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]Macron's "Great National Debate": What to Expect?
The machine is running. Emmanuel Macron and the government on Tuesday 18 December outlined the main lines of the "great debate" which should provide a political solution to the "yellow vest" crisis. What will this famous "great national debate" look like?
A two-phase debate
The Head of State indicated that "the major national consultation" will take place in two phases:
"The first, which has already begun and will last
until mid-January, should make it possible to nurture the momentum generated by the mayors, who have already begun to report the results of their exchanges with their constituents," explained the Elysée at the end of the meeting.
The second phase will start in mid-January and will last "two full months". It will focus "on the themes announced by the Prime Minister, around specific questions on which the French will be invited to debate". The consultation should therefore be completed
by mid-March, and not by 1 March 2019, as has been done so far.
Mayors at work
The executive had already indicated that this debate should be strongly supported by mayors, on a voluntary basis. "Mayors who so wish - they will not be obliged to - will be able to participate in the organisation of this debate", said Edouard Philippe, on 21 December, during a trip to Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche (Haute-Vienne).
The ministers will also be in the front line, as shown by the trip, starting this Monday, of the Secretary of State to the Minister of Ecological and Solidarity Transition, Brune Poirson, to Vaucluse.
The objective is to allow "each Frenchman to share his testimony, to express his expectations and his proposals for solutions", explains the executive. The government still says:
"This nationwide consultation aims to give the French back their voice in the development of public policies that concern them."
The debate sought by the executive is intended to be "abundant" and closer to an "English garden" than a "French garden", Edouard Philippe metaphorically stated on 12 December, citing the debate on national identity in the Sarkozy era as a counter-example.
"I have too many memories of a very organized debate "jardin à la française"
a few years ago, which had not been a success. I don't know if you remember, it was about... well, you remember."
Then citizens drawn at random
The second phase of the "major debate" will consist of "conferences" organized at the level of each region. They will have one particularity: they will be composed of about a hundred citizens drawn at random. "They will be asked to discuss the results of these debates," explained Edouard Philippe. Why draw lots?
"The idea is to ensure that the French, who are not necessarily the most involved in public life and debate, can give their opinion on the debate and on the proposals," according to the Prime Minister.
A debate led by Chantal Jouanno
Ironically, at the national level, the consultation will be coordinated by the National Commission for Public Debate, chaired by... Nicolas Sarkozy's former minister, Chantal Jouanno. Initially invited to the December 18 meeting, the former Senator did not come. The CNDP is already concerned that this "great debate" will appear to be government-led and will turn into pro-Macron "political meetings". She warned Edouard Philippe in a letter revealed by Franceinfo.
Replica of Benjamin Thrushes:
"I'm sick and tired of this generalized suspicion.
If we wanted to corrupt the debate, corset it, it would be done in the prefecture with the prefect as master of ceremonies."
Throughout the period of the debate, an independent college will also be responsible for ensuring the proper conduct, transparency and authenticity of the consultations, the executive said. In addition, the Economic, Social and Environmental Council (ESC) and the Regional Economic, Social and Environmental Councils (ESER) will participate in the discussions, in particular to formulate proposals on the themes proposed to the French.
Four main themes
The debate focuses on
four main themes: ecological transition, taxation, state organisation, and democracy and citizenship.
On December 12, the Executive presented these themes in the form of questions:
"How can we better support the French in their daily lives to move, heat and insulate their homes?"
"How can the link between taxes, spending and public services be improved to better meet the needs of the French?"
"How to make the organization of the State and other public authorities evolve to make them closer to the French and more efficient?"
"What does it mean to be a citizen today? How can the practice of democracy and citizenship be developed?"
A fifth question has since been withdrawn. It concerned immigration: "What are the expectations and concerns of the French regarding immigration, in a context of globalization and secularism that is sometimes shaken up?
But this fifth theme caused a real outcry, including among the majority, as shown, for example, by the outraged reaction of the Member of Parliament for Maine-et-Loire Matthieu Orphelin:
The #GrandDébat sur les territoires decided by the PR in response to the crisis #GiletsJaunes is an excellent idea to discuss housing, mobility, transition, purchasing power, public services, taxation, democracy. I think the issue of immigration has no place in it.
The Elysée's backpedaling was finally very rapid, with the presidency assuring that "the issue was discussed in the Council of Ministers" and that "some pleaded for a fifth pillar devoted to immigration", explains the head of state's entourage in "The World". But that "after debate, it was finally decided that there would only be four and
that migration issues would be included in the theme of citizenship".
And then what? New measures!
At the end of this major debate, the government undertook to take new measures, in particular concerning the ecological transition or a more direct involvement of citizens in the democratic debate.
Prime Minister Edouard Philippe has already declared himself in favour in principle of a citizens' initiative referendum ("RIC"), one of the main demands of the "yellow jackets".
In fact, this consultation should delay the examination of the constitutional revision, so that it can "take into account" the feedback from the national debate, said government spokesman Benjamin Griveaux on December 12:
"The President of the Republic has expressed the wish that a reflection on the timetable for constitutional revision may begin so that the work of Parliament can take full account of the ideas that will emerge from the great national debate on democratic action, on the question of citizenship."
"These elements will obviously be part of the debate on the constitutional revision" and Emmanuel Macron wished "that we start thinking about this timetable in order to be able to take into account what the French will tell us in the context of this long debate". Not taking their "aspirations" into consideration would be like "being very deaf and very blind" and "missing an important moment for them", the spokesman said.[/QUOTE]
DeepL.
"Grand débat national" voulu par Macron : à quoi faut-il s'attendre ?