DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF MENTAL PATIENTS
Eduardo Ramirez
Annals New York Academy of Sciences
Summary
Preliminary results on 42 severely disturbed psychiatric patients showed
DMSO to have antipsychotic and antianxiety properties. It produces emotion-
al calm followed by relief of some psychotic and severe neurotic symptoms.
The action of the drug differs from that of the so-called tranquilizers mainly in
that it does not produce major sedation or central depressant action. On the
contrary, DMSO produces some mild stimulant effect that makes patients
more alert, sociable, and acceptable for psychotherapy and occupational
therapy. It does not produce muscle relaxation, autonomic changes or ex-
trapyramidal symptoms. DMSO seems to be useful in the treatment of
patients with the following diagnoses: (1) overexcited states (acute schizo-
phrenic reactions, manic phase of the manic-depressive psychoses, alcoholic
phychoses, symptomatic psychoses) ; (2) some symptoms of the chronic
psychoses (autism, stereotypia, negativism, abnormal behavior or the hebe-
phrenic states) ; (3) severe neuroses (anxiety reactions, obsessives). Tolerance
to the drug was judged good in all the treated patients by clinical and
laboratory controls. Inpatient treatment at hospital was shorter for the acute
patients treated with DMSO, as compared with a similar control group
treated with conventional therapy.
[...]
Schizophrenic Patients
The 14 acute patients responded better to this form of treatment than the
chronic patients. In these acute patients the most noticeable effect was the
amelioration of the agitation state; the state began to decrease from the very
first few doses, and this was particularly true with the six catatonic-paranoid
patients who entered the hospital in a great state of agitation. In the eight
paranoiacs, the improvement was better at the conduct level, that is in connec-
tion with symptoms of distrust and seclusion, except in the case of an agitated
woman, whose psychomotor agitation improved first. After that, an improve-
ment was noted in the other psychotic symptoms. In succession, the ego
conscience disturbances, hallucinations, stereotypia and paranoid ideas of
harm and persecution were the symptoms more favorably affected by the drug.
The 14 patients were discharged from the hospital within 45 days. Of this
group three had achieved complete recovery 15 days after they entered the
hospital. One of them said: “I have been out of my mind. I dont know what
happened to me. I wonder what my children are going to say.” The psychoses
of the 11 remaining patients receded in a longer period.
As for the 11 chronic cases, the seven very deteriorated patients showed
cessation of the agitation state and also a favorable change in conduct. As a
matter of fact, a rapid decrease in restlessness and autism was noted. As the
doses were being increased, distrust, seclusion, negative attitudes and lack of
communication, as well as stereotypia decreased in both intensity and fre-
quency. This improvement was specially noted in a patient who had been
suffering from his disease for 14 years: two weeks after the treatment started,
be became approachable and began to talk, giving clear answers about his
background and, generally speaking, showing a recovery in alertness, as
opposed to the lack of mental coordination he had displayed during the
preceding 14 years. At present, he keeps himself busy as a typist in the ward,
and apparently he has been able to maintain his manual and intellectual
capacity. The same could be said about his proper social behavior. Before
treatment began, the patient used to eat directly from the dishes, using no
cutlery and spilling the food on his clothes. He himself decided to use forks,
spoons, etc. In addition, he is now a neat and tidy man.
The remaining six chronic patients also improved so far as conduct is
concerned. This was especially true of two who, due to the cessation of the
previous treatment 10 days in advance of the DMSO test, became aggressive
and had to be commited to strict seclusion for a number of days. The improve-
ment of these patients made them capable of doing some occupational therapy
later on. None of these patients was discharged from the hospital. The im-
provement achieved during the first two weeks of treatment did not increase
although DMSO treatment was uninterrupted for two to six months.
The four long-term chronic schizophrenics, hospitalized for acute episodes,
showed a complete remission and were discharged from the hospital. They
responded faster to DMSO treatment than to conventional therapy. Their
mean hospitalization time was shorter with DMSO treatment as compared
with similar previous acute episodes of these patients or with other similar
chronic schizophrenics treated as inpatients with conventional therapy.
All the above could encourage us to remark that out of the 25 schizophrenic
patients, the 14 acute and four chronic cases did reach complete remission and
were discharged from the hospital. The remaining seven chronic cases showed
decrease of the agitation episodes and were able to cooperate to the extent
of making occupational therapy possible.
Patients Suffering fmm Manic-Depressive Psychoses
Following the trend of the cases described thus far, the four patients
diagnosed as manic-depressive psychotics showed a remarkable improvement
with regard to the agitation state. Gradually they became more tranquil, at
the same time decreasing their verbosity and megalomaniac ideas. Under
DMSO treatment, the manic phase became shorter and less intense than the
previous episodes manifested by the same patients.
Patients with Alcoholic Psychoses
These four patients showed a noticeable improvement from the beginning
of treatment. In fact, restlessness decreased after the first few days, in spite of
the fact that hallucinations remained, specially in both cases suffering from
alcoholic hallucinosis; later on, these symptoms decreased in intensity and
frequency, until they completely disappeared.
Patients Suffering from Anxiety States
The anxiety states, associated with bioneuroses and psychoneuroses also
benefited from the drug. Doses from one to two vials a day caused decrease in
the anxiety symptoms, which are so characteristic of those states. This was
particularly true so far as obsessive-compulsive patients were concerned.
Patients said that they felt calm, that ideas did not upset them as before, that
they were able to overcome their obsessive compulsions and that finally they
were able to act in a more spontaneous way.
Inpatient treatment at hospital was shorter for the 31 acute cases treated
with DMSO than for the 16 acute patients of the control group treated with
conventional therapy, as it is shown in the following figure.
[...]
Complete remission of acute patients and of the chronic schizophrenics
with acute episodes treated with DMSO persists thus far. The first treated
case has shown no relapses for as long as a year after completing treatment.
The last of these patients has only been followed for a period of four months,
without further treatment or relapse. Improvement of the seven chronic
schizophrenic patients-all of them in a very serious condition and with more
than six years as hospital inpatients-lasted from one to four weeks after
completing the initial treatment. When they relapsed and DMSO was re-
sumed, they respond in the same way, and their reaction was equally favor-
able. This fact suggests that DMSO does not produce tolerance.