PBPM pg 195-6 said:Much as insulin serves as a sort of default sugar sensor, and leptin serves as the body's fat sensor, mTOR (it turns out) serves as the body's protein sensor, monitoring the availability of protein, or amino acids (particularly the branched-chain amino acids, most notably leucine, as well as methionine), for growt hand reproduction. It is also influenced by insulin levels, impacting IgF-1 activity, and it part of a related metabolic pathway. When protein levels are detected that exceed our basic maintenance requirements, the excess levels up-regulate the activity of the mTOR pathway, stimulating cellular proliferation, and adverse (from a longevity standpoint) mitochondrial effects. Increased insulin also has this effect, and the mTOR protein belongs to what is known as the P13K pathway, which is activated by insulin, nutrients and growth factors. mTOR has a central role in our reproductive and cell-proliferating capacity. It makes sense that dietary protein in excess of what is needed for maintenance and repair would send a message that it might be a good time to reproduce or make more cells. Ut us well known that animals in the wild whose diets are restricted by reduced food availability also typically have fewer young or may even fail to reproduce in a particular year, depending upon the available energy supply. Protein availability seems to be the key limiting factor. What is less stimulating of reproductive processes, however, is ultimately more stimulating of individual regeneration, repair and enhanced mitochondrial function. This is where is gets interesting.
A recent study stated, "It has been shown that limiting dietary amino acids, specifically methionine, inhibits signaling through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) thereby decreasing mitochondrial damage and protein translation" (Rosdale et al. 2009) The effect, in plain language is slowed aging an improved health.
[discussion of excess protein's role in cellular proliferation ie, reproduction, cancer etc.]
If, however, the dietary protein level stays below this threshold, ancient mechanisms kick in that are designed to help us outlive an apparent famine, which then shuts down cellular proliferation and up-regulates, instead, repair and regeneration. This process signals an effort to keep us healthy enough, long enough, so that our cells can reproduces another ay. Our energy is conserved through maintaining our own cellular repair instead of making new cells. That's what we want! We want just enough protein to meet the demands of our own repair, regeneration, and basic maintenance needs that can extend our own longevity, enhance our own health, and possibly even reverse signs of aging, but not so much that we up-regulate mTOR. And we want to keep insulin levels as low as possible.
nicklebleu said:Hi,
I recently found out that one of the glucose monitors used in diabetic control is also able to measure ketone bodies in the blood. It measures beta-hydroxybutyrate, which is the main ketone substance in the body after ketoadaptation.
Its manufactured by Abbott Healthcare and sold in Australia under the name of Optium Xceed (in the US it is called Precision Xtra). The unit itself is not overly expensive (around 60 AUD), but the ketostrips are (the cheapest I have found were 10 strips for 10 AUD, so that's one buck per shot).
I was wondering if these could be used to determine one's glucose threshold when in ketoadapted state, by slowly and gradually increasing the daily carb intake and measuring the ketone concentration. When in ketoadapted state they should measure a concentration of beta-ketones between 0.5 to 5 mM and this should drop to zero once you cross that threshold. The interesting thing would be to see, if the threshold is the same over time, or if it varies according to other factors.
OF course this can be done clinically also ...
liffy said:Lots of good info there, I should probably read the entire thing someday, even though it seems that I've managed to pick up most of the dietary guidelines through the excerpts posted in this subforum.
Megan said:For those who simply must know their ketone levels, I suppose this might be a solution to the problem. But I do believe that the body has many monitors of its own, offering more than enough accuracy for everyday use. If your weight and blood sugar are stable and you are in good mood and feeling reasonably energetic, and able to go an extended length of time between meals without ill effect, to me that seems to say more than a ketone reading does, and at no cost.
Keit said:Alana said:From what I understand, especially for us skinny types, it is better to continue eating as much meat/protein as it makes you feel not-hungry, and slowly slowly, you will begin to see that you don't need to eat as much protein any longer, and you won't feel hungry. That was at least my experience.
Yes, that what also happened to me when was eating primarily meat. At the beginning ate a lot of it but then felt that don't need that much or couldn't eat that much, and the amount went gradually down to the point where it felt balanced with the fat. My weight also stabilized at 54kg but then went down to 52kg after the recent infection. I think that maybe reducing protein to 50g is not enough for my body, at least right now. I am pretty active physically at the moment and probably spend a lot of energy.
And as a side note, it probably will be a good idea for me to remember to listen to my body more intently and not ignore it or try to force chances on it in a black and white manner and expect it to adapt. That's just silly, to put it mildly. :) So thanks for the feedback, Alana!
Gawan said:Megan said:For those who simply must know their ketone levels, I suppose this might be a solution to the problem. But I do believe that the body has many monitors of its own, offering more than enough accuracy for everyday use. If your weight and blood sugar are stable and you are in good mood and feeling reasonably energetic, and able to go an extended length of time between meals without ill effect, to me that seems to say more than a ketone reading does, and at no cost.
I have the same meter here, but no test strips anymore. I followed then more or less what Megan stated also earlier, that it is just a test and to question the accuracy of tests is then another chapter. :)
LQB said:Nienna Eluch said:LQB said:Thanks for the reminder NE - I do sometimes slack on this. Just lately I've been bumping it up to the point of having to get up to pee 3X per night. The Mg treatment last night didn't help but during the day today, seems a little better. I'll try the treatment again tonight. That deep "core" pain (like go2 describes it) is very strange and a real sleep robber for me.
With the water thing. It's not good to overdo it either. Having to get up 3 times during the night to use the bathroom is not good.
I usually drink the bulk of my water by the afternoon. Since I have my biggest meal in the morning, that's when I drink the most water. I reduce it during the day, going mainly by thirst. I find that using a lot of salt, helps me to want to drink the water. But there is such a thing as water toxicity, too. So don't overdue it.
Most definitely. Funny, a couple weeks ago, during very low carb intake, bathroom frequency during the night was down to 0X. Last 2 nights has been better but the discomfort/pain is not gone - adding the minerals does not seem to help much although the tendency to cramp in the legs is less. We'll see ...
Primal Body Primal Mind said:The Second Brain?
Although serotonin is a neurotransmitter widely associated with the brain and mood functioning, including the prevention of depression, anxiety, and insomnia, few people are aware that 95% percent of all serotonin production in the body lies not in the brain, but in the gut.
The gut, in fact, has even more neurons than the brain! The next time you find yourself struggling with mood issues, consider first the quality of your gastointestinal health and digestion. The brain and gut are inextricably linked.