Sol (Sun) and its phenomena

[Niall]

Can someone find me a 'global map' of some kind that shows where the aurora(s) were seen?

I'm curious if its overall shape or form was of the 'polar auroras' meandering south/north, or whether it looked more like multiple distinct 'rings' of auroras at different regions of the planet...

In the Magnetic Storm documentary from 20 years ago, multiple 'rings' of auroras is what they said might occur as part of a weakening planetary magnetic field, right before the poles 'reverse'.

 

[meadow_wind]

Can someone find me a 'global map' of some kind that shows where the aurora(s) were seen?

I'm not sure this is exactly what you are looking for, but I uploaded it just in case it may help.
On the NOAA 3h forecast webpage, when we click on the image, it loads a 24h past history of the Northern Lights up to the present time of the click. I made a screen capture starting on 2024-05-10 (13:39 UTC) and ending on 2024-05-11 (13:10 UTC)

NOAA : 2024-05-10 (24h Aurora visualisation)

 

[Niall]

I'm not sure this is exactly what you are looking for, but I uploaded it just in case it may help.
On the NOAA 3h forecast webpage, when we click on the image, it loads a 24h past history of the Northern Lights up to the present time of the click. I made a screen capture starting on 2024-05-10 (13:39 UTC) and ending on 2024-05-11 (13:10 UTC)

NOAA : 2024-05-10 (24h Aurora visualisation)

Yes, I think. If that is accurate, then it was indeed a 'normal polar aurora'. Thanks.

However, it doesn't account for how it was seen from as far south as Puerto Rico and the Yucatan in Mexico.

 

[meadow_wind]

Yes, I think. If that is accurate, then it was indeed a 'normal polar aurora'. Thanks.

However, it doesn't account for how it was seen from as far south as Puerto Rico and the Yucatan in Mexico

Well, it was a very strong aurora. I think it has been categorized as the 2nd strongest in the last 100 years if my memory is right.
The Red color on the chart means a 90% chance of seeing auroras. So everywhere in Red, the sky was filled almost 180 degrees (from the horizon up to overhead), almost nonstop all night, with all color ranges, and so strong it was visible by eye.

I took a screenshot of the video and superposed it to a world map to compare, with 2 red dots for Yucattan and Puerto Rico.
I think it's quite possible it was seen there by people who knew where to look and how to setup their camera properly. I'm not sure it was seen with eyes down there though.
What do you think?

 

[ElmerDirtly]

New path for space weather collaboration among federal agencies

www.noaa.gov

Not sure if this belongs here. I think there’s probably more here than meets the eye.

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE ACTIVITY REPORT MAY 18_2024

Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event of the period was a M7.2 event observed at 21:08 UTC from Region 3685 (S13E50) The flare generated a Moderate R2 radio blackout over East Pacific Ocean

https://twitter.com/x/status/1791639411639161109

https://twitter.com/x/status/1791659930513993773

The total number of sunspots has decreased to 168 of which 48 of them are grouped into 12 active regions as follows:

Active Region	Sunspots	Size (MH) & class
AR3670	2	10 B
AR3671	2	10 B
AR3672	1	40 a
AR3673	1	20 a
AR3674	8	120 B
AR3676	1	100 a
AR3679	13	230 By
AR3680	2	10 a
AR3682	1	10 a
AR3683	8	60 B
AR3685	7	220 By
AR3686	2	190 a new

a (alpha) B (beta) y (gamma) d (delta)


AR3667 & AR3684 are gone

AR3679 & AR3685 have beta-gamma magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class flares. All remaining regions have stable magnetic fields

NOAA's forecast for the next 24 hours: 99% chance of C flares, 55% chance of M flares and 25% chance of X flares.​

● Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet to moderate storm levels for the past 24 hours. On May 17 Solar wind speed reached a peak of 497 km/s at 1849 UTC Total IMF reached 17 nT at 1404 UTC

● Active geomagnetic conditions (Kp4)
Threshold Reached: 16:39 UTC
● Minor G1 geomagnetic storm (Kp5)
Threshold Reached: 17:01 UTC
● Moderate G2 geomagnetic storm (Kp6)
Threshold Reached: 19:28 UTC

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH (G1): Earth's magnetic field is reverberating from a CME strike on May 17th, which sparked a short-lived G2-class geomagnetic storm. Another CME is on the way, say NOAA forecasters, and it could deliver a glancing blow on May 19th. Minor G1-class storms are possible when the next CME arrives. SpaceWeather.com

