MOSCOW, 11 Mar-RIA Novosti. The state Duma approved the law on the amendment to the Constitution at the plenary session. 383 deputies voted for the adoption of the document, there were no dissenters, and 43 parliamentarians abstained.
The bill was introduced in the lower house on January 20. The proposals set out in it are aimed at securing the foundations of the constitutional system, human and civil rights and freedoms. The bill also introduces a new procedure for Russia — the all-Russian vote.
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During the preparation of the document for the second reading procedure, the state Duma profile Committee on state construction and legislation received almost 400 amendments from all factions, of which about 200 were taken into account, and 175 were recommended for rejection.
The Status Of The State Council
The amendment will fix the status of the State Council at the constitutional level: it will be a body for ensuring the coordinated functioning and interaction of state bodies, determining the main directions of domestic and foreign policy and priorities for the socio-economic development of the state.
The President will form the state Council. Details will be set out in a separate law (now its status is regulated simply by decree).
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Requirements for the President
The approved amendments to the Basic law also introduce new requirements for the head of state. The Russian President will not be able to serve two terms (the "consecutive" clause is excluded from the Constitution). In addition, to take this position, you need to live permanently in the country for at least 25 years (now at least ten), but this rule will not apply to Russian citizens who live in the Crimea.
The number of presidential terms since the adoption of the updated Constitution will be considered according to the new one, the author of the corresponding amendment was Deputy Valentina Tereshkova. The former President will receive immunity, but may be deprived of it by impeachment, a procedure provided for in article 93 of the Constitution.
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Procedure for appointing the government
Approved amendments make changes to the procedure for appointing the Cabinet of Ministers. The President will now be able to appoint a Prime Minister only if the state Duma approves it (previously, the "consent" of the chamber was required). If the deputies rejected his candidate three times, the President has the right to dissolve the state Duma (before the amendments were adopted, he was obliged to do so).
Candidates for Deputy Prime Ministers and some of the Ministers (except for security forces) will now be proposed directly to the state Duma by the Prime Minister, deputies will approve them, and then the President will appoint them. If the deputies reject the candidate three times, the President can appoint him himself, and if a third of the seats are vacant in the end — he can dissolve the state Duma.
At the same time, the approval of the state Duma is still not required for the appointment of other Cabinet members (not Ministers). In addition, the President, as before, will determine the structure of the Cabinet: how many Deputy Prime Ministers will be, which ministries and departments will be included in the government and who will report directly to it, and who to the Prime Minister. It will be clearly stated that some departments are run by the government and others by the President.
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The President will need to "consult" with the Federation Council to appoint the heads of the Federal security agencies. This applies to departments responsible for defense, state and public security, internal and foreign Affairs, and emergency response.
The President will not only be able to preside over meetings of the government, but will also exercise overall leadership of its work, and the Prime Minister will be personally responsible to the President for the work of the Cabinet. Members of the government will be able to resign (now only all of them can leave at once), and the President will be able to appoint a temporary replacement at his discretion.
What will change in Parliament
The changes will also affect the work of both houses of Parliament. In particular, the Federation Council will expand, and its members will be directly called "senators": the chamber will include two representatives from each region, 30 Federal senators (of which no more than seven are lifetime for outstanding services, former presidents can apply for a"lifetime quota"). Senators will be appointed for six years (now for the term of office of the delegated Governor or legislative Assembly).
Chamber "exchange" authority to establish accounting chamber: the Federation Council will appoint the Chairman and half the auditors, the state Duma Deputy Chairman and the second half (until the adoption of the procedure has been exactly the opposite). Also, the Federation Council will hear the annual report of the Prosecutor General, and the state Duma-the head of the Central Bank.
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The rule on parliamentary control will be fixed at the constitutional level. The chambers will meet only for the President's message (previously, a General meeting was supposed to be held for the message of the constitutional court or a foreign leader).
All prosecutors from General to regional will be appointed by the President after consultation with the Federation Council (now the leadership of the Prosecutor General's office appoints the Federation Council, and regional-the President after consultation with the region).
...and the constitutional court
According to the amendments, the number of judges of the constitutional court may be reduced from 19 to 11.
Also, the President will have the right to initiate the dismissal of members of the constitutional and Supreme courts, cassation and appeal courts, the decision will be made by the Federation Council (now only this court can initiate the termination of the powers of members of the constitutional court, and the powers of other judges are terminated by the qualification Board).
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Article 15 of the country's Basic law on the priority of international law in Russia will remain unchanged, but article 79 will specify that decisions of interstate and foreign bodies, courts and arbitrations "in their interpretation contrary to the Constitution of Russia" are not subject to enforcement. The constitutional court will determine whether such decisions can be enforced.
What prohibitions are being introduced
Among the approved amendments is a ban on the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers, heads of Federal agencies, Federal parliamentarians, ombudsmen, judges, prosecutors and governors having foreign citizenship or residence permits, as well as accounts abroad.
As for the President, he should not have a foreign citizenship or residence permit even in the past, the only exception is if he was a citizen of a country that or part of which became part of Russia, and if he lived in this country or this part.
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The Constitution also explicitly sets the minimum age for a Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, head of a Federal Agency, Senator, and Governor at 30. Restrictions for a state Duma Deputy (21 years old), a judge (25) and a President (35) will remain.
The emergence of Federal territories
In addition to regions in the traditional sense, with the adoption of the amendment, "Federal territories" may appear, the order of management of which will be determined by a special law.
Also, the Basic law will establish a ban on actions to alienate the territory and calls for them. The Constitution will stipulate that Russia ensures a balance of rights and obligations of citizens, social partnership, economic, political and social solidarity, and the President supports civil peace and harmony.
The Constitution will introduce that local self-government bodies and state authorities are part of a single system of public power.
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Pensions and minimum wage
The adopted amendments to the Constitution will directly guarantee that the minimum wage will not be lower than the subsistence minimum "in Russia as a whole", and will fix the indexation of pensions at least once a year and other social benefits.
In addition, the Basic law will include a provision on Russia-the successor of the USSR. The Constitution will establish that Russia is United by a thousand-year history, preserves the memory of ancestors who passed on ideals and faith in God, protects historical truth and prohibits belittling the feat of the people in defending the Fatherland.
In addition, the status of the Russian language as the language of the state-forming people, which is part of the multinational Union of equal peoples of Russia, is being fixed. At the same time, the state undertakes to protect the cultural identity of all peoples and support compatriots abroad.