Considering the fatalities from Mt Peleé's eruption, very understandable his readings.
Mount Pelée - Wikipedia
...
Volcanoes Erupting All Over
- Thread starter Laura
- Start date
Mount Pelée - Wikipedia
XPan
The Living Force
Mt Pelée, Martinique (history)
It was a few days ago i read through an unusual detailed time line about the volcanic events of Mt Pelée, called "The eruptions of Mont Pelée and the Soufriére" - and was very interesting - because there where MANY signs and worrisome events were going off several weeks and days before the big eruption took place in the morning of 8 May 1902, destroying the town and people of St Pierre within minutes...
-> Pelee and Soufriere
It was a few days ago i read through an unusual detailed time line about the volcanic events of Mt Pelée, called "The eruptions of Mont Pelée and the Soufriére" - and was very interesting - because there where MANY signs and worrisome events were going off several weeks and days before the big eruption took place in the morning of 8 May 1902, destroying the town and people of St Pierre within minutes...
-> Pelee and Soufriere
1902
February
St. Pierre. A whiff of sulphurous gas was noticed.
March 23.
Mont Pelee. The Etang Sec, or 'dry tarn', a small crater containing a dried-up lake, emitted sulphurous vapour from several points.
April 14
Night. St. Vincent. Eight earth tremors caused landslides.
April 23
Mont Pelee. 3 shocks in St. Pierre; a great smoke cloud from the summit crater.
St. Pierre. A slight fall of ash, and several earth tremors, enough to knock dishes from shelves.
April 25
Mont Pelee. A ‘cap of white vapours' on Mont Pelee. The Etang Sec was filling up with boiling water. The crater of L'Etang Sec near the summit opened, and Mont Pelee threw up a huge cloud of ash and rock fragments.
St, Pierre. Sulphurous vapours made breathing difficult.
April 26
Mont Pelee. A similar eruption to that of the 25th covered much of the landscape with grey-white powder.
Soufriere, St. Vincent. The Lower Soufriere was in eruption.
April 27
Mont Pelee. The Etang Sec contained a small lake, with a small volcanic cone emerging from the centre. Smoke rose from this in puffs.
April 29
St. Vincent. Three 'well-marked shocks'.
3 p.m. St. Pierre. Several earthquake shocks between 3 and 5 p.m.
May 2 Friday
Mont Pelee. An eruption of vapours and ashes, which covered Le Precheur.
11.30 pm. Mont Pelee. Terrifying detonations woke everyone in St Pierre. “Every few moments electric flames of blinding intensity were traversing the recesses of black and purple clouds”. Ash covered the country to Fort de France.
St, Pierre. Ash was so deep in the streets as to stop traffic.
May 3 Saturday
6 am. Outskirts of St. Pierre. The Roxelane River was in flood.
Morning. Fort de France. The garrison commander of St. Pierre reported to Fort de France, 'The crater is completely inactive'.
Noon. Fort de France. An earth tremor, which was also felt in St.Pierre.
Evening. Mont Pelee threw out dense masses of smoke.
Evening. Pont Basin, St. Pierre. An iron-girdered bridge over the Roxelane River fell in an earth tremor; 20 persons were killed.
Evening. Mont Pelee. “Frightful detonations...The glowing cone was soon hidden by an enormous column of black smoke traversed by flashes of lightning.”
May 4 Sunday
Dawn. Ajoupa-Bouillon, a village on the eastern foot of Pelee. Steam and boiling mud from a fissure killed 188 persons.
Morning. Off St. Pierre. A cloud rose an estimated 30,000 feet from Mont Pelee, then a shower of stones and mud fell on the cable steamer Pouyer-Quertier.
Mont Pelee. The sea breeze swept ashy fog away.
At sea . Ash fell so thickly that boats skirting the coast feared to navigate through it. The sea was covered with dead birds.
Evening. St. Pierre. Dust and scoria fell again. The ash fall on St Pierre was ¼ inch thick. The mountain was invisible.
Night. St. Pierre. A telegram was sent to the Minister of Colonies in Paris. 'An eruption of Mont Pelee has taken place...The eruption appears to be on the wane.'
The crater lake of Soufriere, shortly before 1902
May 5 Monday
Soufriere. There were signs of eruption. The lake in the old crater of the Soufriere became greatly disturbed. Fishermen crossing the lake noticed this.
Morning. Fort de France. Telegraphic communication with Dominica and St. Lucia was lost.
About noon. Mont Pelee. A stream of ‘lava’ rushed down the SW slope of the mountain, sweeping away buildings, plantations and people in a rush to the sea 5 miles away. The sea then receded 100 yards on the western coast, and returning invaded St. Pierre. The stream was of near-boiling water and mud a quarter of a mile wide and 100 feet deep. A mass of new hot rock forced its way up from the crater floor and displaced the water in L' Étang Sec, heating it to near boiling point. The flood rushed down the valley of the Riviere Blanche at a speed of about 90 km. an hour, carrying mud and boulders of up to 50 tons' weight. The sugar plant of Usine Guérin was overwhelmed; 30 persons were killed. The mudflow entered the sea and triggered a series of waves, one of which overwhelmed the yacht Precheur, moored off the river mouth, with the loss of all on board. Another yacht and eight lighters were sunk.
1.22 p.m. St. Pierre. The sea retreated a hundred feet and returned in a wave that flooded the docks.
St. Pierre. Scores of snakes invaded the streets. Over 50 persons and 200 animals died from their bites. Soldiers' rifle fire and cats killed over 100 fer-de-lances.
A committee appointed by the Governor of Martinique reported that 'there is nothing in the activity of Pelee that warrants a departure from St. Pierre'.
Evening. St. Pierre. Atmospheric disturbances caused the failure of the city's electrical system and lighting. 617 persons were killed in the eruption in 4 days.
