ends, and boiling pitch, and stones of very great weight, and prevented them from approaching the walls.
								Tum crebris diurnis nocturnisque eruptionibus aut aggeri ignem inferebant aut milites occupatos in opere adoriebantur et nostrarum turrium altitudinem, quantum has cotidianus agger expresserat, commissis suarum turrium malis adaequabant, et apertos cuniculos praeusta et praeacuta materia et pice fervefacta et maximi ponderis saxis morabantur moenibusque appropinquare prohibebant.
	saxis		7	23	178-179			Straight beams, connected lengthwise and two feet distant from each other at equal intervals, are placed together on the ground; these are mortised on the inside, and covered with plenty of earth. But the intervals which we have mentioned, are closed up in front by large stones.
								Trabes directae perpetuae in longitudinem paribus intervallis, distantes inter se binos pedes, in solo collocantur; hae revinciuntur introrsus et multo aggere vestiuntur; ea autem, quae diximus, intervalla grandibus in fronte saxis effarciuntur.
	saxis		7	23	179			These being thus laid and cemented together, another row is added above, in such a manner, that the same interval may be observed, and that the beams may not touch one another, but equal spaces intervening, each row of beams is kept firmly in its place by a row of stones.
								His collocatis et coagmentatis alius insuper ordo additur, ut idem illud intervallum servetur, neque inter se contingant trabes, sed paribus intermissae spatiis singulae singulis saxis interiectis arte contineantur.
	saxis		7	23	179			This work, with respect to appearance and variety, is not unsightly, owing to the alternate rows of beams and stones, which preserve their order in right lines,
								Hoc cum in speciem varietatemque opus deforme non est alternis trabibus ac saxis, quae rectis lineis suos ordines servant,
		lapis	7	23	179		and, besides, it possesses great advantages as regards utility and the defence of cities; for the stone protects it from fire, and the wood from the battering ram, since it [the wood] being mortised in the inside with rows of beams, generally forty feet each in length, can neither be broken through nor torn asunder.
							tum ad utilitatem et defensionem urbium summam habet opportunitatem, quod et ab incendio lapis et ab ariete materia defendit, quae perpetuis trabibus pedes quadragenos plerumque introrsus revincta neque perrumpi neque distrahi potest.
	saxis		7	46	191			But almost in the middle of the hill, the Gauls had previously built a wall six feet high, made of large stones, and extending in length as far as the nature of the ground permitted, as a barrier to retard the advance of our men; and leaving all the lower space empty, they had filled the upper part of the hill, as far as the wall of the town, with their camps very close to one another.
								A medio fere colle in longitudinem, ut natura montis ferebat, ex grandibus saxis sex pedum murum, qui nostrorum impetum tardaret, praeduxerant Galli atque inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto superiorem partem collis usque ad murum oppidi densissimis castris compleverant.
		lapidibus	7	81	211			Raising a shout suddenly, that by this intimation those who were besieged in the town might learn their arrival, they began to cast down hurdles and dislodge our men from the rampart by slings, arrows, and stones, and executed the other movements which are requisite in storming
								Subito clamore sublato, qua significatione qui in oppido obsidebantur de suo adventu cognoscere possent, crates proicere, fundis, sagittis, lapidibus nostros de vallo proturbare reliquaque, quae ad oppugnationem pertinent, parant administrare.

 

[palestine]

In the Gallic wars, the translator used "stone", when in Latin there weren't - two times:

7	69	203	The army of the Gauls had filled all the space under the wall, comprising the part of the hill which looked to the rising sun, and had drawn in front a trench and a stone wall six feet high
			Sub muro, quae pars collis ad orientem solem spectabat, hunc omnem locum copiae Gallorum compleverant fossamque et maceriam sex in altitudinem pedum praeduxerant.
7	81	211	Our troops, as each man’s post had been assigned him some days before, man the fortifications ; they intimidate the Gauls by slings, large stones, stakes which they had placed along the works, and bullets
			Nostri ut superioribus diebus, ut cuique erat locus attributus, ad munitiones accedunt; fundis librilibus sudibusque, quas in opere disposuerant, ac glandibus Gallos proterrent.

 

[palestine]

This is it! Sorry, the tables did not print as required, initially. I had to reformat those according to the model:

[table]
[tr][td]...[/td][td]...[/td][td]...[/td][/tr]
[/table]

TR starts a line, TD creates a cell.

Each tag must be closed when its action is done. Overall, many tr, many td, and only one TABLE which creates a table.

So the content goes in place of the three dots, because those represent cells.

 

[palestine]

In addition, point 3), the map from Iman WIlkens:

 

[Cosmos]

The literature about (and from) Caesar is quite extensive as well as the literature about (and from) the time and places Caesar lived/operated. So, before proposing ideas like this, I think it would be a good idea to get a firm grasp of that literature and what it likely is suggesting and how that would square with an idea of that kind.

I‘ve read a number of books on the subject, which are by far not all the material one could read about it, but from that preliminary view on the subject the idea you have presented so far seems pretty unlikely.

 

[gottathink]

Also, civilisations may have developed where there are natural resources. Villages may have naturally have settled around the sites of previous meteor impacts due to the mineral deposits they bring. This could potentially explain any patterns in the battle sites matching meteor impacts.

 

[palestine]

Coins attesting of the existence of Vercingetorix:
Treasure of Pionsat - Wikipedia