AT ONE of the following lectures G. returned to the question of consciousness.
"Neither the psychical nor the physical functions of man can be understood," he said, "unless the fact has been grasped that they can both work in different states of consciousness.
"In all there are four states of consciousness possible for man" (he emphasized the
word "man"), "But ordinary man, that is, man number one, number two, and number
three, lives in the two lowest states of consciousness only. The two higher states of
consciousness are inaccessible to him, and although he may have flashes of these
states, he is unable to understand them and he judges them from the point of view of
those states in which it is usual for him to be.
"The two usual, that is, the lowest, states of consciousness are first, sleep, in other
words a passive state in which man spends a third and very often a half of his life. And
second, the state in which men spend the other part of their lives, in which they walk
the streets, write books, talk on lofty subjects, take part in politics, kill one another,
which they regard as active and call 'clear consciousness' or the 'waking state of
consciousness.' The term 'clear consciousness' or 'waking state of consciousness'
seems to have been given in jest, especially when you realize what clear
consciousness ought in reality to be and what the state in which man lives and acts
really is.
"The third state of consciousness is self-remembering or self-consciousness or
consciousness of one's being. It is usual to consider that we have this state of
consciousness or that we can have it if we want it. Our science and philosophy have
overlooked the fact that we do not possess this state of consciousness and that we
cannot create it in ourselves by desire or decision alone.
"The fourth state of consciousness is called the objective state of consciousness. In
this state a man can see things as they are. Flashes of this state of consciousness also
occur in man. In the religions of all nations there are indications of the possibility of a
state of consciousness of this kind which is called 'enlightenment' and various other
names but which cannot be described in words. But the only right way to objective
consciousness is through the development of self-consciousness. If an ordinary man is
artificially brought into a state of objective consciousness and afterwards brought back
to his usual state he will remember nothing and he will think that for a time he had lost
consciousness. But in the state of self-consciousness a man can have Hashes of
objective consciousness and remember them.
"The fourth state of consciousness in man means an altogether different state of
being; it is the result of inner growth and of long and difficult work on oneself.
"But the third state of consciousness constitutes the natural right of man as he is,
and if man does not possess it, it is only because of the wrong conditions of his life. It
can be said without any exaggeration that at the present time the third state of
consciousness occurs in man only in the form of very rare flashes and that it can be
made more or less permanent in him only by means of special training.
"For most people, even for educated and thinking people, the chief obstacle in the
way of acquiring self-consciousness consists in the fact that they think they possess it,
that is, that they possess self-consciousness and everything connected with it;
individuality in the sense of a permanent and unchangeable I, will, ability to do, and
so on. It is evident that a man will not be interested if you tell him that he can acquire
by long and difficult work something which, in his opinion, he already has. On the
contrary he will think either that you are mad or that you want to deceive him with a
view to personal gain.
"The two higher states of consciousness—'self-consciousness' and 'objective
consciousness'—are connected with the functioning of the higher centers in man.
"In addition to those centers of which we have so far spoken there are two other
centers in man, the 'higher emotional' and the 'higher thinking.' These centers are in
us; they are fully developed and are working all the time, but their work fails to reach
our ordinary consciousness. The cause of this lies in the special properties of our so
called 'clear consciousness.'
{etc. the whole chapter (#8) is worth reading}