May 6 Tuesday
Guadeloupe . Volcanic detonations were clearly heard here 100 miles south of Martinique.
Mont Pelee. The summit was hidden by thick clouds of steam. Ash fell incessantly up to a foot deep.
00.01 a.m. Mont Pelee. '...long tongues of flame shooting out of the crater's neck, the like of which none of us had seen before'.
2 a.m. Mont Pelee. Mutterings sounded in Pelee's depths louder than thunder and people ran out of their houses.
8 a.m. St. Pierre. “...since eight o'clock this morning the roaring of the volcano continued...St. Pierre had been left in almost night darkness. For many days the disturbed condition of the atmosphere had interfered with the electric illumination...brilliant flashes of lightning...The ashes and cinders now fall over a wide area”.
St. Pierre. The mayor issued a proclamation to the citizens; “The...eruption of Mont Pelee has thrown the whole island into consternation...we believe ourselves able to assure you that in view of the immense valleys which separate us from the crater, we have no immediate danger to fear. The lava will not reach as far as the town...”
2 p.m. Soufriere. The mountain 'began a series of volcanic efforts’. Severe earthquakes accompanied these.
3 p.m. Soufriere. An earthquake and terrible noise. Steam was emitted.
5 p.m. Soufriere. Louder and more frequent explosions occurred. A red glare was noticed in the summit cloud.
5 p.m. St. Pierre. Telegraphic communication was suddenly severed with the islands of St. Lucia and St. Vincent to the south.
7.30 p.m. Soufriere. Columns of steam issued from the old crater with terrific noise until midnight.
Midnight. Soufriere. The mountain top burst into 'flame', followed by an explosion.
May 7 Wednesday
2.30 a.m. Soufriere. Explosions.
4 a.m. Mont Pelee. Two red craters were visible on the flanks of Mont Pelee for half an hour. A prodigious roaring was heard, cloud filled with lightning.
7 a.m. Soufriere. Steam ascended for 3 hours, with explosions.
7. 45 a.m. Soufriere. Vapour columns rose to 30,000 ft in 1 minute.
10 a.m. Soufriere. A terrific explosion.
10.30 a.m. Soufriere. Enormous clouds were emitted from the 'Old Crater' of the volcano, with loud noises and much lightning. The inhabitants of the windward side of the island still doubted the reality of the eruption, and thought that the dark cloud over the mountain was a thunderstorm.
Noon. Soufriere. 3 craters opened and began to vomit lava. Detonations merged into a continuous roar. A huge dark cloud, 'charged with volcanic matter' rose 8 miles high. A darkness like midnight descended. The air was filled with fine dust. Scoria and stones fell, followed by black rain. The noise was heard throughout the Caribbean. Ashes fell on Kingstown, 12 miles distant.
Noon. Barbados. Just after mid-day, 'deep subterranean explosions' were heard, some single, others in volleys of five or six. Some made the earth vibrate. They continued for 2 or 3 hours.
Noon. Soufriere. The Rabaca Dry River and some of the streams on the windward side of the volcano were 'running boiling hot', cutting off the escape of many refugees.
1 p.m. Soufriere. “The roaring of the volcano was tremendous.” Showers of stones fell. Floods of boiling water (not mud or lava) poured down the valleys into the sea.
1.30 p.m. Soufriere. A violent explosion and a smoke cloud 2 miles high.
1.47 p.m. Bridgetown, Barbados. A ‘terrific explosion’ was heard, followed eight seconds later by another.
2 p.m. Soufriere.
“'A terrific huge reddish and purplish curtain advanced to and over Richmond Estate. This was the strange black cloud which, laden with hot dust, swept with terrific velocity down the mountain-side, burying the country in hot sand, suffocating and burning all living creatures in its path”. The cloud rolled down onto the sea, flashing with lightning, which increased when it touched the water. “There was no fire...only the air was itself intensely hot and charged with hot dust”.
A survivor said, “...a dark cloud came from the Soufriere...and a fine leaden powder...filled the air...People breathed it in, and it was so hot it burnt the flesh...They gasped, fainted, and died. All was over in three minutes. It is said that (the) hot blast killed most people, and wherever the powder touched people it burnt their flesh.” About 1,350 persons were killed.
2.06 p.m. Bridgetown, Barbados. A ‘peculiar rumbling’ was heard, which seemed to be close to or beneath the ground.
2.15 p.m. About 700 miles off Cape Henlopen. The Danish steamer Nordby reported intense heat, an obscured Sun, lightning, and great sea disturbances.
3 p.m. Soufriere. Terrific detonations.
About 3 p.m. Barbados. A black cloud began to rise from the direction of St, Vincent. At 3.10 p.m. the sea rose and fell three times in 15 or 20 minutes.
3.15 p.m. Barbados. Volcanic ash fell at Barbados,100 miles to windward, becoming very heavy soon after sunset.
4 p.m. Barbados. The edge of the cloud from St. Vincent began to obscure the Sun, and dust fell.
6 p.m. Barbados. As dark as midnight. Incessant thunder and lightning from the direction of St. Vincent.
8 p.m. At sea. Dust fell 70 miles S. of Barbados, on the schooner Viola.
10 p.m. Soufriere. A very strong earthquake.
10 p.m. At sea. SS Talisman met dust 150 miles S.S.E. of Barbados.
11.16 p.m. Isle of Wight. A seismograph recorded an earth tremor originating at a distance of between 60º and 70º.
May 8 Thursday
Morning. St. Pierre. Hundreds of persons left the town for Fort-de-France, Martinique's second town. Hundreds more refugees from the countryside entered St. Pierre, increasing the population to about 30,000.
2.30 a.m. At sea. The barque Jupiter met dust 830 miles E.S.E. of Barbados. So much dust fell that it discoloured the sea.
4 a.m. Fort de France. A violent thunderstorm with heavy rain.
