trendsetter37 said:
Interesting, I remember coming across this topic a few years ago (
link). Can't quite recall all of the details other than thinking that radiation may not be the boogeyman it was/is purported to be.
It's been awhile since I've watched Winsor's lectures in full, but based on what you've quoted there it sounds like he was saying that the amount of radiation "determined" to be the hard limit could have easily been surpassed after being subjected to a camera flash. They are already receiving a certain amount of exposure working around the plant which is supposedly accounted for. But what may not be taken into account is exposure from other sources unrelated to the nuclear plant that could still push their dosimeter over the limit. I didn't think he was talking about sunlight alone.
And actually if the sun can be seen as a giant electric arc or discharge we can expect it to be a natural source of gamma radiation. If you've ever enjoyed a lightening storm with numerous electric arcs you most likely also enjoyed a
gamma radiation show. Yet another source of ionizing radiation.
nasa.gov said:
"Remarkably, we have found that any thunderstorm can produce gamma rays, even those that appear to be so weak a meteorologist wouldn't look twice at them," said Themis Chronis, who led the research at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH).
My point here is that gamma ray radiation is more ubiquitous than was once believed by the majority of the populous and is associated with high discharge electrical arcs. A camera flash is also a high tension electrical arc. So maybe there is some validity to his claim there. We cannot really say he is wrong because our environment is devoid of gamma radiation. Also keep in mind that when limits to substances are declared and promulgated it is usually based on an estimation predicated by current known sources of exposure of that time. So the published limits can sometimes be arbitrarily based on what the expected dose should be.
Regarding gamma rays from the Sun, it is true that the Sun produces gamma rays, but they are absorbed by the matter of the Sun before they can be emitted into space and converted into visible light rays which do get emitted by the Sun, along with ultraviolet. Gamma rays are emitted during solar flares, but these are not that often and do not last for extended times.
Gamma rays from lightning are also very brief, and even if fairly intensive do not give one much of a dose. Keep in mind that gamma rays and xrays are electromagnetic radiation just like visible light, except are more energenic and can cause damage because they penetrate our tissues and can even pass completely through us. However, the rays which interact before getting through our bodies do damage to our cells and our DNA, depending upon what they happen to hit.
Since gamma rays are electromagnetic rays, they follow the same rules as does light. That is, they follow the inverse square rule which means that their intensity is inverse to the square of the distance from the source (1 divided by the distance squared) so the amount of exposure becomes much less as one goes further from the source. A lightning strike a mile away for less than a second is not going to give any significant radiation dose and is probably not even measurable.
Dosage is calculated by considering the intensity and amount of time exposed to the radiation source.
Overall I thought the point he was trying to make is that the limits are extremely low and unwarranted for the sole purpose of inciting enough fear to dissuade others in possibly discovering some unknown beneficial aspect of nuclear materials.
I agree that it is possible there are some beneficial effects from some measure of particular radiation exposure, but overall there is overwhelming evidence of the dangers.
While it is not being reported in the mainstream press from Japan, most women there are afraid to conceive a child because of the tremendous amount of birth defects and stillborn or terminated pregnancies. Doctors are being told not to report, or even admit to patients, that cancers of all sorts are due to the massive radiation in the environment.
When the plume from Fukushima hit the US, the government turned off all the radiation monitoring stations so the public would not be aware of the extremely high dosage they were being exposed to. People who live in the vicinity of nuclear power plants have a much higher incidence of cancers than those living elsewhere. It has been found that xray cancer screening has produced more breast cancer than it has detected.
Why are alpha particles so dangerous? They are Helium atoms, which falls in the same group of atomic elements that are deemed the most stable forms of matter on the periodic table.
Actually, alpha particle are not helium atoms. (From http://laboratorysafetyandmanagement.blogspot.in/2011/12/hazards-of-alpha-and-beta-particles-and.html) "Alpha particles are produced when an atom ejects two protons and two neutrons from its nucleus resulting in a subatomic fragment that is
similar to a helium nucleus.
These particles are relatively heavy and are highly charged and are therefore able to emit ions in a very localized region. This also means that alpha particles have a short range of a few centimeters - every time an ion is produced, it loses energy. In air, depending on the individual alpha particle’s energy, it can have a velocity of about one-twentieth the speed of light.
Once they run out of energy and become non-radioactive, they turn into helium atoms by accepting free electrons.
What are the hazards of alpha particles?
Alpha particles are normally unable to penetrate the epidermis of the skin, especially when it is a considerable distance from the target. However, when present in large amounts within a close distance, they are able to penetrate the epidermis and enter the body, thus becoming hazardous.
Alpha particles can also enter the body via other routes, some of these including: oral ingestion; inhalation; and even absorption into the bloodstream. However when inside the body, with no epidermis to stop their movements, they are able to travel just enough distances into into tissues to cause considerable damage.
This can lead to cancer, particularly lung cancer when alpha particles have been inhaled. However, tissues are not the only things that get damaged. If the alpha particles accumulate in an organ, they will also damage the cells of that particular organ resulting in organ damage."
As T.C. posted I tend to agree that all matter is radioactive but with varying degrees.
This is again a misinterpretation which leads to a wrong conclusion. Many elements have isotopes, and while they are still considered the same element, and even used in the body the same exact way, some of these isotopes are radioactive and contribute to what is referred to as the background radiation we are all exposed to.
From Wikipedia: "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Potassium (K) has 24 known isotopes from 32K to 56K. Three isotopes occur naturally: stable 39K (93.3%) and 41K (6.7%), and the long-lived radioisotope 40K (0.012%).
The relative atomic mass is 39.0983.
Naturally occurring radioactive 40K decays to stable 40Ar (10.72% of decays) by electron capture or positron emission (giving it the longest known positron-emitter nuclide half-life). Alternately, and most of the time (89.28%), it decays to stable 40Ca by beta decay. 40K has a half-life of 1.248×109 years. The long half life of this primordial radioisotope is caused by a highly spin-forbidden transition: 40K has a nuclear spin of 4, while both of its decay daughters are even-even isotopes with spins of 0.
40K occurs in natural potassium (and thus in some commercial salt substitutes) in sufficient quantity that large bags of those substitutes can be used as a radioactive source for classroom demonstrations. In healthy animals and people, 40K represents the largest source of radioactivity, greater even than 14C. In a human body of 70 kg mass, about 4,400 nuclei of 40K decay per second."
Maybe we are even dependent upon some of this naturally occurring radioactivity for our bodily processes since we have been exposed to this for practically forever and our metabolism has incorporated this into a useful function.
I think the real issue here is dosage. Sure, if you are directly adjacent to a nuclear blast then you will most likely visit 5th Density sooner rather than later. However, I do not think the situation is so black and white as to claim all radiation is bad. To the contrary, low level radiation and associated materials may be very beneficial. It's not that far of a stretch to ponder the possibility that the government may be using fear to obfuscate some kind of benefit from nuclear materials. Not that I came to these conclusions from Winsor alone but the reading done afterwards relating to the topic.
It may very well be that some particular amount of radiation of the right type in the right places in our bodies is not only helpful but necessary. I just don't go along with the idea that large uncontrolled doses of radiation is not harmful.