Aurora Oval Bz: -1.57 nT South


● Current Conditions at 05:45 UTC on May 18

Geomagnetic activity is at Kp4 (active) After a period of Moderate G2 geomagnetic storm (kp6) The solar wind has a elevated speed of 415 km/s pointing south with negative Bz value of -1.57 nT which offers good conditions for aurora sightings at high latitudes. Thermosphere Climate Index (TCI) is hot.​

THE SUN JUST RIPPED OFF A COMET'S TAIL: Earth isn't the only celestial body experiencing extreme space weather. Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks just got hit, too. The effects of a CME strike are shown in this May 15th photo taken by Ujvárosi Beáta using a remote-controlled telescope in Hakos, Namibia:​

Note the structure near the comet's nucleus (inset). This is called a "disconnection event." It's caused by a CME (or fast solar wind stream) hitting the comet. One of the earliest recorded examples of this phenomenon occured in April 2007 when NASA’s STEREO-A spacecraft watched a CME strike Comet Encke and rip its tail completely off: movie.​

"Current images of Comet 12P clearly show the effects of stormy space weather conditions with its tail 'ripped off' by solar wind," says Beáta.​

On May 17 Solar activity is expected to be low with a chance for an M-class flare while the geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to minor storm levels.​

▪︎ Geospace active (Kp4)
▪Solar wind speed record: 415 km/sec (Elevated speed)
▪︎ density: 5 p/cm³ (low density)
▪︎ Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF)
Bt: 9 nT
▪︎ X-ray Solar Flare : C4 2336 UT May17
▪︎ Thermosphere Climate Index
today: HOT
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: -7.0% (Low)
▪︎ Sunspot number: 168 (SN 208 May 17)
▪︎ Spotless Days 2023 total: 0 days (0%)
▪︎ There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
............................
SpaceWeatherlive.com
SpaceWeather.com

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT MAY 19_2024

Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event of the period was a C7 event observed at 0538 UTC from Region 3679 (S08W07).


The total number of sunspots has decreased to 166 of which 79 of them are grouped into 11 active regions as follows:​

Active Region	Sunspots	Size (MH) & class
AR3670	1	10 a
AR3672	21	20 a
AR3673	1	10 a
AR3674	13	180 B
AR3676	1	80 a
AR3679	13	260 By
AR3680	2	10 a
AR3682	1	10 a
AR3683	14	120 B
AR3685	10	380 By
AR3686	2	120 a

a (alpha) B (beta) y (gamma) d (delta)

AR3671 is gone.

AR3679 & AR3685 have beta-gamma magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class flares. All remaining regions have stable magnetic fields

NOAA's forecast for the next 24 hours: 99% chance of C flares, 55% chance of M flares and 25% chance of X flares.​

● Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet levels for the past 24 hours. On May 18 Solar wind speed reached a peak of 517 km/s at 2145 UTC Total IMF reached 11 nT at 2213 UTC

Aurora Oval Bz: -2.67 nT South
​

● Current Conditions at 05:09 UTC on May 19

Geomagnetic activity is at Kp1 (quiet) The solar wind has a normal speed of 375 km/s pointing south with negative Bz value of -2.67 nT which offers good conditions for aurora sightings at high latitudes. Thermosphere Climate Index (TCI) continues to be hot.​

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH (G1): NOAA forcasters say that minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible on May 19th and/or 20th in response to a pair of glancing-blow CMEs. The more potent CME will be the second, propelled by a powerful M7-class flare on May 17th; this means May 20th has the best chance for a storm. SpaceWeather.com​

On May 19 Solar activity is likely to be moderate with a chance for X-class flares while the geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to active levels.​

▪︎ Geospace quiet (Kp1)
▪Solar wind speed record: 375 km/sec (Normal speed)
▪︎ density: 2 p/cm³ (low density)
▪︎ Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF)
Bt: 8 nT
▪︎ X-ray Solar Flare : C2 0353 UT May19
▪︎ Thermosphere Climate Index
today: HOT
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: -7.7% (Low)
▪︎ Sunspot number: 166 (SN 168 May 18)
▪︎ Spotless Days 2023 total: 0 days (0%)
▪︎ There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
............................
SpaceWeatherlive.com
SpaceWeather.com

 

[mabar]

Yes, I think. If that is accurate, then it was indeed a 'normal polar aurora'. Thanks.

