I have often wondered why Denmark cooperated so easily with NAZI Germany during ww2, why was there no serious resistance when the occupation took place on April 9, 1940? It turns out the leadership of Copenhagen might have had an experience from the book of history to rely on, making them think twice while German planes were hanging over the capital.
During the Napoleonic Wars the British bombed Compenhagen twice. Worst was the event of 1807, known as the Bombardment of Copenhagen, see also Wikipedia. The British decided to attack the civilians of the town rather than the military installation.
The following is a translation of excerpts from a letter by the phycisist, H.C. Ørsted to his friend, the author Adam Oehlenschläger
The above excerpt could give rise to more comments, but sticking to my aim I conclude that when the Danish Government of 1940, with bombers hanging over their heads, gave in to the will of Nazi Germany, the event of 1807 played a role. Since 1940 little has changed but the names, the little freedom the Danish Government does have, has rarely been used, as brilliantly examplified by the previous prime minister and former General Secretary of NATO, Anders Fogh Rasmussen.
During the Napoleonic Wars the British bombed Compenhagen twice. Worst was the event of 1807, known as the Bombardment of Copenhagen, see also Wikipedia. The British decided to attack the civilians of the town rather than the military installation.
The following is a translation of excerpts from a letter by the phycisist, H.C. Ørsted to his friend, the author Adam Oehlenschläger
It was one of the first modern uses of terror bombing, by some sources called strategic bombing. Even though not much has been written about it, the bombardment of Copenhagen has not been forgotten by military historians and political analysts:http//www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/kirke-tro/den-grusomste-krigsf%C3%B8relse-af-alle said:We have undergone three terrible days and nights, in which a great part of the town has been destroyed, including the tower of Our Lady. Finally we are out of danger, but 20 ships-of-the-line and frigates have been the price of the salvation of the town ... This manner of conducting warfare is the most terrible of all, since one poured upon the town, over a period of 3 times 24 hours, more than 12.000 bombs, fireballs etc, without a defense being possible."
Jefferson said 2000 lost lives, but it might have been less, at least this article says 300. Considering that the town only 17 years before had experienced a devastating fire, I guess the population was more on their toes than what one would usually find, and this may have prevented some losses.https://thestateofthecentury.wordpress.com/2013/04/28/attacking-first-lessons-from-copenhagen-1807-and-iraq-2003/ said:April 28, 2013
Attacking First: Lessons from Copenhagen 1807 and Iraq 2003
The classic example of a preventive strike is the 1807 Battle of Copenhagen. Since this battle was used as a precedent for the 2003 invasion of Iraq, it only seems right to compare the two preventive attacks. [...]
First a note on definitions. A pre-emptive strike occurs when a state fears real foreign aggression, and thus attacks to gain the advantage in an impeding conflict. A preventative strike occurs when a state fears another state may change the balance of power against itself, and attacks to counter this.
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The modern view of pre-emptive and preventive war
Today both pre-emptive and preventive attacks are considered aggression, and both are considered illegal by international law unless approved of by the United Nations Security Council. Despite this preventive attacks still occur, from the Six Days War in 1967 (which actually can be considered both preventive and pre-emptive) to Operation Iraqi Freedom. Furthermore, the Battle of Copenhagen has been criticized heavily, being called one of the first terror attacks on civilian population in warfare. 2,000 civilians were killed causing US President Thomas Jefferson to memorably brand the British action as being “signalized by the total extinction of national morality.” Although there is little doubt the bombardment of Copenhagen was brutal, it is fallacy to hold military actions of the early-1800s to today’s moral standards. What must be remembered is that the Battle of Copenhagen was successful in preventing Napoleon from mustering a significant fleet, and thus Britain was never rivalled on the high seas. As such this preventive strike was thus used as a precedent for other preventive strikes, from the British bombardment of the French fleet at the Algerian coast at Mers el-Kebir in 1940 (to ensure the French fleet would not fall into Hitler’s hands) to the United States invading Iraq in 2003.
[...]
The above excerpt could give rise to more comments, but sticking to my aim I conclude that when the Danish Government of 1940, with bombers hanging over their heads, gave in to the will of Nazi Germany, the event of 1807 played a role. Since 1940 little has changed but the names, the little freedom the Danish Government does have, has rarely been used, as brilliantly examplified by the previous prime minister and former General Secretary of NATO, Anders Fogh Rasmussen.