4 a.m. Mont Pelee. Rumbling began again. A dark ash column, streaked with fiery cinders, drifted west over the sea.
6.30 a.m. St. Pierre. The passenger steamship Roraima dropped anchor in the roadstead.
6.30 a.m. St. Pierre. A sudden wind swept down from Mont Pelee. “The wind was warm and reeked of sulphur. When it had passed, the sun shone down on St. Pierre. Pelee fell silent and revealed nothing apart from a glow in the rock about 300 feet from the summit.”
7 a.m. St. Pierre. Mr Fernand Clerc observed violent pulsations of a barometer and fled the city to Mont Parnasse, a mile outside.
7.50 a.m. Mont Parnasse. Clerc saw a huge black cloud burst from a fissure 1,000 metres below the summit of the volcano, which travelled at the speed of a mile a minute downwards over the surface of the earth upon St. Pierre.
Roger Arnox, from a house also on Mont Parnasse, saw the same vast cloud burst out, rising to his zenith “with an almost inconceivably powerful ascensive force” and rushing down upon St. Pierre in less than three seconds. The cloud was filled with lightning and accompanied by a ‘frightful fracas’.
7.52 a.m. St. Pierre. The clock on the wall of the military hospital stopped.
. . . .
(on the homepage, it continues in great length with reports and other volcanic phenomena after the 8th of May 1902. Some more photos are shown, too)
The eruption of #Popocatépetl continues.It is notorious how far the lava bombs have left the snow near the crater's rim dark. Ash disperses towards Puebla.YELLOW 3 safety radius 12 km
Impressive, these days I was not in Puebla, I am arriving and mud is falling! Ash more rain! @SkyAlertMx @laredcincoradio
Attachments
During this early morning, #Popocatépetl activity has persisted with abundant ash emission. Winds continue to disperse the ash towards the Puebla side.
YELLOW 3
safety radius 12 km
This is Cholula, a town near (before) Puebla City, life goes on amid the ash.
--
Just like the intro of a horror movie, the #Cholula as in #Cholula,
YELLOW 3safety radius 12 kmThis is Cholula, a town near (before) Puebla City, life goes on amid the ash.
--
Just like the intro of a horror movie, the #Cholula as in #Cholula,
XPan
The Living Force
Etna, Sicily - Italy
24 May 2023
INGV Catania, published a special report about Etna's recent eruption, which German Vulkane.net wrote about as follows:
Strombolian eruptions on Etna
State: Italy | Coordinates: 37.73, 15.00 | Activity: Fumarolic
Tonight, INGV Catania published a special report on activity at Etna. The volcanologists' networks registered weak strombolian eruptions emanating from the Southeast Crater. The report goes on to say that Voragine has also become active and is erupting in a strombolian manner. The infrasound sensors also recorded events coming from the direction of Bocca Nuova. Thus, three of the 4 main Etna craters became active. In addition, the tremor increased and reached almost high values. The source of the tremor was located at an altitude of 2800 m, and thus at the base level of the summit plateau from which the crater cones emanate. In the context of the weekend paroxysmal episode, events suggest that the next paroxysm may already be preparing.
Yesterday, a new weekly bulletin on Etna was published, which will only appear when there are actual eruptions on Etna. According to this bulletin, there were already clearer signs of an imminent eruption in the run-up to the eruption than had been publicly known to date. According to this, the small swarm earthquake ofMay 28 [18 May]** also started a ground uplift due to magma intrusion. Apparently, there was also more intense strombolian activity from Southeast Crater, but this remained hidden from our view due to bad weather. In this respect, there was probably already the usual buildup of tension before a paroxysm in the run-up to the main paroxysmal phase of the eruption.
The Bulletin also published a thermal map based on a satellite image that not only shows two lava flows emanating from Southeast Crater during the paroxysm, but also depicts a pronounced thermal anomaly in Central Crater.
A 3D representation of the tremor source is interesting. It was not located directly under the southeast crater, but a bit further east under the Valle del Bove. This correlates with the observation of the warm ground spot east of the crater cone, which was discovered two days before the paroxysm. Apparently, the lava had indeed attempted a breakthrough here first.
Geochemical analysis of gas samples showed INGV volcanologists that the newly ascended primitive magma probably intruded into an older magma body with residual melt. This magma body could be the same one that provided the melt from the last two lava flows last year.
Summary:
Etna has current weak strombolian eruptions from 3 of the 4 main craters.
Ground uplift occurred in the summit area prior to Sunday's paroxysm.
Freshly risen magma mixed with residual melt.
END OF ARTICLE
Here the article from, ** 19 May 2023, about the 18th May earthquake swarm below Etna
19 May
Swarm quake and tremor near the South East Crater: volcanic eruption imminent
As can now be seen on INGV's shakemap, a swarm earthquake manifested itself already yesterday afternoon around 3 pm southeast of New Southeast Crater. The night before, the already mentioned earthquake sequence occurred on the lower eastern flank of the volcano. In the morning, tremor set in and weak strombolian eruptions were initially detected in Bocca Nuova. In the evening, activity changed towards New Southeast Crater, where red glow could be seen at a vent near the summit. Some webcam observers apparently spotted weak strombolian or lava spattering from this vent.
While earthquake activity has since subsided, tremors remain elevated, indicating that magmatic fluids are moving within the volcano. They are looking for an exit.
From the comments posted on social media by some volcano enthusiasts, one can see that there has been some unwarranted alarmism and fear of imminent catastrophic eruptions. As regular Vnet readers most likely know, large eruptions with catastrophic consequences at Etna are the exception rather than the rule, and such volcanic eruptions usually announce themselves with much stronger portents. What we can expect now is eruptive activity in the summit region of the volcano. How exactly this will look is still unclear.
