AT THE CURRENT MOMENT — on the flare and the overall situation on the Sun
A large center of activity with exceptionally large reserves of energy, which were accumulated deep in the Sun and are now being brought to the surface in the form of electrical currents and strong magnetic fields, has formed on the Sun. The areas of concentration of the latter are now forming numerous sunspots on the surface. The region, which is relatively compact in size, is "swallowing up" this energy and burning it off in all available ways, continuously producing major flares. Since, apparently, there are not enough strong and very strong flares, superflares have come into play.
There are no signs of a decrease in energy reserves in the active center. Strong flares will continue. There may be new major explosions.
The X8.1 event is, without any exaggeration, a superflare. Over the past quarter century, since January 1, 2001, there have been only 13 such or larger explosions on the Sun. That is, on average, one every two years. Such an event occurred tonight.
Not every flare of this magnitude affects the Earth. In particular, the two previous events of the current cycle, which occurred in 2024 — X8.7 and X9.0 — did not affect the Earth. The flare may be on the edge of the disk, the flare may occur without a plasma ejection, the ejection may go sideways — there are many reasons, and more often it's "no" than "yes". Every time, the details matter.
As for the details. For this event at the current moment, an impact on Earth has not been confirmed. There's a 90% chance that it won't happen. According to the available data, powerful plasma clouds, which form the main impact force, have not been formed, and those that were have been directed sideways. Final confirmation will be obtained today, but preliminarily the flare is "sterile" (without a geoeffective ejection).
Now a bit about the downsides. The first is that today by the end of the day, the active center will approach the Sun-Earth line and will be in the zone of the most effective impact until Saturday. There's no way to avoid it. Moreover, so far there have been no major plasma ejections from the center, but this doesn't mean that it's not there. It's just that it hasn't been able to break through yet. Against this backdrop, a flare with a very large ejection is possible. A small plus is that the plasma from the current superflare was ejected at an upward angle, past the planets. In general, active centers tend to operate according to a certain pattern, and the next ejections may go in the same direction. But this is not guaranteed.
In general, this is all that can be written for now. Science, like everything else, is currently in the role of an observer. As news arrives, we will inform you.
The size of the active center and the associated group of sunspots allow it to be confidently observed from Earth even in amateur telescopes. If anyone is filming them, they can send photos. This area has already made its mark on the history of solar physics, and getting a personal photo of it can be inspiring.