The genetics of texts
Facing the weight of this information and its complexity, traditional methods can only take us back so far. Instead, scholars have begun turning to tools developed in an entirely different field.
One of the most powerful is
phylogenetics - a technique pioneered by biologists to reconstruct evolutionary relationships by analysing how traits are inherited and change over time.
Now, it's being used to untangle the history of texts.
During the COVID-19 pandemic,
scientists traced the virus's spread by analysing tiny mutations in its
RNA. The same principle can apply to manuscripts.
Just as geneticists can reconstruct transmission histories from genetic changes, textual scholars can trace the evolution of a text by comparing its variants.
As biologist
Richard Dawkins once observed: "So similar are the techniques and difficulties in DNA evolution and literary text evolution that each can be used to illustrate the other."