Swarm quakes and tremors make me suspect that a dyke is working on its breakthrough in the area of New Southeast Crater. Based on current information, I think the most likely scenario is that a lava flow will again occur in the northeast basal area of the crater, as we saw twice last year. Another possibility is strombolian activity in the central crater or even paroxysms, although the seismic activity of the last months was too low for the latter.
Although nothing can be ruled out on Etna, I think a major flank eruption, with lava flows reaching inhabited areas, is unlikely at the moment. If there were such a strong inflation, I am sure we would have already read a statement to that effect from the volcanologists at INGV. There is probably continuous magma upwelling that is slowly charging the volcano, but a critical limit of ground uplift above which a major eruption should be expected has apparently not yet been reached.
Summary:
Yesterday, 2 swarm earthquakes occurred on Etna.
They were located on the lower eastern flank and just below the NSEC.
In the afternoon, tremors started which continue until now.
There was weak strombolian activity.
A lava flow could break through in the next hours/days.
END OF ARTICLE
24 May 2023
INGV Catania, published a special report about Etna's recent eruption, which German Vulkane.net wrote about as follows:
Eruptionen am Ätna - News vom 24.05.23 - Vulkane Net Newsblog
Am Ätna auf Sizilien gab es letzte Nacht strombolianische Eruptionen aus drei der vier Hauptkrater. Nicht aktiv war der Nordostkrater.
www.vulkane.net
Strombolian eruptions on Etna
State: Italy | Coordinates: 37.73, 15.00 | Activity: Fumarolic
Tonight, INGV Catania published a special report on activity at Etna. The volcanologists' networks registered weak strombolian eruptions emanating from the Southeast Crater. The report goes on to say that Voragine has also become active and is erupting in a strombolian manner. The infrasound sensors also recorded events coming from the direction of Bocca Nuova. Thus, three of the 4 main Etna craters became active. In addition, the tremor increased and reached almost high values. The source of the tremor was located at an altitude of 2800 m, and thus at the base level of the summit plateau from which the crater cones emanate. In the context of the weekend paroxysmal episode, events suggest that the next paroxysm may already be preparing.
Yesterday, a new weekly bulletin on Etna was published, which will only appear when there are actual eruptions on Etna. According to this bulletin, there were already clearer signs of an imminent eruption in the run-up to the eruption than had been publicly known to date. According to this, the small swarm earthquake of
The Bulletin also published a thermal map based on a satellite image that not only shows two lava flows emanating from Southeast Crater during the paroxysm, but also depicts a pronounced thermal anomaly in Central Crater.
A 3D representation of the tremor source is interesting. It was not located directly under the southeast crater, but a bit further east under the Valle del Bove. This correlates with the observation of the warm ground spot east of the crater cone, which was discovered two days before the paroxysm. Apparently, the lava had indeed attempted a breakthrough here first.
Geochemical analysis of gas samples showed INGV volcanologists that the newly ascended primitive magma probably intruded into an older magma body with residual melt. This magma body could be the same one that provided the melt from the last two lava flows last year.
Summary:
Etna has current weak strombolian eruptions from 3 of the 4 main craters.Ground uplift occurred in the summit area prior to Sunday's paroxysm.Freshly risen magma mixed with residual melt.END OF ARTICLE
Here the article from, ** 19 May 2023, about the 18th May earthquake swarm below Etna
Ätna mit Schwarmbeben und Tremor - News am 19.05.23 - Vulkane Net Newsblog
Gestern kam es am Ätna zu einem Schwarmbeben nahe des Gipfelbereichs und es wurde Tremor registriert. Ein Vulkanausbruch könnte bevorstehen.
www.vulkane.net
19 May
Swarm quake and tremor near the South East Crater: volcanic eruption imminent
As can now be seen on INGV's shakemap, a swarm earthquake manifested itself already yesterday afternoon around 3 pm southeast of New Southeast Crater. The night before, the already mentioned earthquake sequence occurred on the lower eastern flank of the volcano. In the morning, tremor set in and weak strombolian eruptions were initially detected in Bocca Nuova. In the evening, activity changed towards New Southeast Crater, where red glow could be seen at a vent near the summit. Some webcam observers apparently spotted weak strombolian or lava spattering from this vent.
While earthquake activity has since subsided, tremors remain elevated, indicating that magmatic fluids are moving within the volcano. They are looking for an exit.
From the comments posted on social media by some volcano enthusiasts, one can see that there has been some unwarranted alarmism and fear of imminent catastrophic eruptions. As regular Vnet readers most likely know, large eruptions with catastrophic consequences at Etna are the exception rather than the rule, and such volcanic eruptions usually announce themselves with much stronger portents. What we can expect now is eruptive activity in the summit region of the volcano. How exactly this will look is still unclear.
Swarm quakes and tremors make me suspect that a dyke is working on its breakthrough in the area of New Southeast Crater. Based on current information, I think the most likely scenario is that a lava flow will again occur in the northeast basal area of the crater, as we saw twice last year. Another possibility is strombolian activity in the central crater or even paroxysms, although the seismic activity of the last months was too low for the latter.
Although nothing can be ruled out on Etna, I think a major flank eruption, with lava flows reaching inhabited areas, is unlikely at the moment. If there were such a strong inflation, I am sure we would have already read a statement to that effect from the volcanologists at INGV. There is probably continuous magma upwelling that is slowly charging the volcano, but a critical limit of ground uplift above which a major eruption should be expected has apparently not yet been reached.
Summary:
Yesterday, 2 swarm earthquakes occurred on Etna.They were located on the lower eastern flank and just below the NSEC.In the afternoon, tremors started which continue until now.There was weak strombolian activity.A lava flow could break through in the next hours/days.END OF ARTICLE
I can't find the twit now, but I saw one that said that the Reventador volcano, in Ecuador, as well as the Volcan de Fuego in Guatemala were also active. I've found a note on the Fuego volcano:
www.cbsnews.com
Then I saw this website and it seems that, as the title of this thread says, volcanoes are erupting all over:
It seems that there isn't a major eruption, fortunately, just eruptions all over.