However, it doesn't account for how it was seen from as far south as Puerto Rico and the Yucatan in Mexico.

As accurate as a forecast, isn't weird that such an awsome event there is not video from orbit? like this one?

In this, one you can see little or nothing.

Some one post this but I think is from another date

https://twitter.com/x/status/1789152650476314978

There is this map also, includes the position and in many cases the photo.

https://twitter.com/x/status/1791942086461137057

https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1jxjxYai7NFBD4s4S5k9wMY9oSMAIHDY&ll=0%2C0&z=1

But while looking, a blured color can be seen in some regions, while in others, not. I adjust the exposure at GIMP (image editor software) at some. But I have no idea what it might actually be.




I have not finished watching it, though. And I found this, any idea on what it is?

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT MAY 20_2024

Solar activity has been at moderate levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event of the period was a M2 event observed at 1756 UTC from Region 3685 (S13E29) the flare generated a Minor R1 radio blackout over Mexico and Central America. No CME associated.​

Other M-class flares from AR3685

● M1.8 at 13:44 UTC the flare generated a Minor R1 radio blackout over Atlantic Ocean. No CME associated​

● M1.6 at 21:59 UTC the flare generated a Minor R1 radio blackout over Pacific Ocean. No CME associated​

The total number of sunspots has decreased to 154 of which 72 of them are grouped into 11 active regions as follows:

Active Region	Sunspots	Size (MH) & class
AR3672	1	10 a
AR3673	1	10 a
AR3674	7	120 B
AR3676	1	10 a
AR3679	11	170 By
AR3682	7	10 a
AR3683	17	110 B
AR3684	3	10 B
AR3685	17	420 By
AR3686	2	130 a
AR3687	5	10 B

a (alpha) B (beta) y (gamma) d (delta)

AR3670 & AR3680 are gone.

AR3679 & AR3685 have beta-gamma magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class flares. All remaining regions have stable magnetic fields

NOAA's forecast for the next 24 hours: 99% chance of C flares, 55% chance of M flares and 10% chance of X flares.​

● Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet to unsettled levels for the past 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 438 km/s at 19/1148Z. Total IMF reached 9 nT at 19/1417Z. The maximum​

Aurora Oval Bz: -5.42 nT South


● Current Conditions at 04:00 UTC on May 20

Geomagnetic activity is at Kp1 (quiet) The solar wind has a normal speed of 384 km/s pointing south with negative Bz value of -5.42 nT which offers moderate conditions for aurora sightings at high latitudes. Thermosphere Climate Index (TCI) continues to be hot.

https://twitter.com/x/status/1792375576583344185

https://twitter.com/x/status/1792320987578712232

On May 20 Solar activity is likely to be moderate with a chance for X-class flares while the geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to minor storm levels.​

▪︎ Geospace quiet (Kp1)
▪Solar wind speed record: 384 km/sec (Normal speed)
▪︎ density: 4.4 p/cm³ (low density)
▪︎ Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF)
Bt: 7.5 nT
▪︎ X-ray Solar Flare : M1 2159 UT May19
▪︎ Thermosphere Climate Index
today: HOT
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: -7.7% (Low)
▪︎ Sunspot number: 154 (SN 166 May 19)
▪︎ Spotless Days 2023 total: 0 days (0%)
▪︎ A polar coronal hole is observed but without impact on Earth. There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun

............................
SpaceWeatherlive.com
SpaceWeather.com

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT MAY 21_2024

Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event of the period was a C6.6 event observed at 05:54 UTC from Region 3683 (S25W72)

The total number of sunspots has decreased to 124 of which 64 of them are grouped into 6 active regions as follows:​

Active Region	Sunspots	Size (MH) & class
AR3674	5	100 B
AR3679	11	150 By
AR3683	15	100 B
AR3684	5	20 B
AR3685	20	350 By
AR3686	8	120 B

a (alpha) B (beta) y (gamma) d (delta)

AR3672, AR3673, AR3676, AR3682 & AR3687 are gone

AR3679 & AR3685 have beta-gamma magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class flares. All remaining regions have stable magnetic fields

NOAA's forecast for the next 24 hours: 99% chance of C flares, 55% chance of M flares and 10% chance of X flares.​

● Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet to unsettled levels for the past 24 hours. On May 20, Solar wind speed reached a peak of 427 km/s at 03:08 UTC. Total IMF reached 9 nT at 0041 UTC.​

Aurora Oval Bz: -0.54 nT South


● Current Conditions at 05:05 UTC on May 21

Geomagnetic activity is at Kp2 (quiet) The solar wind has a normal speed of 377 km/s pointing south with negative Bz value of -0.54 nT which offers low conditions for aurora sightings at high latitudes. Thermosphere Climate Index (TCI) continues to be hot.
​

WHERE IS THIS CME GOING? Earlier today, a full halo CME billowed away from the sun. This movie from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) shows the storm cloud completely surrounding the solar disk:​

​

The question is, where is it going? A NASA model of the CME suggests it is a farside event--heading directly away from Earth. On the other hand, NOAA analysts think it might be linked to a C6.7-flare from sunspot AR3683--heading directly toward Earth. Either geometry can produce a full halo.​

If it is indeed heading for Earth, the CME should arrive on May 22nd. Stay tuned for updates​

UPDATE​

A major coronal mass ejection (CME) can be seen leaving the Sun around 5 UTC today. The fast full halo CME is a far side eruption (not aimed at Earth) and likely comes from old sunspot region 3664.​

The CME was launched around the same time as an C6 solar flare from sunspot region 3683 took place and has been falsely attributed to this sunspot region by some sources. This is incorrect. This CME is 100% a far side eruption that will not arrive at Earth.​

https://twitter.com/x/status/1792556170193904033

We still have a lot to know about the sun and its phenomena, no doubt.

On May 21 Solar activity is likely to be moderate with a slight chance for X-class flares while the geomagnetic field is expected to be unsettled to active levels.​

▪︎ Geospace quiet (Kp2)
▪Solar wind speed record: 377 km/sec (Normal speed)
▪︎ density: 2 p/cm³ (low density)
▪︎ Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF)
Bt: 6 nT
▪︎ X-ray Solar Flare : C3 0104 UT May21
▪︎ Thermosphere Climate Index
today: HOT
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: -7.7% (Low)
▪︎ Sunspot number: 124 (SN 154 May 20)
▪︎ Spotless Days 2023 total: 0 days (0%)
▪︎ A polar coronal hole is observed but without impact on Earth. There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun

...................
SpaceWeatherlive.com
SpaceWeather.com

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT MAY 22_2024

Solar activity has been at moderate levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event of the period was a M1. 9 event observed at 1931 UTC from Region 3679 (S09W46).The flare generated a Minor R1 radio blackout over North America. No associated CME



The total number of sunspots has increased to 146 of which 55 of them are grouped into 9 active regions as follows:​

Active Region	Sunspots	Size (MH) & class
AR3674	1	80 a
AR3679	13	250 By
AR3683	4	70 B
AR3684	8	40 B
AR3685	17	380 By
AR3686	5	120 B
AR3687	1	10 a
AR3688	3	10 B
AR3689	3	30 B

a (alpha) B (beta) y (gamma) d (delta)

AR3679 & AR3685 have beta-gamma magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class flares. All remaining regions have stable magnetic fields

NOAA's forecast for the next 24 hours: 99% chance of C flares, 55% chance of M flares and 10% chance of X flares.​

● Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet to unsettled levels for the past 24 hours. On May 20, Solar wind speed reached a peak of 467 km/s at 18:47 UTC. Total IMF reached 7 nT at 18:36 UTC.​

Aurora Oval Bz: 0.44 nT North

● Current Conditions at 03:57 UTC on May 22

Geomagnetic activity is at Kp2 (quiet) The solar wind has a elevated speed of 412 km/s pointing north with positive Bz value of -0.44 nT which offers low conditions for aurora sightings at high latitudes. Thermosphere Climate Index (TCI) continues to be hot.

AR3679 produced a M1.5 at 03:12 UTC the flare generated a Minor R1 radio blackout over East Asia

Minor R1 radio blackout in progress. (03:55 UTC) Possibly M1
​

UPDATE
A major coronal mass ejection (CME) can be seen leaving the Sun around 5 UTC today. The fast full halo CME is a far side eruption (not aimed at Earth) and likely comes from old sunspot region 3664.
The CME was launched around the same time as an C6 solar flare from sunspot region 3683 took place and has been falsely attributed to this sunspot region by some sources. This is incorrect. This CME is 100% a far side eruption that will not arrive at Earth.

