In Mozambique, they did not know the ship with its cargo was on its wayWas it a knock-off brand? Was it actually ANFO? Basically, who did the shipper get it from, where was it produced, and who was the intended buyer? Was it intended to be used for IEDs, as Pepe suggests?
According to most sources, it was destined for Mozambique, but one finds on Beirut explosions: Mozambique with no notification on Rhosus, the ship carrying 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate – Lusa
Beirut explosions: Mozambique with no notification on Rhosus, the ship carrying 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate – Lusa
5:02 CAT | 05 Aug 2020
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This story about Mozambique may have been a cover, but there are other international ports too, like Pemba in Cabo Delgado, Nacala and Maputo. It is not clear why they were not asked.Cornelder, the managing company of the port of Beira, told Lusa on Wednesday that it had never been notified of the operation of a ship containing 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate destined for Mozambique, a cargo that may have caused the explosions in Lebanon.
- State unaware of Beira-bound ship carrying ammonium nitrate confiscated in Beirut in 2013
“Normally, before receiving a ship, we are notified. In this case, we never received any notification from a ship coming to the port of Beira with these characteristics and cargo,” said António Libombo, deputy executive director of Cornelder, concessionaire of the Port of Beira since 1998.
Based on the ship’s records and port schedules, the Associated Press speculated that the ship carrying ammonium nitrate, a cargo that is said to have caused explosions in the port of Beirut, was destined for Mozambique, having docked at Beirut port due to mechanical problems in 2013.
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More on ammonium nitrate
From Beirut blast: Tracing the explosives that tore the capital apart
If ammonium nitrate is a fertilizer, why was it not proposed or maybe reported above, to sell the AN to an agricultural agency, or were they simply ignorant of that possibility, or was it too pure to risk? It would make sense to propose only the above if it was somehow mainly treated or intended for use in explosives. However, if it was ANFO, one should think that it would smell pretty bad or at least very different from pure fertilizers, which are just salts. To complete the story about ammonium nitrate, here are a few details about its qualities:The ship's dangerous cargo was then offloaded and placed in Hangar 12 of Beirut port, a large grey structure facing the country's main north-south highway at the main entrance to the capital.
Months later, on June 27, 2014, then-director of Lebanese Customs Shafik Merhi sent a letter addressed to an unnamed "Urgent Matters judge", asking for a solution to the cargo, according to documents shared online.
Customs officials sent at least five more letters over the next three years - on December 5, 2014, May 6, 2015, May 20, 2016, October 13, 2016, and October 27, 2017 - asking for guidance and warning that the material posed a danger, Badri Daher, the current director of Lebanese Customs, told broadcaster LBCI on Wednesday.
They proposed three options: Export the ammonium nitrate, hand it over to the Lebanese Army, or sell it to the privately-owned Lebanese Explosives Company.
Fertilizers ammonium nitrate - Big Chemical Encyclopedia
chempedia.info
Perhaps they use other forms of fertilizer in Lebanon, since it is warmer.Ammonium nitrate fertilizer incorporates nitrogen in both of the forms taken up by crops ammonia and nitrate ion. Fertilizers (qv) containing only ammoniacal nitrogen are often less effective, as many important crops tend to take up nitrogen mainly in the nitrate form and the ammonium ions must be transformed into nitrate by soil organisms before the nitrogen is readily available. This transformation is slow in cool, temperate zone soils. Thus, ammonium nitrate is a preferred source of fertilizer nitrogen in some countries. [Pg.365]
And Fertilizer nitrogen - Big Chemical Encyclopedia
And:Ammonium nitrate [6484-S2-2J, NH4 NO3, formula wt 80.04, is the most commercially important ammonium compound both in terms of production volume and usage. It is the principal component of most industrial explosives and nonmilitary blasting compositions however, it is used primarily as a nitrogen fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate does not occur in nature because it is very soluble. [Pg.364]
Nitrate ammonium - Big Chemical Encyclopedia
chempedia.info
The above mention of two forms brings up the question which form was stored in Beirut and what the temperature was.The thermal instability of ammonium nitrate means that the volume of the reactors must be kept as small as possible, the acid used must be as free from impurities as possible and the reaction must be controlled so as to avoid the presence of excess acid. [Pg.201]
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Posttreatment is necessary, because ammonium nitrate is highly hygroscopic. In view of its strong oxidizing power, only inorganic substances such as attapulgite, kieselguhr or clay can be used. [Pg.201]
In the Federal Republic of Germany, the use of pure ammonium nitrate as a fertilizer is forbidden on safety grounds. Mixtures, particularly with calcium carbonate, are used instead. Currently mixtures with N-contents of up to 28% are allowed. [Pg.201]
Ammonium nitrate (NH4N03), a colorless crystalline solid, occurs in two forms (1) a-ammonium nitrate (tetragonal crystals, stable between -16°C and 32°C melting point 169.9°C density 1.66) and (2) (3-ammonium nitrate (rhombic or monoclinic crystals, stable between 32°C and 84°C with decomposition occurring above 210°C density 1.725). [Pg.53]
In the article from Aljazzera.com there was also:
43 meters is probably after some of the surrounding material has collapsed. Might it have been deeper still?Here are the latest updates:
Sunday, August 9
07:13 GMT - Beirut port blast crater 43 metres deep, says security official
The huge ammonium nitrate explosion in Beirut's port that devastated much of the city left a crater 43 metres (141 feet) deep, a security official.
"The explosion in the port left a crater 43 meters deep" Tuesday, the official told AFP, citing reports by French experts conducting an assessment of the disaster area.