Regarding the Popocateptl, yesterday it seemed that the activity was somewhat milder but I see that there are some reports of intense activity during the night and this morning again, people are watching it closely and the government is already preparing for evacuation in case this is needed. So far, they think it isn't necessary just yet.
The "experts" say that they don't think the volcano is going to have a major eruption but it might last a few months with this kind of activity.
english.elpais.com
Let's hope they're right about no major eruptions.
Guatemala's Fuego volcano erupts, spewing ash into the air and forcing over 1,000 to evacuate
The ash column ejected by the volcano reached some 19,000 feet above sea level.
www.cbsnews.com
Then I saw this website and it seems that, as the title of this thread says, volcanoes are erupting all over:
Which volcanoes are erupting? - List & map of active volcanoes erupting at present
Which volcanoes are erupting? - List & map of active volcanoes erupting at present
www.volcanoesandearthquakes.com
It seems that there isn't a major eruption, fortunately, just eruptions all over.
Regarding the Popocateptl, yesterday it seemed that the activity was somewhat milder but I see that there are some reports of intense activity during the night and this morning again, people are watching it closely and the government is already preparing for evacuation in case this is needed. So far, they think it isn't necessary just yet.
During this early morning, the #Popocatépetl has had episodes of tremor interspersed by a few hours of relative calm.
At 5:03 h a slight explosion was recorded.
Around 7:00 h, tremor associated with ash emission increased again.
Dispersion to the southeast towards the Puebla side.
YELLOW 3
The "experts" say that they don't think the volcano is going to have a major eruption but it might last a few months with this kind of activity.
Scientists predict months of ash from Popocatépetl but say major eruption is unlikely
After hundreds of explosions and more than 40 hours of continuous emissions, researchers believe the Mexican volcano will stabilize but with high levels of activity
Let's hope they're right about no major eruptions.
XPan
The Living Force
Ricon de la Vieja, Costa Rica
26 May 2023
Rincon de la Vieja with eruption
State: Costa Rica | Coordinates: 10.83, -85.32 | Activity: Phreatic
In Costa Rica, according to media reports, a phreatic eruption has occurred at the Rincon de la Vieja volcano. An eruption cloud of water vapor, volcanic gases and some volcanic ash rose up to 3000 m above the crater. There was no VONA warning, probably because mainly water vapor was erupted.
A smaller phreatic eruption was already reported a few days ago. These occur when water is heated by a volcano's geothermal energy to such an extent that it vaporizes explosively. In contrast to phreatomagmatic eruptions, there is no direct contact between water and magma. Phreatic eruptions are not completely harmless, because they usually come without warning and hurl chunks of incrusting rock through the area, which pose a danger to people in the vicinity of the crater. Also, lahars can occur, especially when the phreatic eruptions rise from a crater lake, as is the case here. The crater with the lake is a good 500 m in diameter. Should a major eruption occur, the potential hazard is particularly high due to the crater lake. Especially if a fissure should form in the crater wall, through which the crater lake drains, a catastrophe is pre-programmed.
Rincon de la Vieja is a 1916 m high complex volcano with two crater cones rising from a 5 km diameter caldera. This complex of crater cones is called Santa Maria.
The volcano is part of the Rincón de la Vieja National Park, located in the province of Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. It is one of six active volcanoes in Costa Rica. It is not only the volcano that interests visitors to the national park, but also the diverse flora and fauna. Due to the volcanic activity, there are certain areas in the park that may be restricted to visit due to potential hazards. Therefore, visitors should always check current conditions before visiting the volcano and the national park.
Summary:
• A phreatic eruption occurred at Rincon de la Vieja.
• An eruption cloud rose a good 3000 m high.
• It consisted mainly of water vapor.
END OF ARTICLE
en.wikipedia.org
26 May 2023
Vulkan Rincon de la Vieja - News vom 26.05.23 - Vulkane Net Newsblog
In Costa Rica ist es laut Medienberichten zu einer phreatischen Eruption am Vulkan Rincon de la Vieja gekommen.
www.vulkane.net
Rincon de la Vieja with eruption
State: Costa Rica | Coordinates: 10.83, -85.32 | Activity: Phreatic
In Costa Rica, according to media reports, a phreatic eruption has occurred at the Rincon de la Vieja volcano. An eruption cloud of water vapor, volcanic gases and some volcanic ash rose up to 3000 m above the crater. There was no VONA warning, probably because mainly water vapor was erupted.
A smaller phreatic eruption was already reported a few days ago. These occur when water is heated by a volcano's geothermal energy to such an extent that it vaporizes explosively. In contrast to phreatomagmatic eruptions, there is no direct contact between water and magma. Phreatic eruptions are not completely harmless, because they usually come without warning and hurl chunks of incrusting rock through the area, which pose a danger to people in the vicinity of the crater. Also, lahars can occur, especially when the phreatic eruptions rise from a crater lake, as is the case here. The crater with the lake is a good 500 m in diameter. Should a major eruption occur, the potential hazard is particularly high due to the crater lake. Especially if a fissure should form in the crater wall, through which the crater lake drains, a catastrophe is pre-programmed.
Rincon de la Vieja is a 1916 m high complex volcano with two crater cones rising from a 5 km diameter caldera. This complex of crater cones is called Santa Maria.
The volcano is part of the Rincón de la Vieja National Park, located in the province of Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. It is one of six active volcanoes in Costa Rica. It is not only the volcano that interests visitors to the national park, but also the diverse flora and fauna. Due to the volcanic activity, there are certain areas in the park that may be restricted to visit due to potential hazards. Therefore, visitors should always check current conditions before visiting the volcano and the national park.
Summary:
• A phreatic eruption occurred at Rincon de la Vieja.
• An eruption cloud rose a good 3000 m high.
