Sol (Sun) and its phenomena

[Puma]

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT 02 APR

▪︎Solar wind speed: 543.7 km/sec (sw 483.9 yesterday)
▪︎density: 10.1 protons/cm3 (4.4 yesterday)
▪︎Sunspot number: 109 (SN 84 yesterday)
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: +6.4% High
▪︎Geospace quiet now (Kp=2) 24-hr max: Kp=5 storm (G1)
▪︎Solar flare M2.9 from AR2975 nine hours ago it is not earth directed.
▪︎three regions now facin earth AR2978, AR2981 & AR2982
▪︎Sunspot complex AR2978-AR2981 has a 'beta-gamma' magnetic field that harbors energy for M flares according to SDO/HMI

M2.9 solar flare observed around AR 2975 at 02:56 UTC (Apr 2). pic.twitter.com/23piSNwhnH

— SolarHam (@SolarHam) April 2, 2022

GEOMAGNETIC STORM STILL IN PROGRESS. For the last three days the Earth's magnetosphere has been in turmoil (Kp 4 & 5) due to the effect of the big M and X flares we have had from sunspot region AR2975. As that region disappears over the west limb things should start to calm down. pic.twitter.com/XzhdX21eOl

— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) April 2, 2022

GRAZING CME IMPACT: A coronal mass ejection (CME) hit Earth on April 2nd @ 0100 UT. Weak discontinuities in solar wind data suggest a grazing impact. This appears to be the CME launched by an X1.3-class solar flare on March 30th (sunspot AR2975). Minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible as Earth's magnetic field reverberates from the glancing blow

SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids

CORONAL JETS: It is often an error to concentrate on just the big events on the Sun. We have been watching a series of M and X flares from sunspot region AR2975. However, the 2 regions in the SE have been producing a series of jets (compare to size of the Earth - inset top left). pic.twitter.com/PAhiCmniMQ

— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) April 2, 2022

 

[Puma]

BREAKING solar flare M3.9 from AR2975

M3.9 Long Duration Eruption. Centered around AR 2975 and newly assigned AR 2984 in close proximity. A noteworthy coronal mass ejection (CME) will be likely, however it should be directed mostly away from our planet. More to follow. pic.twitter.com/92pDq6Rs32

— SolarHam (@SolarHam) April 2, 2022

Minor radio black out over Atlantic Ocean

Minor R1 radio blackout in progress (≥M1 - current: M1.17)
Follow live on https://t.co/3Xxrvc3cpA pic.twitter.com/XF7wQkw59C

— SpaceWeatherLive (@_SpaceWeather_) April 2, 2022

 

[Puma]

Geomagnetic conditions

Planetary K-index Now: Kp= 4 unsettled

The K-index scale has a range from 0 to 9 and is directly related to the maximum amount of fluctuation (relative to a quiet day) in the geomagnetic field over a three-hour interval

The Kp index is derived through by an algorithm that essentially averages the K-indices from several stations. Note that as a storm becomes more intense, the edge of the auroral boundary typically moves to lower latitudes.

the Planetary K index

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT

▪︎Solar wind speed: 519.7 km/sec (sw 543.7 yesterday)
▪︎density: 9 protons/cm3 (10.1 yesterday)
▪︎Sunspot number: 118 (SN 109 yesterday)
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: +6.1% High
▪︎Geospace quiet now (Kp=2)
▪︎Solar flare M3.9 from AR2975

SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACCELERATING: Four images of the Sun taken by the SDO AIA in 171A channel (low-T corona) exactly 1 year apart from 2019 (decay of SC24), 2020 (just after solar minimum), 2021 (start of rise of SC25), and 2022 (today). The (xxx) indicates the monthly averaged SSN. pic.twitter.com/F1mm66nRUI

— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) April 3, 2022

MORE TO COME? STEREO sees 2-3 days behind the east limb so can tell us what is coming into view from Earth. There are two bright regions behind the limb at the moment, one in the NE and one in the SE. They will certainly keep the sunspot number high, but will they produce flares? pic.twitter.com/bAX5Z5lClO

— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) April 3, 2022

A juicy filament is currently facing Earth. For now it remains magnetically anchored in place. Something to keep an eye on should it erupt. pic.twitter.com/ArmiEiYCAg

— SolarHam (@SolarHam) April 2, 2022

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE ACTIVITY REPORT 05 APR

▪︎Solar wind speed: 487.5 km/sec (sw 519.7 yesterday)
▪︎density: 5.6 protons/cm3 (9 yesterday)
▪︎Sunspot number: 129 (SN 118 yesterday)
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: +6.3% High
▪︎Active Geomagnetic conditions Kp4 unsettled 02:59 UTC 3 April (10 hours ago)
▪︎Geospace quiet now Kp=2
▪︎CME launched by M3.9 solar flare predicts a glancing blow on Tuesday, 5 April.
▪︎Filament eruption from AR2978, forms a "canyon of fire"
▪︎5 Active Regions facing earth now 2978, 2981, 2982, 2983, 2985
▪︎NASA's STEREO-A spacecraft is monitoring three ultraviolet hotspots behind the sun's eastern limb. These may be new sunspots poised to rotate onto the Earthside of the sun

A 'CANYON OF FIRE' JUST OPENED ON THE SUN: A dark filament of magnetism just whipsawed out of the sun's atmosphere, carving a gigantic canyon of fire. The walls of the canyon are at least 20,000 km high and 10 times as long. Fragments of the magnetic filament may soon emerge from the blast site in the form of an Earth-directed CME

SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids

There was a nice filament eruption today. It was from a quiescent region to the west of AR 12978, well within the Earth strike zone. Watch out for possible arrival on April 7.