UPDATE, FARSIDE CME TARGETS VENUS: Giant sunspot AR3664 is probably still active on the farside of the sun. We know because yesterday it (or a companion sunspot) hurled a bright full-halo CME into space. According to a NASA model, the storm cloud will make a direct hit on Venus today, potentially stripping away a small amount of that planet's atmosphere. SpaceWeather.com

On May 22 Solar activity is likely to be moderate with a slight chance for X-class flares while the geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled levels.​

▪︎ Geospace quiet (Kp2)
▪Solar wind speed record: 412 km/sec (Elevated speed)
▪︎ density: 3 p/cm³ (low density)
▪︎ Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF)
Bt: 6 nT
▪︎ X-ray Solar Flare : M1 0312 UT May22
▪︎ Thermosphere Climate Index
today: HOT
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: -6.4% (Low)
▪︎ Sunspot number: 146 (SN 124 May 21)
▪︎ Spotless Days 2023 total: 0 days (0%)
▪︎ A polar coronal hole is observed but without impact on Earth. There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun

...................
SpaceWeatherlive.com
SpaceWeather.com

 

[mabar]

UPDATE, FARSIDE CME TARGETS VENUS: Giant sunspot AR3664 is probably still active on the farside of the sun. We know because yesterday it (or a companion sunspot) hurled a bright full-halo CME into space. According to a NASA model, the storm cloud will make a direct hit on Venus today, potentially stripping away a small amount of that planet's atmosphere. SpaceWeather.com

Wow!

 

[mabar]

Perhaps they will encouter Darth Vader (Dwarf Sun)

https://twitter.com/x/status/1793186460092215569

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT MAY 23_2024

Solar activity has been at moderate levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event of the period was a M2.3 event observed at 0404 UTC from Region 3683 (S23W95). The flare generated a Minor R1 radio blackout over Asia​

AR3679 produced a M1.2 at 14:05 UTC the flare generated a Minor R1 radio blackout over Atlantic Ocean

​

The total number of sunspots has increased to 120 of which 64 of them are grouped into 8 active regions as follows:

Active Region	Sunspots	Size (MH) & class
AR3674	1	80 a
AR3679	14	500 Byd
AR3682	2	10 a
AR3684	10	80 By
AR3685	20	400 By
AR3686	9	120 B
AR3688	2	10 B
AR3689	6	50 B

a (alpha) B (beta) y (gamma) d (delta)

AR3683 & AR3687 are gone

AR3679 has developed a beta-gamma-delta magnetic field that harbors energy for strong X-class flares. AR3684 & AR3685 have beta-gamma magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class flares. All remaining regions have stable magnetic fields

NOAA's forecast for the next 24 hours: 99% chance of C flares, 60% chance of M flares and 10% chance of X flares.​

● Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet levels for the past 24 hours. On May 22, Solar wind speed reached a peak of 428 km/s at 03:19 UTC. Total IMF reached 8 nT at 18:4] UTC.​

ALL QUIET FOR THE REST OF THE WEEK: No CMEs are heading for Earth. This means geomagnetic activity should remain low for the next 3 days--unless a filament erupts. SpaceWeather.com​

Aurora Oval Bz: -0.06 nT South


● Current Conditions at 05:14 UTC on May 23

Geomagnetic activity is at Kp1 (quiet) The solar wind has a normal speed of 382 km/s pointing south with negative Bz value of -0.06 nT which offers moderate conditions for aurora sightings at high latitudes. Thermosphere Climate Index (TCI) continues to be hot.

AR3679 produced a M4 at 02:16 UTC the flare generated a Minor R1 radio blackout over East Asia
​

Then at 04:21 UTC produced a M1.7 the flare generated a Minor R1 radio blackout over East Asia.
​

THIS FILAMENT IS ABOUT TO BLOW: A filament of magnetism more than 400,000 km long is snaking across the sun's southern hemisphere, writhing with activity. The enormous structure could blow at any moment:​

Solar filaments like these are notoriously unstable. Two things can happen when they snap: (1) Debris can fall back to the surface of the sun, producing a type of explosion called a "Hyder Flare." (2) Debris can fly away from the sun, forming the core of a massive CME. Either way, Earth could be affected by the blast. Stay tuned to see what happens.​

I think this filament is an example of the galactic currents penetrating the heliogap that the Cs mentioned in the last session.