• It consisted mainly of water vapor.
END OF ARTICLE
Rincón de la Vieja Volcano - Wikipedia
According to the analysis of the scientific advisory committee of #Popocatépetl, after the overflight conducted yesterday by SEMAR, the presence of a lava dome was not observed. Highlights:
-The main crater is filled with tephra and ash.
-Current activity is expected to continue with ash emissions and moderate to large explosions (like those seen recently).
No change in alert level:
YELLOW 3.
-The main crater is filled with tephra and ash.
-Current activity is expected to continue with ash emissions and moderate to large explosions (like those seen recently).
No change in alert level:
YELLOW 3.
XPan
The Living Force
Popocatépetl, Mexico
I found a few thermographic videos taken at the crater of Popocatépetl, from the images @mbar was referring to.
Oh, by the way; a special "guest" has arrived in Puebla
I found a few thermographic videos taken at the crater of Popocatépetl, from the images @mbar was referring to.
Oh, by the way; a special "guest" has arrived in Puebla
XPan
The Living Force
Etna, Sicily - Italy
28 May 2023
A light M 4.0 earthquake occurred on the east side of Etna, which however was a bit stronger than the usual ones. I looked at the volcanic tremor graph, but Etna is calm in that regard, residing within the "green" zone (low), but the earthquake spike is clearly visible
Vulkane.net wrote:
New earthquake sequence at Etna
This morning there was another earthquake sequence at the Sicilian volcano Etna. According to INGV, the earthquakes started at 04:34:41 UTC In the northeast of the volcano, with some tremors with magnitudes smaller than 2. Only 10 minutes later, there was a moderate earthquake ML 4.0 felt by residents. It had a hypocenter at 6 km depth. Other weaker earthquakes followed. The epicenters were located at the edge of the Valle del Bove, about 1.2 km from Refugio Citelli.
Volcanologists from INGV issued two timely reports on the quakes. Volcanologist Alessandro Bonforte also commented on the series of quakes in the media. He said, mutatis mutandis, that the tremors are not related to the last eruption. Realistically, the INGV researcher says that the volcano has been recharging for some time, and that further research (which is already underway) should show whether the earthquakes were volcanic or tectonic. Which I think is often mutually dependent at Etna.
In fact, I am on Etna right now, but neither my son, nor I felt the tremors, although I probably woke up around the time of the tremors, but without being able to remember any tremors. However, we were also sleeping south of the volcano and a few kilometers from the epicenters.
During the day we were on top of Etna and could admire a strongly steaming New Southeast Crater. However, we did not see any eruptions. Also at night the volcano showed no red glow.
For us, of course, the question arises whether the quakes are related to magma ascent. Now it is completely open if and when the next eruption will occur. Today we spend the night in Milo, practically in sight of the epicenters of yesterday. Let's see if something will shake here today!
END OF ARTICLE
28 May 2023
A light M 4.0 earthquake occurred on the east side of Etna, which however was a bit stronger than the usual ones. I looked at the volcanic tremor graph, but Etna is calm in that regard, residing within the "green" zone (low), but the earthquake spike is clearly visible
Vulkane.net wrote:
Vulkan Ätna - News am 28.05.23 - Vulkane Net Newsblog
Heute Morgen gab es einen weitere Erdbebensequenz am sizilianischen Vulkan Ätna.
www.vulkane.net
New earthquake sequence at Etna
This morning there was another earthquake sequence at the Sicilian volcano Etna. According to INGV, the earthquakes started at 04:34:41 UTC In the northeast of the volcano, with some tremors with magnitudes smaller than 2. Only 10 minutes later, there was a moderate earthquake ML 4.0 felt by residents. It had a hypocenter at 6 km depth. Other weaker earthquakes followed. The epicenters were located at the edge of the Valle del Bove, about 1.2 km from Refugio Citelli.
Volcanologists from INGV issued two timely reports on the quakes. Volcanologist Alessandro Bonforte also commented on the series of quakes in the media. He said, mutatis mutandis, that the tremors are not related to the last eruption. Realistically, the INGV researcher says that the volcano has been recharging for some time, and that further research (which is already underway) should show whether the earthquakes were volcanic or tectonic. Which I think is often mutually dependent at Etna.
In fact, I am on Etna right now, but neither my son, nor I felt the tremors, although I probably woke up around the time of the tremors, but without being able to remember any tremors. However, we were also sleeping south of the volcano and a few kilometers from the epicenters.
During the day we were on top of Etna and could admire a strongly steaming New Southeast Crater. However, we did not see any eruptions. Also at night the volcano showed no red glow.
For us, of course, the question arises whether the quakes are related to magma ascent. Now it is completely open if and when the next eruption will occur. Today we spend the night in Milo, practically in sight of the epicenters of yesterday. Let's see if something will shake here today!
END OF ARTICLE
XPan
The Living Force
Sakurajima, Japan
7 June 2023
This time Sakurajima has been erupting with an eruption style, where it spew dense ash clouds over the course of 1 hour. In addition inflation is being reported, indicating that magma is accumulating in greater depth below Sakurajima volcano.
German Vulkane.net reported following:
Long-lasting ash eruption with inflation at Sakurajima
by Marc Szeglat
Country: Japan | Coordinates: 31.581, 130.659 | Activity: Explosive
An ash eruption occurred at Japan's Sakurajima volcano today that lasted for nearly an hour. There is a VONA message indicating an ash cloud that reached a height of 3700 m above sea level. Volcanologists from JMA reported volcanic ash rising 2500 m above crater level. The two indications coincide. The drift direction of the ash cloud was southeast. on the livestream recording, you can see that the volcanic ash rained down at the base of Sakurajima, leaving a dense haze.
