Biochemical and Physiological Changes caused by the Fight/Flight Response
All the biological, psychological, chemical and physiological changes brought about by the fight/flight response are designed to give us extra strength and speed to help us fight or run away. They are vital in the short-term but in the long-term they can have a potentially negative impact on our physical, psychological and social well-being. Some of the changes that occur include:
Blood Flow
Our muscles are a vital part of fight-flight. Blood flow to our muscles is increased by 300%, by being diverted from less important areas like the skin.
Blood Pressure
In order to pump the extra blood, oxygen, fats and sugars to the muscles to supply energy, our blood pressure and heart rate increase.
Blood Sugar and Fats Increase
Stored reserves of fats and sugars are converted and released into our blood stream to supply extra energy to fight or run away.
Blood Clotting
The blood clots more quickly, to help reduce the risk of blood loss if we are injured in fighting or fleeing.
Red Blood Cells Increase
The spleen manufactures more of the oxygen-carrying, red blood cells and releases them into the blood stream in order to get more oxygen to our muscles.
Breathing Rate Increases
The muscles need extra oxygen for fight-flight. To supply this extra oxygen requirement our breathing rate speeds up and the airways in the lungs widen. Breathing switches from relaxed, slow, diaphragmatic breathing, to fast, shallow, chest breathing.
Muscles Tense
In order to give us extra speed and strength the muscles of our body tense.
Digestion slows
Blood is diverted from less vital areas such as digestion, to more vital areas such as muscles; digestion slows and stomach acidity increases.
Pupils Dilate
In order to help us see more clearly, our pupils widen to let in more light.
Hearing
Our hearing becomes sharper.
Perspiration Increases
During fight/flight our metabolic rate increases and so we get hotter because of all the biochemical reactions going on in the body; to help prevent us from over-heating we need to cool down so perspiration increases.
Dry Mouth
Our mouth dries up and digestive juices reduce as blood is diverted from less important areas to provide energy needed elsewhere in the body.
Fear/Anxiety
The stress hormone adrenaline, primes an area of the brain called the Amygdala to feel increased anxiety and fear, our thoughts race and we can think more quickly.