Trump's "deal" with Putin and Xi - The Trio - was apparently not such clearly drawn and planned out. Maybe The Trio expected worldwide resistance and just planned to voice a theatrical protest at UN, which will be toothless anyway. But which Proxy Army will Trump use in Venezuela to not let the world see the US Army losing badly? Probably The Sheeple will accept that they will go the way of Syria, so nobody serious will do any kind of civilian unrest in Venezuela.Here's what I don't get: why take Maduro out, only to leave her - and thus 'regime continuity' - in?
There has been lots of talk about the current situation in Venezuela and what it could mean for global oil markets, so I just wanted to provide some nuance on this.
When people say “Venezuela has the world’s largest oil reserves,” as you undoubtedly have seen being thrown around a lot on here, they are technically referring to a specific accounting definition, not to a stock of easy, cheap barrels ready to flood the market. To unpack that, you need to get into what those reserves are, how they behave in the subsurface, what it costs to turn them into marketable liquids, and how price, technology, and above-ground risk interact.
That's a lot to cover, but let’s give it my best shot. On paper, Venezuela has roughly 300–303 billion barrels of proved reserves, about 17 % of the global total and slightly more than Saudi Arabia. The critical detail is that around three quarters of that booked volume is extra-heavy crude from the Orinoco Belt in eastern Venezuela. These are bitumen-like oils with API gravity typically in the 8–14° range, extremely viscous at reservoir conditions and with high sulfur and metals content. So the statement “largest reserves” is really “largest booked volumes of very challenging heavy and extra-heavy oil.”
Technically recoverable versus economically recoverable is the first big distinction. The USGS has long estimated that the Orinoco Belt contains on the order of 900–1,400 billion barrels of heavy crude in place, with perhaps 380–650 billion barrels technically recoverable using existing technology.
Venezuela and OPEC only book a subset of that as “proved,” but even those proved numbers are sensitive to the assumed oil price and development concept. When prices were strong in the 2005–2014 window, a large portion of Orinoco volumes became economic on paper and were reclassified as proved, driving the headline reserves from ~80 to ~300 billion barrels.
Geology and fluid properties are the second big differentiator. Orinoco crudes are extra-heavy, with densities up around 934–1,050 kg/m³, high asphaltene content and sulfur on the order of 3–4 wt% or more, depending on the block. This is a completely different animal from a 33–40° API, low-sulfur Arab Light-style crude. In plain English, that means it's much harder to handle at various stages and each step adds capex, opex and energy use.
In other words, the “barrel in the ground” in Venezuela is inherently worth less and depends on a narrower set of buyers.
Surface systems and institutional capacity are another constraint. Before the 2000s, PDVSA had a reputation as a technically capable NOC. Since then, you have had a combination of mass layoffs and politicization, under-investment, sanctions, corruption and brain drain. The result is decayed gathering systems, chronic power shortages, refinery fires and upgrader downtime.
Finally, integration with global refining and logistics matters for strategic value. Venezuela’s crude slate is optimized for complex “coking” refineries in the US Gulf Coast, parts of Asia and a few European plants. That's a story for another time though, because the length of this analysis is getting out of hand.
So when you hear that Venezuela has “the world’s largest oil reserves,” the technically accurate part is that the country has extremely large volumes of extra-heavy oil in place, and a big subset of that was once judged economically recoverable at high price assumptions and booked as proved. The more relevant questions for energy strategy are how many of those barrels are genuinely economic under realistic long-term prices, how quickly they can be brought onstream given infrastructure and institutional constraints, what netback they deliver at the refinery gate, and how exposed they are to being left in the ground if demand peaks. On those metrics, Venezuelan barrels sit much further out on the cost and risk curve than the headline “largest reserves” soundbite suggests. I hope this provided some good context.
Interestingly, Noriega was also captured by the US on January 3rd, 1990.Let's not forget: 6 years ago to the day, on January 3rd, 2020 Trump assassinated Qasem Soleimani.
I don't necessarily disagree but I would need to reflect on what should be legally termed terrorism versus what shouldn't due to the implications of what the security state is allowed to do in the case of the former.That's something leftists who either don't know what they're talking about, or want to obfuscate, say. Even sympathetic researchers acknowledge antifa is a real group composed of real people for political purposes (e.g. see Vysotsky's American Antifa). Andy Ngo's book is a lighter, journalistic account, but demonstrates the same thing. They are a terrorist organization.
My question is, why would the USA , Trump show Maduro in that state. This is a strong picture showing huge disrespect for a president of an other country.
Humiliation ritual and exercise of power by the strong. It happens a lot by powerful people who are low in conscience and empathy.My question is, why would the USA , Trump show Maduro in that state. This is a strong picture showing huge disrespect for a president of an other country.
Why take also the president wife, what is behind all this. This is mind-boggling!
Yeah i did see this a few months back, their oil requires alot of processing,Analysis demonstrating that Venezuela's "vast oil reserves" are nowhere near as economically viable as media headlines suggest:
It made China look terrible.Humiliation ritual and exercise of power by the strong. It happens a lot by powerful people who are low in conscience and empathy.
I believe Julius Caesar introduced something that was alien to the powerful in his time - mercy. The strong don't always need to exercise their power to the nth degree once they have achieved their objective.
Where's Starmer
Another whopper baked into this sh*t sandwich:The silver lining today was this moment:
Trump sidelining María Corina Machado with one deft dismissal. Ms. Nobel Prize Winner probably woke up thinking she'd hit the jackpot, only to be summarily shafted.
It's interesting that Trump demonstrates he has objective data to hand about Venezuela: Machado would indeed have insufficient popular support to replace Maduro, not even in the short-term.
Her promise to "move Venezuela's Israel embassy to Jerusalem" got her precisely nowhere!
This difference may yet prove significant, indicating that Trump's vision for Venezuela's future is not identical to 'the globalists'/Israel's.
Although Machado was not the presidential candidate in the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election, she remained the leader of the opposition to Chavismo during the electoral process. The majority support that candidate Edmundo González received in various polls was due to the boost given to him by Machado's support. Regarding the role that Machado would play in a González Urrutia government, The Telegraph commented: "Should the opposition win, Ms Machado is widely expected to be the de facto leader of a government formally led by Mr González." The newspaper compared the massive popular movement around Machado with the rise of Hugo Chávez to the presidency in 1998, in terms of the "fervor" it generated in citizens, in a context of both political crisis and systemic decadence.
Another whopper baked into this sh*t sandwich:
Trump acknowledges that Machado doesn't have sufficient popular support in Venezuela to lead the country... yet the entire basis for Maduro being a dictator was that he stole last year's election, in which, we were told, the opposition candidate 'actually won'... thanks to Machado's amazing grass-roots popular appeal:
Regime change I can get behind! Liberate us, daddy!
Why that guy in the 2nd row in suit? Few thoughts on the topic.