In their report, Japanese volcanologists write that about an hour before the eruption, there was a slight crustal expansion recorded by extensiometers at the volcano. It was a result of magma inflation. The freshly ascended material was almost completely erupted during the eruption, so that the crustal strain was reduced again. The eruption occurred from the main crater Minamidake. Only some steam rose from Showadake. The explosion ejected larger lava blocks as far as the 8th gauging station, located about 700 m from the crater rim.
In their report, the scientists again point out that the floor of the Aira Caldera, which occupies much of Kagoshima Bay and in which Sakurajima is located, is slowly rising. In addition, the sulfur dioxide emission is high, which is another indication that magma continues to accumulate at greater depths. Accordingly, eruptive activity at Sakurajima could increase. Larger explosions are capable of throwing volcanic blocks and bombs as far as the inhabited area at the base of the volcano. There is also a risk of pyroclastic flows and lahars being generated. Pressure waves from strong explosions are capable of breaking window panes, the statement added. Flying glass fragments could injure people. Climbing the volcano remains prohibited.
END OF ARTICLE
7 June 2023
This time Sakurajima has been erupting with an eruption style, where it spew dense ash clouds over the course of 1 hour. In addition inflation is being reported, indicating that magma is accumulating in greater depth below Sakurajima volcano.
German Vulkane.net reported following:
Vulkan Sakurajima mit Eruption am 07.06.23 - Vulkane Net Newsblog
Heute ereignete sich am japanischen Vulkan Sakurajima eine Ascheeruption, die fast eine Stunde lang anhielt.
www.vulkane.net
Long-lasting ash eruption with inflation at Sakurajima
by Marc Szeglat
Country: Japan | Coordinates: 31.581, 130.659 | Activity: Explosive
An ash eruption occurred at Japan's Sakurajima volcano today that lasted for nearly an hour. There is a VONA message indicating an ash cloud that reached a height of 3700 m above sea level. Volcanologists from JMA reported volcanic ash rising 2500 m above crater level. The two indications coincide. The drift direction of the ash cloud was southeast. on the livestream recording, you can see that the volcanic ash rained down at the base of Sakurajima, leaving a dense haze.
In their report, Japanese volcanologists write that about an hour before the eruption, there was a slight crustal expansion recorded by extensiometers at the volcano. It was a result of magma inflation. The freshly ascended material was almost completely erupted during the eruption, so that the crustal strain was reduced again. The eruption occurred from the main crater Minamidake. Only some steam rose from Showadake. The explosion ejected larger lava blocks as far as the 8th gauging station, located about 700 m from the crater rim.
In their report, the scientists again point out that the floor of the Aira Caldera, which occupies much of Kagoshima Bay and in which Sakurajima is located, is slowly rising. In addition, the sulfur dioxide emission is high, which is another indication that magma continues to accumulate at greater depths. Accordingly, eruptive activity at Sakurajima could increase. Larger explosions are capable of throwing volcanic blocks and bombs as far as the inhabited area at the base of the volcano. There is also a risk of pyroclastic flows and lahars being generated. Pressure waves from strong explosions are capable of breaking window panes, the statement added. Flying glass fragments could injure people. Climbing the volcano remains prohibited.
END OF ARTICLE
XPan
The Living Force
Vesuvius, Italy
6 June 2023
Increase of seismicity at Vesuvius in Italy
Date 5 June 2023 | Time: 03:54:13 UTC | 40.82 N ; 14.43 E | Depth: 3 km | Mb 2.5
At the Italian volcano Vesuvius the seismicity increased in the last days. This month, 26 tremors have already manifested themselves. The strongest earthquake occurred yesterday and had a magnitude of 2.5. The hypocenter was located at a depth of 3 km, according to INGV. Already on June 1, there was a tremor with a magnitude of 2.3, but the quake was much shallower and had a focal depth of only 300 meters. The epicenter was south of the crater. Most of the other earthquakes had magnitudes in the range of microseismicity and were similarly shallow. INGV researchers believe that the seismicity at Vesuvius is not caused by rising magma, but by a weak contraction of the conveyor system, which continues to cool. Whether yesterday's quake at 3 km depth fits this pattern is still unclear.
More skeletons found in Pompeii
What is clear, however, is that Vesuvius owes its sad notoriety to the great eruption in 79 that destroyed the cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiea. Thousands met their deaths in pyroclastic flows that slid down the volcanic slopes, destroying everything in their path. Today, almost 2000 years after the catastrophe, deaths are still being found. Recently, 3 skeletons were discovered during excavations in Pompeii. The archaeologists discovered them in a corner of an ancient bakery. Presumably they had sought shelter in the room in vain. Their undoing was the collapsing ceiling of the building, which gave way under the weight of the ash deposits. The three people were 2 women and a young child aged 3 or 4.
The remains were excavated in an area known as Regio IX, which was a commercial part of Pompeii before new excavations were started. The skeletons were found in an area that had already been excavated and still had 40 cm of intact soil that no one had tampered with until now.
For some time now, other parts of Pompeii have been excavated that have not yet been touched. I am sure that we will hear about more interesting finds soon.
END OF ARTICLE
6 June 2023
Erdbeben am Vesuv - News vom 06.06.23 - Vulkane Net Newsblog
Am italienischen Vulkan Vesuv steigerte sich in den letzten Tagen die Seismizität. In diesem Monat ereigneten sich bereit 26 Erschütterungen.
www.vulkane.net
Increase of seismicity at Vesuvius in Italy
Date 5 June 2023 | Time: 03:54:13 UTC | 40.82 N ; 14.43 E | Depth: 3 km | Mb 2.5
At the Italian volcano Vesuvius the seismicity increased in the last days. This month, 26 tremors have already manifested themselves. The strongest earthquake occurred yesterday and had a magnitude of 2.5. The hypocenter was located at a depth of 3 km, according to INGV. Already on June 1, there was a tremor with a magnitude of 2.3, but the quake was much shallower and had a focal depth of only 300 meters. The epicenter was south of the crater. Most of the other earthquakes had magnitudes in the range of microseismicity and were similarly shallow. INGV researchers believe that the seismicity at Vesuvius is not caused by rising magma, but by a weak contraction of the conveyor system, which continues to cool. Whether yesterday's quake at 3 km depth fits this pattern is still unclear.
