The following is a
list of association footballers who died while playing, either directly from injuries sustained during a game, or after being taken ill on the pitch. Following an increase in deaths,
[1] both during matches and training, the
International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) considered mandatory cardiac testing,
[2] already in place for years in some countries, such as Italy.
[3]
By 2009, FIFA player Pre-Competition Medical Assessment (PCMA) included family history, heart rhythm, sounds, and
electrocardiogram (ECG) results.
[4] The
Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) required extensive medical tests, including ECG and
echocardiogram for players in the Europa League 2011–12.
[5] Constant monitoring has been advised