This animation was made with https://t.co/K9nokdteHp. I am still learning how to use it. pic.twitter.com/4gd05130nh

— Halo CME (@halocme) April 4, 2022

NASA has modeled the CME launched by yesterday's M3.9 solar flare and predicts a glancing blow on Tuesday, 5 April. Geomagnetic storming is not likely if the cloud arrives at Earth but it could be something to keep an eye on in case you are a high latitude sky watcher. pic.twitter.com/L94uj3mJsw

— SpaceWeatherLive (@_SpaceWeather_) April 3, 2022

CME WATCH - 2022.04.04: There are 2 halo events in this 2-day movie. The first coronal mass ejection is quite a spectacular halo event. The second is very faint - did you catch it? It may have been on the far side and moving away from us. The planet Mercury is exiting stage left. pic.twitter.com/K9Zo8vhH4z

— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) April 4, 2022

 

[Puma]

This morning we saw two eruptions that resulted in coronal mass ejections. One was from a region behind the southwest (lower right) limb. Another occurred around AR 12983 in the northeast quadrant. Both were notable events, but neither may affect us. pic.twitter.com/ZNGcc0FCxG

— Halo CME (@halocme) April 4, 2022

https://twitter.com/x/status/1511024115238543363

 

[Mari]

A parhelion in Chile

Gonzalo Lira

A parhelion in Chile. @EnjoyTheD

t.me

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT

▪︎Solar wind speed: 457.3 km/sec (sw 487.5 yesterday)
▪︎density: 6.7 protons/cm3 (d 5.6 yesterday)
▪︎Sunspot number: 86 (SN 129 yesterday)
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: +6.1 % High
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions quiet (Kp2)
▪︎New filament eruption NE limb

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH (G1-CLASS): Minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible on April 6th and 7th when at least one CME is expected to graze Earth's magnetic field. There might even be two strikes. A pair of CMEs left the sun over the weekend, one propelled by a solar flare (M4-class), the other by an exploding magnetic filament. Neither CME is heading directly for Earth, but they are both capable of glancing blows beginning midday on April 6th

A filament eruption on 3 April launched a faint asymmetrical halo coronal mass ejection towards Earth. The NOAA SWPC has modeled the plasma cloud and anticipates an impact on Wednesday, 6 April. Minor G1 geomagnetic storm conditions are possible after the cloud arrives. pic.twitter.com/qIgO6sulRj

— SpaceWeatherLive (@_SpaceWeather_) April 5, 2022

SOLAR CYCLE UPDATE: New sunspot counts from NOAA confirm that Solar Cycle 25 is racing ahead of the official forecast--and the gap is growing:

SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids

ANOTHER 2-RIBBON FLARE: The CME that went off the NE limb (see previous tweet) was created by a filament eruption (the dark area lifts off). Note the two bright ribbons that form and slowly drift apart. These are the foot points of the post-flare loops spreading as the loops grow pic.twitter.com/WxAZGiiFGe

— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) April 5, 2022

PROMINENCE ERUPTION? The prominence in the SE (arrow) and the associated filament on the disk (the dark thin line in white oval) looks as though it is getting ready to erupt & produce a CME. It is too far east and south to be a threat of creating a geomagnetic storm here on Earth pic.twitter.com/0CImC8Ayl1

— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) April 5, 2022

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT

▪︎Solar wind speed: 395 km/sec (sw 457.3 yesterday)
▪︎density: 3.4 protons/cm3 (d 6.7 yesterday)
▪︎Sunspot number: 75 (SN 86 yesterday)
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: +7.1 % High (+6.1 yesterday)
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions quiet (Kp3)
▪︎Three magnetic filaments
▪︎Ecuatorial coronal hole

MAGNETIC FILAMENTS ON THE SUN: Sunspots aren't the only things on the sun that explode. So do filaments of magnetism There are three of them on the sun today, circled in this photo from Eduardo Schaberger Poupeau of Rafaela, Argentina:

Magnetic filaments are plasma-filled tubes of magnetism that meander through the sun's atmosphere. They easily become unstable and erupt, hurling fragments of themselves into space. A CME from just such an eruption is due to graze Earth's magnetic field on April 6th.

SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids

EQUATORIAL CORONAL HOLE: A coronal hole is approaching sun center (dark area center left), in a few days it will be moving into a place on the Sun which is magnetically better connected to the Earth and could cause us to be impacted by high-speed solar wind and geomagnetic storms pic.twitter.com/9vQ6gYluI9

— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) April 6, 2022

CME WATCH: After the three big CMEs from yesterday (see previous tweet, there seems to be almost continuous, but faint action above the western (right) limb. Probably the result of the active regions that rotated over the limb a couple of days ago. They seem to have remained busy pic.twitter.com/6FlrBQDiwk

— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) April 6, 2022

 

[Puma]

Geomagnetic conditions quiet (Kp2) Solar wind speed: 436.6 km/sec

WAITING FOR THE CME: April 6th has passed quietly, contrary to predictions of a CME strike and geomagnetic storm. However, there is confidence that the CME is still coming. NOAA forecasters expect a glancing blow during the early hours of April 7th, possibly sparking minor G1-class geomagnetic storms.

SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids

As of this update, there has been no clear cut sign that the faint CME generated by a filament eruption on April 3rd has reached Earth. It is possible that it could have missed our planet or was perhaps too weak to fully notice. Minor storm watch remains in effect for next 6 hrs. pic.twitter.com/j4CVtkxzIZ

— SolarHam (@SolarHam) April 7, 2022

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT

▪︎Solar wind speed: 416.9 km/sec (sw 395 yesterday)
▪︎density: 7.5 protons/cm3 (d 3.4 yesterday)
▪︎Sunspot number: 61 (SN 75 yesterday)
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: +7.5 % High (+7.1 yesterday)
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions unsettled (Kp4)
▪︎C flare from behind West limb

Active geomagnetic conditions (Kp4)
Threshold Reached: 05:59 UTC
Follow live on https://t.co/Zkq26B89Y7 pic.twitter.com/9Ed10HSwOc

— SpaceWeatherLive (@_SpaceWeather_) April 7, 2022

CME WATCH: Big coronal mass ejection off the west (limb) probably from the C flare from behind the west limb earlier today (see earlier tweet). pic.twitter.com/WiStXS3Yth

— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) April 7, 2022

CHINESE ROCKET PHOTOBOMBS AURORA: A week-long mystery has just been solved. On Tuesday, March 29th, webcams and sky watchers in the interior of Alaska, witnessed a strange blue ball of light cut across the night sky

Physicists at the University of Alaska Fairbanks had no explanation--except it looked gaseous.

The explanation, it turns out, may be traced back to the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in northern China. Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Boston says sightings of the orb in Alaska match the flight of a Chinese satellite.

At least it wasn't Russian this time...

Eyewitnesses said the orb was bigger than a full Moon. In fact, the cloud was a few hundred miles across. The tumbling rocket booster released its unused fuel into space where it froze and expanded into a nearly spherical cloud of ice, reflecting high-altitude sunlight above Earth's atmosphere.

SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT

▪︎Solar wind speed: 352.9 km/sec (sw 416.9 yesterday)
▪︎density: 2.7 protons/cm3 (d 7.5 yesterday)
▪︎Sunspot number: 52 (SN 61 yesterday)
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: +8.2% High (+7.5 yesterday)
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions quiet (Kp1)
▪︎Ecuatorial coronal hole

OFF-TARGET CMEs MISS EARTH: A CME missed Earth on April 6th. Another CME missed Earth on April 7th. Now a third CME is coming--hurled into space yesterday by an erupting filament of magnetism on the sun. It is expected to miss Earth, too. Ripples from the near miss *might* cause minor geomagnetic unrest on April 11th

SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids

AS PREDICTED: You may recall that 2 days ago I predicted that a long, thin filament in the southeast (marked by a white oval was likely to erupt. Well, it just did and was the cause of the SE CME shown in CME WATCH earlier. The one on the SE limb still might erupt (white arrow). pic.twitter.com/3zRsDq57FG

— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) April 8, 2022

THE EASTER BUNNY IS EARLY THIS YEAR! This is one of the weirdest shaped coronal holes I have ever seen (the dark area near sun center). My wife thought it looked more like a vampire rabbit with those fangs. As it moves westward, it could become geoeffective with high-speed winds. pic.twitter.com/gpFJozXZkb

— Keith Strong (@drkstrong) April 8, 2022

 

[Puma]

▪︎Solar wind speed: 372.1 km/sec
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions quiet (Kp1)

WEAK IMPACT: Arriving a day later than expected, a CME grazed Earth's magnetic field on April 8th (0400 UT). It was a weak, glancing blow that almost escaped detection. The CME was hurled into space near the edge of the Earth-strike zone on April 3rd by a "canyon of fire" filament eruption. Its tardy arrival did not spark a geomagnetic storm.

SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids

 

[Puma]

Solar wind speed: 377.3 km/sec
density: 12.1 protons/cm3
Geomagnetic conditions unsettled (kp4)

Active geomagnetic conditions (Kp4)
Threshold Reached: 00:48 UTC
Follow live on https://t.co/Zkq26B89Y7 pic.twitter.com/NrA235RVmZ

— SpaceWeatherLive (@_SpaceWeather_) April 9, 2022

Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has been trending south the past few hours. This is helping to kick up geomagnetic activity at higher latitudes. Aurora sky watchers around the polar zones should be alert tonight. pic.twitter.com/68Lmhv3A50

— SolarHam (@SolarHam) April 9, 2022

Auroras from Apr 05

https://twitter.com/x/status/1511427378215469056