More skeletons found in Pompeii
What is clear, however, is that Vesuvius owes its sad notoriety to the great eruption in 79 that destroyed the cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiea. Thousands met their deaths in pyroclastic flows that slid down the volcanic slopes, destroying everything in their path. Today, almost 2000 years after the catastrophe, deaths are still being found. Recently, 3 skeletons were discovered during excavations in Pompeii. The archaeologists discovered them in a corner of an ancient bakery. Presumably they had sought shelter in the room in vain. Their undoing was the collapsing ceiling of the building, which gave way under the weight of the ash deposits. The three people were 2 women and a young child aged 3 or 4.
The remains were excavated in an area known as Regio IX, which was a commercial part of Pompeii before new excavations were started. The skeletons were found in an area that had already been excavated and still had 40 cm of intact soil that no one had tampered with until now.
For some time now, other parts of Pompeii have been excavated that have not yet been touched. I am sure that we will hear about more interesting finds soon.
END OF ARTICLE
XPan
The Living Force
Kilauea, Hawai'i
7 June 2023
Of course, German Vulkane.net also reported from the ongoing eruption of the Kilauea volcano on the Big Island of Hawai'i. The article as follow:
Eruption at Kilauea
June 7, 2023 by Marc Szeglat
State: USA | Location: 19.42, -155.29 | Activity: lava lake
New eruption at Kilauea has started
Even as I was writing the message below, an eruption occurred at Kilauea in Hawaii a few minutes ago. As can be read below, a strong swarm quake preceded the eruption. Several vents opened at the bottom of Halema'uma'u crater, from which small lava fronts are rising. The bottom of the crater is currently flooded with lava. It is likely that a lava lake will form again.
Volcanic tremor started around 14:43 UTC. It started with the earthquake I described below. It was 04:43:27 local time in Hawaii. The eruption did not come as a surprise, because already in the last weeks I often reported about increased seismicity and ground uplift at Kilauea. I was rather surprised that it took so long until the eruption started.
The raw deformation data show a respectable flank displacement of 30 µrad at the start of the eruption. So a respectable magma body has finally risen. Shortly before, there was a sudden drop in ground elevation, as if the volcano goddess Pele had exhaled heavily before taking a deep breath and sneezing.
I have summarized the live data and a webcam of Kilauea for you on an extra page. More detailed information is of course available at HVO. But of course I will stay on the ball for you.
The HVO reacted quickly and started a livestream which I embed here:
By the way, the stream was found by club member and researcher Manfred.
Original message:
This afternoon, the summit region of Kilauea volcano in Hawaii will be rocked by an earthquake swarm. The EMSC reported so far a good 30 tremors with magnitudes from 2.0, which manifested themselves in the vicinity of the Halema'uma'u crater. The strongest shaking brought it to ML 3.5 (initially a magnitude of 4.0 was reported), followed by a magnitude 3.6 quake. I assume that there are a significantly larger number of weaker quakes that are not reported by the EMSC. The focal depths are at sea level. I suspect a connection with fluid movement in the subsurface and I would not be surprised if we see an eruption in the next few hours. In fact, we are currently seeing deflation as it occurs just before an eruption.
END OF ARTICLE
7 June 2023
Of course, German Vulkane.net also reported from the ongoing eruption of the Kilauea volcano on the Big Island of Hawai'i. The article as follow:
Eruption am Kilauea - News vom 07.06.23 - Vulkane Net Newsblog
Am Kilauea auf Hawaii setzte heute Nachmittag eine neue Eruption im Halema'uma'u-Krater ein. Es werden Lavafontänen gefördert.
www.vulkane.net
Eruption at Kilauea
June 7, 2023 by Marc Szeglat
State: USA | Location: 19.42, -155.29 | Activity: lava lake
New eruption at Kilauea has started
Even as I was writing the message below, an eruption occurred at Kilauea in Hawaii a few minutes ago. As can be read below, a strong swarm quake preceded the eruption. Several vents opened at the bottom of Halema'uma'u crater, from which small lava fronts are rising. The bottom of the crater is currently flooded with lava. It is likely that a lava lake will form again.
Volcanic tremor started around 14:43 UTC. It started with the earthquake I described below. It was 04:43:27 local time in Hawaii. The eruption did not come as a surprise, because already in the last weeks I often reported about increased seismicity and ground uplift at Kilauea. I was rather surprised that it took so long until the eruption started.
The raw deformation data show a respectable flank displacement of 30 µrad at the start of the eruption. So a respectable magma body has finally risen. Shortly before, there was a sudden drop in ground elevation, as if the volcano goddess Pele had exhaled heavily before taking a deep breath and sneezing.
I have summarized the live data and a webcam of Kilauea for you on an extra page. More detailed information is of course available at HVO. But of course I will stay on the ball for you.
The HVO reacted quickly and started a livestream which I embed here:
By the way, the stream was found by club member and researcher Manfred.
Original message:
This afternoon, the summit region of Kilauea volcano in Hawaii will be rocked by an earthquake swarm. The EMSC reported so far a good 30 tremors with magnitudes from 2.0, which manifested themselves in the vicinity of the Halema'uma'u crater. The strongest shaking brought it to ML 3.5 (initially a magnitude of 4.0 was reported), followed by a magnitude 3.6 quake. I assume that there are a significantly larger number of weaker quakes that are not reported by the EMSC. The focal depths are at sea level. I suspect a connection with fluid movement in the subsurface and I would not be surprised if we see an eruption in the next few hours. In fact, we are currently seeing deflation as it occurs just before an eruption.
END OF ARTICLE