Forrestdeva said:
Is there anything we need to know about the Cern Hadron Collider since it has been restarted last month? Does it pose any danger to us?
Quote, might help, and maybe ...
The world's largest particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider near Geneva, he began slowly, "charging" up to full power.
When its proton beams are circling at full speed and collisions begin, scientists from around the world will finally be able to collect data, which will be so that will have to be processed by computer networks like SETI.
LHC collisions may reveal new clues about the origin of the universe, new particles, new dimensions and, possibly, new physics theory does not predict.
But will the collisions be powerful enough to create small particles with gravity so strong it can "eat" other matter that a microscopic black hole?
If yes, can this thing grow to a scale in which swallow Earth itself?
The fact is that the LHC could produce a tiny, extremely short-lived (read: harmless) black hole.
It is an unlikely event, and one that physicists are nonetheless excited.
Because the possibility of a stable black holes, those that could grow into something worrisome, scientists immediately placed in the area of science fiction.
Recently, two physicists carefully examined this "problem", comparing it with known astrophysical phenomena, using existing knowledge about the universe to determine the probability that the LHC will produce stable black holes on Earth.
These are Steven Giddings of the University of California-Santa Barbara and Michelangelo Mangano of CERN, who built the LHC.
In their paper, published on August 18, in the online edition of Physical Review D, they examine the "extremely hypothetical scenario" in which the black hole created in the LHC is stable and remains on Earth.
And are we doomed?
"Very thoroughly investigate possible risk in even some very outlandish assumptions about the behavior of black holes, and concluded that we no danger," said Giddings.
"The main reason is simple: the nature of this type of experiments carried out for billions of years, not only on our planet or star, but also the much more dense objects such as neutron stars and white dwarfs. Their amazing we age proves that physics does not lead to bizarre events that opponents LHC cited as very probable, "he said.
Giddingsov and Manganese first argument against stable black holes created at the LHC is the fact that nearly all scientists agree that black holes evaporate, emitting particles called Hawking radiation, called the Stephen Hawking, who proposed the phenomenon and showed why it exists.
A microscopic black hole was extremely unstable, disappearing in a split second.
Also reminiscent of the "historical debate" that collisions with the same power as those to be produced at the LHC - the trillion electron - on Earth happen all the time, and when cosmic rays from deep space (protons with extremely high energies) collide with molecules in the atmosphere.
It is concluded that such events, if they could produce dangerous, stable black holes, would have already done.
But Giddings and Mangano consider two scenarios that are not so simple: if a stable
black hole that is formed in the atmosphere charge or is neutral.
They deduced charged black holes created by cosmic rays could not be long before she would material from Earth or even the one with the Sun and the higher the energy potential sucked all the energy.
If charged black holes have ever been in the Earth's atmosphere, our existence is proof that it is safe.
The LHC will be the black hole may be charged because it will incur a collision pairs of quarks and quarks carry charge.
But if the black hole is neutral and stable, and if emits Hawking radiation, it could be a problem.
Giddings and Mangano studied this scenario despite being likely to occur almost nil, since scientists believe that neutralization could not happen without transmitting Hawking radiation.
Neutralization and Hawking radiation are intricately linked with quantum processes, and if one happens to another should also be happen.
In his analysis proved that there are two cases in stable, neutral black holes. And which of these cases likely depends on which physical theory of extra dimensions (and there are conflicting theories) is correct.
The first case is the slow growth of a neutral, stable microscopic black holes. If such a black hole occurs on Earth as a result of experiments on the LHC, its growth will last longer than the lifetime of the sun. This means that our star to die before we get into any danger.
This leads to other possibilities - the growth of the black hole, which is faster than the lifetime of the sun.
Such stable, neutral black holes may also occur collisions of cosmic rays. Therefore Giddings and Mangan's analysis proves that such black holes long ago destroyed much denser objects from Earth and the Sun, such as white dwarfs and neutron stars, which are already close to collapsing into itself.
All this indicates that the first case the only hopefuls for the emergence of stable, neutral black holes.
"The vast majority of the scientific community agrees that 'stable scenario' already insane," says Giddings.
What is a black hole?
A black hole is an object consisting of singularity and the event horizon. Singularity is located in the center and it is a point of infinite curvature of space and time, and the event horizon is the surrounding area where the gravitational pull becomes so powerful that fully retracts even light.
Once you cross the event horizon, literally nothing can escape gravity.
"Large Hadron Collider will create nothing but what is caused by the action of cosmic rays commonly occurs in nature. If there is any danger but we long ago knew about it," said a spokesman for CERN
What does the LHC experiment?
Large Hadron Collider is a 27-kilometer circular proton accelerator, called the "Great Father" of all similar devices, and it is the strongest physical experiment ever conducted. The entire project stands almost nine billion dollars, and it involved some 15 countries.
Also the largest machine in the world, the LHC will accelerate beams of protons that are spinning in the opposite direction, to nearly the speed of light, and then will befall them directly into each other 600 million times per second.
Another successful test system synchronization of air, which will allow multinational team LHC operators to release first 'real' air into the accelerator, has been successfully implemented.
Both tests, and clockwise in the other, are part of preparing the LHC for the final acceleration and collision two air.
The second "Bumper" working for years with no problems, but CERN's project raises concerns solely because of its size: it is a circular tunnel, located about 90 meters underground and is 27 kilometers long.
Inside the tunnel are deployed more than 5000 magnets that need to accelerate particles to almost the speed of light.
When the beam is approximately 10 trillion protons to a speed of almost 334 kilometers per second frontal collision with another, the result could be a bit unpredictable.
And that's what worries some scientists who have their own theories about what could be the final outcome of this experiment.
It speaks of a black hole, the object so much density that from him not even light can escape.
Many fear that in the event of some unforeseen errors in the experiment, or the inability to stabilize the resulting material could lead to formation of a black hole that would immediately began to creep surrounding matter.
Dire prophets predict that it might begin with a single proton, and complete all the earth.
The fact is that no one knows what will actually happen, because such an experiment has never been implemented. :/
Source: Net.hr
