Earth Changes and the Human-Cosmic Connection
- Thread starter Laura
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Pierre said:
Ok I'll try to think about how best to rephrase that part in accordance with what you wrote above (and the updated graph). I'll bring it up here before it gets into the book draft, so that you can have a look and see if it fits...
PS: Data/Graph updated in the table: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1DiWyJTAJV5jBUYDcYNqfgpZ5hvFAjpQJfS2k-8pvIiY/edit?usp=sharing
Hmm, I remember Spaceweather.com stating that cosmic rays increased by 10% already several months ago. This article (in Russian: _http://earth-chronicles.ru/news/2016-02-17-89170) states that cosmic radiation already increased by 15-20% since last solar maximum. Probaly it depends on the altitude where the measurements were taken. Nevertheless the trend seems to continue...Cosmic Rays Continue to Intensify
Last month, we reported that cosmic rays are intensifying. Measurements so far in February indicate that the trend is continuing. In fact, the latest balloon flight over California on Feb. 5th detected the highest value yet:
The data show that cosmic rays in the mid-latitude stratosphere now are approximately 10% stronger than they were one year ago. All of these measurements were collected by Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus.
Cosmic rays, which are accelerated toward Earth by distant supernova explosions and other violent events, are an important form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. Indeed, our measurements show that someone flying back and forth across the continental USA, just once, can absorb as much ionizing cosmic radiation as 2 to 5 dental X-rays. Likewise, cosmic rays can affect mountain climbers, high-altitude drones, and astronauts onboard the International Space Station.
This type of radiation is modulated by solar activity. Solar storms and CMEs tend to sweep aside cosmic rays, making it more difficult for cosmic rays to reach Earth. On the other hand, low solar activity allows an extra dose of cosmic rays to reach our planet. Indeed, the ongoing increase in cosmic ray intensity is probably due to a decline in the solar cycle. Solar Maximum has passed and we are heading toward a new Solar Minimum. Forecasters expect solar activity to drop sharply in the years ahead, and cosmic rays are poised to increase accordingly. Stay tuned for more radiation.
I created figure 76 using updated data. You may have a look at result here https://yadi.sk/d/4NUM_gnGpaCQE. I hope I didn't mess linear regression (used LibreOffice Calc to calculate it). Notice that new data conficts with the old one especially for blue graph. Other figures should follow soon.
Pashalis said:
Table is updated: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1VbfoSiEr2Ou8dKl_OoPI5fPvV_upcwIbtJlpUuVYDXk/edit?usp=sharing
PS: Added two columns at the end that show the location of the updated graphs pictures (until 2015) and which of those are ready to be included/substituted for the book.
I'll update the table as the translation continues, so that we hopefully can update all the important data then easily and quickly. (chapter 22 + 23 included as well now).
Altair said:Hmm, I remember Spaceweather.com stating that cosmic rays increased by 10% already several months ago. This article (in Russian: _http://earth-chronicles.ru/news/2016-02-17-89170) states that cosmic radiation already increased by 15-20% since last solar maximum. Probaly it depends on the altitude where the measurements were taken. Nevertheless the trend seems to continue...Cosmic Rays Continue to Intensify
Last month, we reported that cosmic rays are intensifying. Measurements so far in February indicate that the trend is continuing. In fact, the latest balloon flight over California on Feb. 5th detected the highest value yet:
The data show that cosmic rays in the mid-latitude stratosphere now are approximately 10% stronger than they were one year ago. All of these measurements were collected by Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus.
Cosmic rays, which are accelerated toward Earth by distant supernova explosions and other violent events, are an important form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. Indeed, our measurements show that someone flying back and forth across the continental USA, just once, can absorb as much ionizing cosmic radiation as 2 to 5 dental X-rays. Likewise, cosmic rays can affect mountain climbers, high-altitude drones, and astronauts onboard the International Space Station.
This type of radiation is modulated by solar activity. Solar storms and CMEs tend to sweep aside cosmic rays, making it more difficult for cosmic rays to reach Earth. On the other hand, low solar activity allows an extra dose of cosmic rays to reach our planet. Indeed, the ongoing increase in cosmic ray intensity is probably due to a decline in the solar cycle. Solar Maximum has passed and we are heading toward a new Solar Minimum. Forecasters expect solar activity to drop sharply in the years ahead, and cosmic rays are poised to increase accordingly. Stay tuned for more radiation.
It's not surprising because cosmic rays are anti-correlated with the sun's activity and knowing that this cycle is weaker than the precedent. The minimum in 2008/2009 was at all points described as "unusually low" with an unexpected strong negative response from the atmosphere (specially in the upper atmosphere). And i think that the next minimum in 2019 will be critical in this way. But, in touch with cosmic rays, actual studies don't know really much. There is the cloud connexion but it is still very incertain. There is also great expectations with EPP (electric particule precipitation) impacting the chemistry in the thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere with possible repercussion in the troposphere.
I've uploaded figures 69, 70, 75 and 93 to the same location. Linear regression if figure 93 (blue line) wasn't calculated but drawn using visual approximation. Right now only figure 36 left and I want to ask for advice how to represent data. Should we truncate bars above 7000 (like the last bar in original image) or is it better to zoom out and show actual bar sizes?
Pashalis said:
OK, let's try actual sizes. I'll post when it's ready.
I use Inkscape for drawing so original images are in SVG format. PublishR has native support for PDF images, and it is the best format for charts since it can be purely vector if image doesn't contain any raster elements, SVG filters or overlapping semi-transparent elements. Otherwise image can be partly rasterized combining sharpness of vector elements with complexness of raster elements. Final PDF images containing only vector elements also have much smaller size than raster copies. Photoshop is a bad choice in this case.
I'll send all SVG files to Mikey when there're ready. Also I'll put JPG copies of updated images to the same location where PDF versions are stored now.
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aimarok said:
The reason why PSD would be convenient is because of the translation. A fileformat with separate layers for each text make it much more easier to replace the original text with the translation instead of editing the image from scratch again. Does the SVG format contain the text as separate elements too?