On May 23 Solar activity is likely to be moderate with a slight chance for X-class flares while the geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled levels.​

▪︎ Geospace quiet (Kp1)
▪Solar wind speed record: 382 km/sec (Normal speed)
▪︎ density: 5 p/cm³ (low density)
▪︎ Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF)
Bt: 6 nT
▪︎ X-ray Solar Flare : M4 0216 UT May23
▪︎ Thermosphere Climate Index
today: HOT
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: -6.4% (Low)
▪︎ Sunspot number: 120 (SN 146 May 22)
▪︎ Spotless Days 2023 total: 0 days (0%)
▪︎ A polar coronal hole is observed but without impact on Earth. There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun

...................
SpaceWeatherlive.com
SpaceWeather.com

 

[Puma]

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT MAY 24_2024

Solar activity has been at high levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event of the period was a M4 event observed at 0216 UTC from Region 3679 (S09W73). See previous report.

In addition AR3679 produced the following M-class flares

● M1.7 at 04:29 UTC the flare generated a Minor R1 radio blackout over Asia



● M2.5 at 13:20 UTC the flare generated a Minor R1 radio blackout over Atlantic Ocean.

https://twitter.com/x/status/1793657478405579004

​

On the other hand AR3689 produced a M1 at 15:58 UTC the flare generated a Minor R1 radio blackout over Western Atlantic Ocean

https://twitter.com/x/status/1793836418445574529

The total number of sunspots has increased to 130 of which 60 of them are grouped into 7 active regions as follows:​

Active Region	Sunspots	Size (MH) & class
AR3679	10	480 Byd
AR3684	8	100 By
AR3685	23	400 By
AR3686	11	100 B
AR3687	1	10 a
AR3689	6	30 B
AR3690	1	30 a

a (alpha) B (beta) y (gamma) d (delta)

AR3674 AR3682 & AR3688 are gone.

AR3679 has developed a beta-gamma-delta magnetic field that harbors energy for strong X-class flares. AR3684 & AR3685 have beta-gamma magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class flares. All remaining regions have stable magnetic fields​

NOAA's forecast for the next 24 hours: 99% chance of C flares, 60% chance of M flares and 10% chance of X flares.

● Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet to unsettled levels for the past 24 hours. On May 23, Solar wind speed reached a peak of 419 km/s at 03:07 UTC. Total IMF reached 8 nT at 19:40 UTC.​

Aurora Oval Bz: -5.51 nT South


● Current Conditions at 04:53 UTC on May 24

Geomagnetic activity is at Kp2 (quiet) The solar wind has a normal speed of 353 km/s pointing south with negative Bz value of -5.51 nT which offers good conditions for aurora sightings at high latitudes. Thermosphere Climate Index (TCI) continues to be hot.​

ROCKS AND SOIL ELECTRIFIED BY THE SUPERSTORM: Across the USA on May 10th and 11th, sky watchers marveled at bright displays of aurora borealis during the biggest geomagnetic storm in decades. Little did they know, something was also happening underfoot.​

Strong electrical currents were surging through rocks and soil. The biggest voltages along the US eastern seaboard and in the Midwest were as much as 10,000 times normal. A map from NOAA and the US Geological Survey shows some of the 'hot spots' during the early hours of May 11th:

​

Back in March 1989, voltages only a little stronger than the ones shown above brought down the entire Hydro-Québec power system. The resulting Great Québec Blackout plunged millions of Canadians into darkness.

This time, however, power grids stayed up. "We haven't heard of any serious problems so far," reports Christopher Balch of NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center. SpaceWeather.com

On May 23 Solar activity is likely to be moderate with a slight chance for X-class flares while the geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to active levels.​

▪︎ Geospace quiet (Kp2)
▪Solar wind speed record: 353 km/sec (Normal speed)
▪︎ density: 3 p/cm³ (low density)
▪︎ Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF)
Bt: 7 nT
▪︎ X-ray Solar Flare : C5 2259 UT May23
▪︎ Thermosphere Climate Index
today: HOT
▪︎ Neutron Counts today: -6.6% (Low)
▪︎ Sunspot number: 130 (SN 120 May 23)
▪︎ Spotless Days 2023 total: 0 days (0%)
▪︎ There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun

.................
SpaceWeatherlive.com
SpaceWeather.com